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NameProjectTypeCompare
Győr Geothermal District Heating Project PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Jacobs Borchs Gate, Drammen PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Dietenbach, Freiburg im Breisgau PED Relevant Case Study Compare
SmartEnCity, Lecce SmartEnCity – Towards Smart Zero CO2 Cities across Europe PED Relevant Case Study Compare
STARDUST, Trento STARDUST – Holistic and Integrated Urban Model for Smart Cities PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Klimatkontrakt Hyllie, Malmö PED Relevant Case Study Compare
EnStadt:Pfaff, Kaiserslautern PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
mySMARTlife, Helsinki PED Relevant Case Study Compare
REPLICATE (pilot action in the Novoli-Cascine district on “le PIagge” buildings), Firenze PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Sinfonia, Bolzano PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Hunziker Areal, Zürich PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Hammarby Sjöstad 2.0, PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Sharing Cities, Milano PED Relevant Case Study Compare
District Heating Pozo Barredo, Mieres PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Cityfied (demo Linero), Lund PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Smart Otaniemi, Espoo PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Zukunftsquartier, Vienna PED Case Study Compare
Santa Chiara Open Lab, Trento PED Case Study Compare
Barrio La Pinada, Paterna PED Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Zero Village Bergen (ZVB) ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Case Study Compare
Võru +CityxChange PED Case Study Compare
NTNU Campus within the Knowledge Axis, Trondheim ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Case Study Compare
Furuset project, Oslo ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Case Study Compare
Laser Valley – Land of Lights PED Case Study Compare
Ydalir project ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Case Study Compare
NyBy – Ny Flyplass (New City – New Airport) ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Case Study Compare
Fornebu, Bærum ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Case Study Compare
Fleuraye west, Carquefou PED Case Study Compare
Smart Energy Åland PED Case Study Compare
Romania, Alba Iulia PED ASCEND – Accelerate poSitive Clean ENergy Districts PED Case Study Compare
Romania, Alba Iulia PED InterPED – INTERoperable cloud-based solution for cross-vector planning and management of Positive Energy Districts PED Case Study Compare
Munich, Harthof district PED Case Study Compare
Lublin MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Case Study Compare
Roubaix, MustBe0 – Résidence Philippe le Hardi – 125 Rue d’Oran CULTURAL-E – Climate and cultural-based solutions for Plus Energy Buildings PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Bærum, Eiksveien 116 CULTURAL-E – Climate and cultural-based solutions for Plus Energy Buildings PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Findhorn, the Park InterPED – INTERoperable cloud-based solution for cross-vector planning and management of Positive Energy Districts PED Case Study Compare
Amsterdam, Buiksloterham PED ATELIER – AmsTErdam BiLbao cItizen drivEn smaRt cities PED Case Study Uncompare
Schönbühel-Aggsbach, Schönbühel an der Donau PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Umeå, Ålidhem district PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation PED Case Study Compare
Aalborg East PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Ankara, Çamlık District PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study Uncompare
Trenčín MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Case Study Compare
Luxembourg, Betzdorf LEGOFIT – Adaptable technological solutions based on early design actions for the construction and renovation of Energy Positive Homes PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Vantaa, Aviapolis NEUTRALPATH – Pathway towards Climate-Neutrality through low risky and fully replicable Positive Clean Energy Districts PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Vidin, Himik and Bononia MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Case Study Compare
Oslo, Verksbyen Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods PED Case Study Compare
Uden, Loopkantstraat Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Zaragoza, Actur NEUTRALPATH – Pathway towards Climate-Neutrality through low risky and fully replicable Positive Clean Energy Districts PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Aarhus, Brabrand BIPED – Building Intelligent Positive Energy Districts PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Riga, Ķīpsala, RTU smart student city ExPEDite – Enabling Positive Energy Districts through Digital Twins PED Case Study Compare
Izmir, District of Karşıyaka PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation PED Case Study Compare
Istanbul, Ozyegin University Campus LEGOFIT – Adaptable technological solutions based on early design actions for the construction and renovation of Energy Positive Homes PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Espoo, Kera SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Borlänge, Rymdgatan’s Residential Portfolio PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Freiburg, Waldsee PED urban – Development of methods and tools for accounting, planning and operation of climate-neutral district PED Case Study Compare
Innsbruck, Campagne-Areal PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Graz, Reininghausgründe PED Case Study Compare
Stor-Elvdal, Campus Evenstad ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Oulu, Kaukovainio MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Case Study Compare
Halmstad, Fyllinge PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Lund, Brunnshög district PED Case Study Compare
Vienna, Am Kempelenpark PED Case Study Compare
Évora, Portugal POCITYF – A POsitive Energy CITY Transformation Framework PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Kladno, Sletiště (Sport Area), PED Winter Stadium SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Groningen, PED South MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Lab Compare
Groningen, PED North MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Lab Compare
Maia, Sobreiro Social Housing SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Lab Uncompare
Lubia (Soria), CEDER-CIEMAT PED Lab Uncompare
Tampere, Ilokkaanpuisto district STARDUST – Holistic and Integrated Urban Model for Smart Cities PED Relevant Case Study Uncompare
Leon, Former Sugar Factory district MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Case Study Compare
Istanbul, Kadikoy district, Caferaga MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Case Study Compare
Espoo, Leppävaara district, Sello center SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Case Study Compare
Espoo, Espoonlahti district, Lippulaiva block SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Case Study Compare
Salzburg, Gneis district Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods PED Case Study Compare
Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods PED Case Study Compare
Tartu, City centre area SmartEnCity – Towards Smart Zero CO2 Cities across Europe PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Uncompare
Bologna, Pilastro-Roveri district GRETA – GReen Energy Transition Actions PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Barcelona, SEILAB & Energy SmartLab PED Lab Compare
Leipzig, Baumwollspinnerei district SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Case Study Compare
Kifissia, Energy community SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Relevant Case Study
TitleKifissia, Energy community
Tartu, City centre area
«×»
Maia, Sobreiro Social Housing
«×»
Lubia (Soria), CEDER-CIEMAT
«×»
Tampere, Ilokkaanpuisto district
«×»
Amsterdam, Buiksloterham PED
«×»
Ankara, Çamlık District
«×»
A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED Lab
A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED LabKifissia, Energy communityTartu, City centre areaMaia, Sobreiro Social HousingLubia (Soria), CEDER-CIEMATTampere, Ilokkaanpuisto districtAmsterdam, Buiksloterham PEDAnkara, Çamlık District
A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet
A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet
A1P003: Categorisation of the PED site
PED case studynononononoyesyes
PED relevant case studyyesyesnonoyesnoyes
PED Lab.noyesyesyesnonono
A1P004: Targets of the PED case study / PED Lab
Climate neutralitynoyesyesnoyesyesyes
Annual energy surplusnononononoyesyes
Energy communityyesnononoyesyesyes
Circularitynoyesnononoyesno
Air quality and urban comfortyesnonoyesnonono
Electrificationyesyesnonoyesyesyes
Net-zero energy costnonononononoyes
Net-zero emissionnoyesnoyesyesyesyes
Self-sufficiency (energy autonomous)nononoyesyesnono
Maximise self-sufficiencynoyesyesnononoyes
Othernonononononono
Other (A1P004)
A1P005: Phase of the PED case study / PED Lab
A1P005: Project Phase of your case study/PED LabPlanning PhaseImplementation PhasePlanning PhaseImplementation PhaseCompletedImplementation PhasePlanning Phase
A1P006: Start Date
A1P006: Start date02/1610/2111/1904/1411/1910/22
A1P007: End Date
A1P007: End date07/2210/2412/2310/2310/2509/25
A1P008: Reference Project
A1P008: Reference Project
A1P009: Data availability
A1P009: Data availability
  • Monitoring data available within the districts,
  • Open data city platform – different dashboards
  • Monitoring data available within the districts,
  • Open data city platform – different dashboards,
  • Meteorological open data,
  • General statistical datasets,
  • GIS open datasets
  • General statistical datasets
  • Monitoring data available within the districts,
  • Open data city platform – different dashboards,
  • Meteorological open data
  • Monitoring data available within the districts
  • Open data city platform – different dashboards,
  • Meteorological open data,
  • General statistical datasets
A1P009: Otherhttps://smartcity-atelier.eu/about/lighthouse-cities/amsterdam/
A1P010: Sources
Any publication, link to website, deliverable referring to the PED/PED Lab
      • http://www.ceder.es/redes-inteligentes,
      • O. Izquierdo-Monge, Paula Peña-Carro et al. Conversion of a network section with loads, storage systems and renewable generation sources into a smart microgrid. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(11), 5012. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11115012,
      • O. Izquierdo-Monge, Paula Peña-Carro et al. A Methodology for the Conversion of a Network Section with Generation Sources, Storage and Loads into an Electrical Microgrid Based on Raspberry Pi and Home Assistant. ICSC-Cities 2020, CCIS 1359 proceedings. Springer. https:// doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69136-3_1
      • None yet, but coming
        A1P011: Geographic coordinates
        X Coordinate (longitude):23.81458826.722737-8.373557-2.50823.7980834.904132.795369
        Y Coordinate (latitude):38.07734958.38071341.13580441.60361.46408852.367639.881812
        A1P012: Country
        A1P012: CountryGreeceEstoniaPortugalSpainFinlandNetherlandsTurkey
        A1P013: City
        A1P013: CityMunicipality of KifissiaTartuMaiaLubia - SoriaTampereAmsterdamAnkara
        A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification)
        A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification).CsaDfbCsbCfbDfbCfbDsb
        A1P015: District boundary
        A1P015: District boundaryVirtualFunctionalVirtualGeographicVirtualFunctionalGeographic
        OtherThe energy will be produced by a PV plant installed on the terrace of a municipal building. Members of the energy community (that is under formation) will benefit from the energy produced via virtual net metering. PV instalment and the buildings (owned by the members of the community) will be within the boundaries of the Municipality but not necessary in the same area/district/neighbourhood
        A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab
        A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab:PrivatePublicPublicMixedMixedPrivate
        A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure
        A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure:Multiple OwnersMultiple OwnersSingle OwnerMultiple OwnersMultiple OwnersMultiple Owners
        A1P018: Number of buildings in PED
        A1P018: Number of buildings in PED18226660257
        A1P019: Conditioned space
        A1P019: Conditioned space [m²]352179.0002850022600
        A1P020: Total ground area
        A1P020: Total ground area [m²]793144640000025.00050800
        A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area
        A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area0000000
        A1P022: Financial schemes
        A1P022a: Financing - PRIVATE - Real estatenoyesnonoyesyesno
        A1P022a: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]6500000
        A1P022b: Financing - PRIVATE - ESCO schemenonononononono
        A1P022b: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
        A1P022c: Financing - PRIVATE - Othernonoyesnoyesnono
        A1P022c: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
        A1P022d: Financing - PUBLIC - EU structural fundingnoyesnonononono
        A1P022d: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]4000000
        A1P022e: Financing - PUBLIC - National fundingnoyesyesnoyesnono
        A1P022e: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]8000000
        A1P022f: Financing - PUBLIC - Regional fundingnonoyesnononono
        A1P022f: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
        A1P022g: Financing - PUBLIC - Municipal fundingnonononononono
        A1P022g: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
        A1P022h: Financing - PUBLIC - Othernonononononono
        A1P022h: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
        A1P022i: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - EUnonoyesnoyesyesyes
        A1P022i: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
        A1P022j: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - Nationalnononoyesnonoyes
        A1P022j: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
        A1P022k: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - Local/regionalnononoyesnonono
        A1P022k: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
        A1P022l: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - Othernonononononono
        A1P022l: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
        A1P022: Other
        A1P023: Economic Targets
        A1P023: Economic Targets
        • Positive externalities
        • Positive externalities,
        • Boosting local and sustainable production
        • Boosting local and sustainable production,
        • Boosting consumption of local and sustainable products
        • Boosting local and sustainable production
        • Boosting local businesses,
        • Boosting local and sustainable production,
        • Boosting consumption of local and sustainable products
        • Boosting local and sustainable production
        A1P023: Other
        A1P024: More comments:
        A1P024: More comments:The Centre for the Development of Renewable Energy (CEDER)is specialized in applied research, development and promotion of renewable energy. Among the facilities of this Centre, the urban laboratory CEDER-CIEMAT assess the performance of different configurations of energy networks at the district level. This PED-Lab infrastructure is an energy district that connects six office buildings with energy generation installations by means of two energy rings: electrical grid (in operation phase) and thermal network (in the implementation phase). The buildings of this PED Lab can act as energy demanders or suppliers depending on the climatic and operational conditions. The majority of these buildings are constructed with conventional technologies but some of them are implemented with efficient and sustainable measures. The thermal network is composed by two biomass boilers, 300 kW power each, and water tanks with 90 kWh of thermal storage. This network will shortly be expanded with a low temperature (90°C) and high temperature (150°-250°C) rings. The low-temperature ring is made up by two Stirling engine cogeneration boilers (one biomass gasification boiler and one gas boiler). The high-temperature ring has a thermal generator made up of Fresnel solar concentrators and an ORC cogeneration system fed directly from the solar concentrator. The high-temperature ring is interconnected with the low-temperature ring through an oil/water heat exchanger. This network has thermal storage systems in the modalities of: aquifers, boreholes, phase change materials, cold storage with geothermal exchange ground recovery and thermal storage at very low temperature with zeolites. The electrical grid incorporates different renewable generation technologies (50 kW wind turbine and eight different photovoltaic systems, a reversible hydraulic system), and engine generator of 100 kVA, electricity storages (batteries) and flexible loads.The urban morphology of Çamlık District differs in several ways, compared with the typical urban fabric in Türkiye, along with the capital city of Ankara. The houses on the site are composed of three-story attached single-housing units with multiple rows, creating a total of 257 housing units in total. Low-rise buildings coupled with suitably oriented rooftop surfaces brings about significant advantages in the site. Dense greenery in the site also results in reduced cooling energy demand in the buildings.
        A1P025: Estimated PED case study / PED LAB costs
        A1P025: Estimated PED case study / PED LAB costs [mil. EUR]25
        Contact person for general enquiries
        A1P026: NameArtemis Giavasoglou, Kleopatra KalampokaJaanus TammAdelina RodriguesDr. Raquel RamosSenior Scientist Terttu VainioOmar ShafqatProf. Dr. İpek Gürsel DİNO
        A1P027: OrganizationMunicipality of Kifissia – SPARCS local teamTartu City GovernmentMaia Municipality (CM Maia) – Energy and Mobility divisionCentre for the Development of Renewable Energy (CEDER) - Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology Research (CIEMAT)VTT Technical Research Centre of FinlandAmsterdam University of Applied SciencesMiddle East Technical University
        A1P028: AffiliationMunicipality / Public BodiesMunicipality / Public BodiesMunicipality / Public BodiesResearch Center / UniversityResearch Center / UniversityResearch Center / UniversityResearch Center / University
        A1P028: Other
        A1P029: Emailgiavasoglou@kifissia.grJaanus.tamm@tartu.eedscm.adelina@cm-maia.ptraquel.ramos@ciemat.esterttu.vainio@vtt.fio.shafqat@hva.nlipekg@metu.edu.tr
        Contact person for other special topics
        A1P030: NameStavros Zapantis - vice mayorKaspar AlevCarolina Gonçalves (AdEPorto)Dr. Oscar SecoOmar ShafqatAssoc. Prof. Onur Taylan
        A1P031: Emailstavros.zapantis@gmail.comKaspar.alev@tartu.eecarolinagoncalves@adeporto.euoscar.seco@ciemat.eso.shafqat@hva.nlotaylan@metu.edu.tr
        Pursuant to the General Data Protection RegulationYesYesYesYesYesYes
        A2P001: Fields of application
        A2P001: Fields of application
        • Energy production
        • Energy efficiency,
        • Energy flexibility,
        • Energy production,
        • E-mobility,
        • Urban comfort (pollution, heat island, noise level etc.),
        • Digital technologies,
        • Indoor air quality
        • Energy efficiency,
        • Energy flexibility,
        • Energy production,
        • E-mobility,
        • Urban comfort (pollution, heat island, noise level etc.),
        • Digital technologies
        • Energy efficiency,
        • Energy flexibility,
        • Energy production,
        • Digital technologies,
        • Indoor air quality
        • Energy efficiency,
        • Energy production,
        • Digital technologies
        • Energy efficiency,
        • Energy flexibility,
        • Energy production,
        • E-mobility,
        • Digital technologies,
        • Water use,
        • Waste management,
        • Construction materials
        • Energy efficiency,
        • Energy production,
        • Construction materials
        A2P001: Other
        A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fields
        A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fieldsEnergy efficiency: - buildings retrofitting - combined public and private financing - low temperature central heating - LED lighting Energy production: - installation of photovoltaic (PV) systems for renewable on-site energy production; Digital technologies: - smart-meters smart home system. Smart city information platform E-mobility - Installation of new charging stations for electric vehicles; - e-bike/bikesharing services implementation. Urban comfort and air quality - Control units for air pollutants concentration (PM2.5, PM10, NO2) - Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan - SECAP)Energy production: - installation of photovoltaic systems for renewable on-site energy production; - installation of a BIPV demonstrator for the City Hall building. Energy flexibility: - implementation of an energy community through an active citizens involvement process. Digital technologies: - smart-meters installation in some dwellings in order to monitor consumption and suggest more sustainable energy behaviours. [PCP] Through https://balcaodigital.e-redes.pt/consumptions/history “Espaço Municipal” (https://www.espacomunicipal.pt/pt/) might access history of consumption up to midnight of the previous day. E-mobility: - Installation of new charging stations for electric vehicles; Urban comfort and air quality: - Monitoring units for air pollutants concentration (PM2.5, PM10, NO2) [PCP] Currently we are monitoring CO, O3, NO2, SO2, noise, PM2.5 and PM10 at a point 267 m east from the four buildings southeast of Sobreiro area:Energy efficiency: - Buildings energy retrofit. Energy production: - Biomass Boiler capacity: 0.6 MW. Annual production: 1.2 GWh - Solar thermal collectors: 70 kW, planned extended to: 0.47MW - Geotermal & Absorption Pumps: 100 kW - Share of renewables after extension: 100% (30% solar thermal and 70% biomass) - AOC 50kW wind turbine. Awaiting installation of a two-way AC-AC converter for subsequent connection to the grid - Bornay Inclin 3 kW wind turbine, connected to 24 Vdc batteries, to be connected to the grid by means of Xantrex inverter/charger - 9kW photovoltaic park (66PV panels, brand BP Solar,type BP5140,of 140W) connected to the grid by means of two INGECON SUN 5 inverters - 5kW photovoltaic pergola (24PV panels, brand Solon, type P200, of 210W) connected to the grid by means of one INGECON SUN 5 inverter - 8.28kW photovoltaic roof (36PV panels, Brand LDK, type LDK-230P-20), connected to the grid by means of one INGECONSUN 10 inverter - 12kW photovoltaic roof (80PV panels, brand Gamesa, type GS-1501), connected to the grid. - Reversible hydraulic system connected to a 60 kW electric generator and a pumping system. -Stirling engine with a heat lamp based on natural gas, a helium cool lamp, 10kWe maximum power delivered and global performance of approximately 33%. Energy flexibility: - Thermal storage systems: water tanks 90kW, aquifers, boreholes, phase change materials, cold storage with geothermal exchange ground recovery and thermal storage at very low temperature with zeolites. - Electrical storage systems: batteries (lead-acid and lithium-ion). - Flexible loads. Control systems and Digital technologies: - Full monitoring campaign. - Smart-meters installation to monitor consumption and suggest another energy behaviours. - Dynamic simulation tools to optimize the energy performance. Urban comfort and air quality: - Meteorological stations to monitor the climate evolution. - Microclimatic simulation tools to quantify the thermal behaviour.Energy efficiency: - A-class buildings - Heating by GSHP Energy production: - Installation of photovoltaic (PV) Digital technologies: - Smart control and monitoring of HVAC and indoor circumstances E-mobility - Installation of charging stations for electric vehicles;City vision, Innovation AteliersThe energy consumption and efficiency of the energy model of Çamlık Site, created using EnergyPlus software, have been evaluated under the scenarios specified below. At each stage, a new system was incorporated to explore the potential of the area becoming a PED. In this context, four scenarios were created to compare different energy scenarios for the Ankara pilot area and to observe the impact of the included systems on energy efficiency: V_base; V_ER; V_ER,HP; V_ER,HP,PV. The basic scenario (V_base) was created using the current state without any improvement to the building envelope. This scenario was developed to determine the annual energy needs of the entire site without any intervention and serves as a reference point for the other developed models. The second scenario (V_ER) was created to improve the building envelopes of all residential units in the area, altering the U-values according to Türkiye's current building standards (TS-825). The third scenario (V_ER,HP) primarily includes a heat pump model that can use electrical energy to produce higher thermal energy and is added on top of the improvements in the second scenario. Finally, the V_ER,HP,PV scenario combines building envelope improvements, the heat pump, and the solar PV system.
        A2P003: Application of ISO52000
        A2P003: Application of ISO52000NoNoNoNoYesYes
        A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balance
        A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balanceYesYesYesYesNoYes
        A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balance
        A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balanceNoNoNoNoNoNo
        A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculation
        A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculationMobility is not included in the calculations.
        A2P007: Annual energy demand in buildings / Thermal demand
        A2P007: Annual energy demand in buildings / Thermal demand [GWh/annum]9.103.446
        A2P008: Annual energy demand in buildings / Electric Demand
        A2P008: Annual energy demand in buildings / Electric Demand [GWh/annum]0.70.528
        A2P009: Annual energy demand for e-mobility
        A2P009: Annual energy demand for e-mobility [GWh/annum]
        A2P010: Annual energy demand for urban infrastructure
        A2P010: Annual energy demand for urban infrastructure [GWh/annum]
        A2P011: Annual renewable electricity production on-site during target year
        A2P011: PVyesyesyesyesyesyesyes
        A2P011: PV - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]0.73.4240
        A2P011: Windnononoyesnonono
        A2P011: Wind - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
        A2P011: Hydronononoyesnonono
        A2P011: Hydro - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
        A2P011: Biomass_elnononoyesnoyesno
        A2P011: Biomass_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
        A2P011: Biomass_peat_elnonononononono
        A2P011: Biomass_peat_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
        A2P011: PVT_elnonononononono
        A2P011: PVT_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
        A2P011: Othernonononononono
        A2P011: Other - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
        A2P012: Annual renewable thermal production on-site during target year
        A2P012: Geothermalnononoyesyesyesno
        A2P012 - Geothermal: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
        A2P012: Solar Thermalnoyesyesyesnonono
        A2P012 - Solar Thermal: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]0.5
        A2P012: Biomass_heatnononoyesnoyesno
        A2P012 - Biomass_heat: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
        A2P012: Waste heat+HPnononoyesnoyesno
        A2P012 - Waste heat+HP: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
        A2P012: Biomass_peat_heatnonononononono
        A2P012 - Biomass_peat_heat: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
        A2P012: PVT_thnonononononono
        A2P012 - PVT_th: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
        A2P012: Biomass_firewood_thnononoyesnonono
        A2P012 - Biomass_firewood_th: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
        A2P012: Othernonononononono
        A2P012 - Other: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
        A2P013: Renewable resources on-site - Additional notes
        A2P013: Renewable resources on-site - Additional notesPV plant of energy community locates outside of the city, not on the slot
        A2P014: Annual energy use
        A2P014: Annual energy use [GWh/annum]0.73.976
        A2P015: Annual energy delivered
        A2P015: Annual energy delivered [GWh/annum]
        A2P016: Annual non-renewable electricity production on-site during target year
        A2P016: Annual non-renewable electricity production on-site during target year [GWh/annum]00
        A2P017: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year
        A2P017: Gasnononononoyesyes
        A2P017 - Gas: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum]
        A2P017: Coalnononononoyesno
        A2P017 - Coal: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum]
        A2P017: Oilnononononoyesno
        A2P017 - Oil: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum]
        A2P017: Othernonononononono
        A2P017 - Other: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum]
        A2P018: Annual renewable electricity imports from outside the boundary during target year
        A2P018: PVnononononoyesno
        A2P018 - PV: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
        A2P018: Windnononononoyesno
        A2P018 - Wind: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
        A2P018: Hydronononononoyesno
        A2P018 - Hydro: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
        A2P018: Biomass_elnononononoyesno
        A2P018 - Biomass_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
        A2P018: Biomass_peat_elnononononoyesno
        A2P018 - Biomass_peat_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
        A2P018: PVT_elnononononoyesno
        A2P018 - PVT_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
        A2P018: Othernonononononono
        A2P018 - Other: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
        A2P019: Annual renewable thermal imports from outside the boundary during target year
        A2P019: Geothermalnononononoyesno
        A2P019 Geothermal: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
        A2P019: Solar Thermalnononononoyesno
        A2P019 Solar Thermal: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
        A2P019: Biomass_heatnononononoyesno
        A2P019 Biomass_heat: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
        A2P019: Waste heat+HPnononononoyesno
        A2P019 Waste heat+HP: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
        A2P019: Biomass_peat_heatnononononoyesno
        A2P019 Biomass_peat_heat: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
        A2P019: PVT_thnononononoyesno
        A2P019 PVT_th: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
        A2P019: Biomass_firewood_thnononononoyesno
        A2P019 Biomass_firewood_th: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
        A2P019: Othernonononononono
        A2P019 Other: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
        A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary
        A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary0000000
        A2P021: GHG-balance calculated for the PED
        A2P021: GHG-balance calculated for the PED [tCO2/annum]9800250
        A2P022: KPIs related to the PED case study / PED Lab
        A2P022: Safety & Security
        A2P022: Health
        A2P022: Education
        A2P022: Mobility
        A2P022: Energy
        A2P022: Water
        A2P022: Economic development
        A2P022: Housing and Community
        A2P022: Waste
        A2P022: Other
        A2P023: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Generation
        A2P023: Photovoltaicsnoyesyesyesyesyesyes
        A2P023: Solar thermal collectorsnonoyesyesnonono
        A2P023: Wind Turbinesnononoyesnonono
        A2P023: Geothermal energy systemnononoyesyesyesno
        A2P023: Waste heat recoverynononoyesyesyesno
        A2P023: Waste to energynononononoyesno
        A2P023: Polygenerationnononoyesnonono
        A2P023: Co-generationnononoyesnonono
        A2P023: Heat Pumpnonoyesyesyesyesyes
        A2P023: Hydrogennononoyesnonono
        A2P023: Hydropower plantnononoyesnonono
        A2P023: Biomassnoyesnoyesnoyesno
        A2P023: Biogasnoyesnononoyesno
        A2P023: Other
        A2P024: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Flexibility
        A2P024: A2P024: Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)noyesyesyesyesyesno
        A2P024: Energy management systemnoyesyesyesyesyesno
        A2P024: Demand-side managementnononoyesyesyesno
        A2P024: Smart electricity gridnononoyesnoyesno
        A2P024: Thermal Storagenononoyesnoyesno
        A2P024: Electric Storagenonoyesyesnoyesno
        A2P024: District Heating and Coolingnoyesnoyesnoyesno
        A2P024: Smart metering and demand-responsive control systemsnonoyesyesyesyesno
        A2P024: P2P – buildingsnononononoyesno
        A2P024: OtherElectric grid as virtual battery
        A2P025: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Efficiency
        A2P025: Deep Retrofittingnoyesyesyesnoyesyes
        A2P025: Energy efficiency measures in historic buildingsnononononoyesno
        A2P025: High-performance new buildingsnonononoyesyesno
        A2P025: Smart Public infrastructure (e.g. smart lighting)noyesyesnonoyesno
        A2P025: Urban data platformsnoyesnononoyesno
        A2P025: Mobile applications for citizensnoyesnonoyesyesno
        A2P025: Building services (HVAC & Lighting)nonoyesyesyesyesyes
        A2P025: Smart irrigationnononononoyesno
        A2P025: Digital tracking for waste disposalnonoyesnonoyesno
        A2P025: Smart surveillancenoyesnonononono
        A2P025: Other
        A2P026: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Mobility
        A2P026: Efficiency of vehicles (public and/or private)noyesyesnonoyesno
        A2P026: Measures to reduce traffic volume (e.g. measure to support public transportation, shared mobility, measure to reduce journeys and distances)noyesnononoyesno
        A2P026: e-Mobilitynoyesyesnonoyesno
        A2P026: Soft mobility infrastructures and last mile solutionsnononononoyesno
        A2P026: Car-free areanononoyesnoyesno
        A2P026: Other
        A2P027: Mobility strategies - Additional notes
        A2P027: Mobility strategies - Additional notes
        A2P028: Energy efficiency certificates
        A2P028: Energy efficiency certificatesYesYesYesYesNo
        A2P028: If yes, please specify and/or enter notesEnergy Performance Certificate - in Greece it is mandatory in order to buy or rent a house or a dwellingThe Municipal Buildings have an energy certificate, according to the Portuguese legislation.In Spain it is mandatory the Energy Performance Certificate in order to buy or rent a house or a dwelling
        A2P029: Any other building / district certificates
        A2P029: Any other building / district certificatesNoNoNoNo
        A2P029: If yes, please specify and/or enter notes
        A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy
        A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy
        • Energy master planning (SECAP, etc.),
        • Promotion of energy communities (REC/CEC)
        • Energy master planning (SECAP, etc.)
        • Urban Renewal Strategies,
        • Energy master planning (SECAP, etc.),
        • Promotion of energy communities (REC/CEC),
        • Climate change adaption plan/strategy (e.g. Climate City contract)
        • Smart cities strategies,
        • New development strategies,
        • Promotion of energy communities (REC/CEC),
        • Climate change adaption plan/strategy (e.g. Climate City contract)
        • Smart cities strategies,
        • Energy master planning (SECAP, etc.),
        • Promotion of energy communities (REC/CEC),
        • Climate change adaption plan/strategy (e.g. Climate City contract),
        • National / international city networks addressing sustainable urban development and climate neutrality
        • Smart cities strategies,
        • Energy master planning (SECAP, etc.),
        • New development strategies,
        • Promotion of energy communities (REC/CEC),
        • Climate change adaption plan/strategy (e.g. Climate City contract),
        • National / international city networks addressing sustainable urban development and climate neutrality
        • Climate change adaption plan/strategy (e.g. Climate City contract),
        • National / international city networks addressing sustainable urban development and climate neutrality
        A3P002: Quantitative targets included in the city / national strategy
        A3P002: Quantitative targets included in the city / national strategy- Testing the combination of renewable technologies at district level. - Optimization of the generation side based on the weather forecasting and demand side. - Optimization of the control system, connected to the central node, to design and perform virtual analyses based on the combination of all the systems and infrastructures. - Optimization of ICT systems. - Design and management of a virtual analysis - Optimization of efficient measures: building performance, user´s behaviour… - Combination of flexible storage systems to operate the global installation.
        A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid
        A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid
        • Biogas,
        • Hydrogen
        • Other
        • Electrification of Heating System based on Heat Pumps,
        • Biogas,
        • Hydrogen
        • Electrification of Heating System based on Heat Pumps,
        • Electrification of Cooking Methods,
        • Biogas,
        • Hydrogen
        • Electrification of Heating System based on Heat Pumps
        A3P003: OtherAt a national level there are some studies regarding the decarbonization of the gas grid, but no concrete strategies so far.
        A3P004: Identification of needs and priorities
        A3P004: Identification of needs and priorities- Create a thermal energy storage tank to be used for air conditioning the buildings. - Some buildings need to be renovated both to increase the energy performance, the seismic behaviour and spaces liveability and comfort. - Optimizing the coupling between technologies. - Guarantee the flexibility to operate the renewable installations to operate in different phases and with different configurations. - CEDER is a public research center and needs to have connected any energy system to the same grid. - CEDER has an industrial develop area where some experimental thermal storage system could be tested.According to the model developed for the district, the electrification of heating and cooling is necessary with heat pumps. Rooftop photovoltaic panels also have the potential for renewable energy generation. Through net-metering practices, the district is expected to reach energy positivity through this scenario.
        A3P005: Sustainable behaviour
        A3P005: Sustainable behaviour- Minimize the building energy consumption while maintaining indoor comfort levels. - Onsite renewable production with flexible storage elements to fix demand side and generation side. - Flexible control solutions through digitalization systems.
        A3P006: Economic strategies
        A3P006: Economic strategies
        • Innovative business models,
        • PPP models,
        • Life Cycle Cost,
        • Existing incentives
        • Innovative business models,
        • PPP models,
        • Existing incentives
        • Demand management Living Lab
        • Open data business models,
        • Circular economy models
        • Innovative business models,
        • Life Cycle Cost,
        • Circular economy models,
        • Demand management Living Lab,
        • Local trading,
        • Existing incentives
        A3P006: Other
        A3P007: Social models
        A3P007: Social models
        • Strategies towards (local) community-building,
        • Co-creation / Citizen engagement strategies,
        • Behavioural Change / End-users engagement,
        • Citizen Social Research,
        • Policy Forums,
        • Social incentives,
        • Quality of Life,
        • Prevention of energy poverty,
        • Digital Inclusion,
        • Citizen/owner involvement in planning and maintenance,
        • Educational activities and trainings (including capacity building towards technology literacy, energy efficient behaviour)
        • Co-creation / Citizen engagement strategies,
        • Prevention of energy poverty,
        • Digital Inclusion,
        • Citizen/owner involvement in planning and maintenance,
        • Educational activities and trainings (including capacity building towards technology literacy, energy efficient behaviour)
        • Digital Inclusion,
        • Educational activities and trainings (including capacity building towards technology literacy, energy efficient behaviour)
        • Co-creation / Citizen engagement strategies,
        • Behavioural Change / End-users engagement,
        • Digital Inclusion,
        • Citizen/owner involvement in planning and maintenance
        • Strategies towards (local) community-building,
        • Co-creation / Citizen engagement strategies,
        • Behavioural Change / End-users engagement,
        • Citizen Social Research,
        • Social incentives,
        • Quality of Life,
        • Digital Inclusion,
        • Citizen/owner involvement in planning and maintenance,
        • Educational activities and trainings (including capacity building towards technology literacy, energy efficient behaviour)
        • Strategies towards (local) community-building,
        • Co-creation / Citizen engagement strategies,
        • Affordability
        A3P007: Other
        A3P008: Integrated urban strategies
        A3P008: Integrated urban strategies
        • Strategic urban planning,
        • City Vision 2050,
        • SECAP Updates
        • City Vision 2050,
        • SECAP Updates,
        • Building / district Certification
        • District Energy plans,
        • Building / district Certification
        • Strategic urban planning,
        • Digital twinning and visual 3D models,
        • SECAP Updates
        • Strategic urban planning,
        • Digital twinning and visual 3D models,
        • District Energy plans,
        • City Vision 2050,
        • SECAP Updates,
        • Building / district Certification
        • Digital twinning and visual 3D models,
        • District Energy plans
        A3P008: Other
        A3P009: Environmental strategies
        A3P009: Environmental strategies
        • Net zero carbon footprint,
        • Carbon-free,
        • Pollutants Reduction,
        • Greening strategies,
        • Sustainable Urban drainage systems (SUDS),
        • Nature Based Solutions (NBS)
        • Energy Neutral,
        • Net zero carbon footprint,
        • Pollutants Reduction
        • Energy Neutral,
        • Low Emission Zone,
        • Pollutants Reduction,
        • Greening strategies
        • Energy Neutral,
        • Net zero carbon footprint,
        • Carbon-free,
        • Greening strategies,
        • Sustainable Urban drainage systems (SUDS),
        • Nature Based Solutions (NBS)
        • Energy Neutral,
        • Life Cycle approach
        • Energy Neutral,
        • Low Emission Zone
        A3P009: OtherEnergy Positive, Low Emission Zone
        A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspects
        A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspects- European Commission has legislated on Energy Community (Renewable energy directive - 2018/2001/EU and Common rules for the internal electricity market directive- 2019/944/EU). - Spanish building certification is regulated through Royal Decree 235/2013.Regulatory sandbox
        B1P001: PED/PED relevant concept definition
        B1P001: PED/PED relevant concept definitionFunctional PEDÇamlık District, unlike many other districts in Ankara, has a specific urban morphology that draws near the other pilot zones considered by the partners of PED-ACT. The site has three-storey single housing units, along with a fair amount of greenery around. Furthermore, the roof areas enable large amounts of PV installment, which results in higher amounts of local renewable energy potential. Therefore, the district is a good fit for PED development.
        B1P002: Motivation behind PED/PED relevant project development
        B1P002: Motivation behind PED/PED relevant project developmentBrown field development of a former industrial neighbourhood into a low-carbon, smart Positive Energy District with mixed uses.PED-ACT project.
        B1P003: Environment of the case study area
        B2P003: Environment of the case study areaUrban areaRuralSuburban areaUrban areaSuburban area
        B1P004: Type of district
        B2P004: Type of district
        • Renovation
        • New construction
        • New construction
        • Renovation
        B1P005: Case Study Context
        B1P005: Case Study Context
        • Retrofitting Area
        • New Development
        • New Development
        • Retrofitting Area
        B1P006: Year of construction
        B1P006: Year of construction1986
        B1P007: District population before intervention - Residential
        B1P007: District population before intervention - Residential45000
        B1P008: District population after intervention - Residential
        B1P008: District population after intervention - Residential300
        B1P009: District population before intervention - Non-residential
        B1P009: District population before intervention - Non-residential
        B1P010: District population after intervention - Non-residential
        B1P010: District population after intervention - Non-residential
        B1P011: Population density before intervention
        B1P011: Population density before intervention0000000
        B1P012: Population density after intervention
        B1P012: Population density after intervention00001200
        B1P013: Building and Land Use before intervention
        B1P013: Residentialnoyesnonononoyes
        B1P013 - Residential: Specify the sqm [m²]50800
        B1P013: Officenonononononono
        B1P013 - Office: Specify the sqm [m²]
        B1P013: Industry and Utilitynononononoyesno
        B1P013 - Industry and Utility: Specify the sqm [m²]
        B1P013: Commercialnoyesnonononono
        B1P013 - Commercial: Specify the sqm [m²]
        B1P013: Institutionalnonononononono
        B1P013 - Institutional: Specify the sqm [m²]
        B1P013: Natural areasnoyesnonoyesnono
        B1P013 - Natural areas: Specify the sqm [m²]
        B1P013: Recreationalnoyesnonononono
        B1P013 - Recreational: Specify the sqm [m²]
        B1P013: Dismissed areasnonononononono
        B1P013 - Dismissed areas: Specify the sqm [m²]
        B1P013: Othernonononononono
        B1P013 - Other: Specify the sqm [m²]
        B1P014: Building and Land Use after intervention
        B1P014: Residentialnoyesnonoyesyesyes
        B1P014 - Residential: Specify the sqm [m²]50800
        B1P014: Officenononononoyesno
        B1P014 - Office: Specify the sqm [m²]
        B1P014: Industry and Utilitynonononononono
        B1P014 - Industry and Utility: Specify the sqm [m²]
        B1P014: Commercialnoyesnononoyesno
        B1P014 - Commercial: Specify the sqm [m²]
        B1P014: Institutionalnonononononono
        B1P014 - Institutional: Specify the sqm [m²]
        B1P014: Natural areasnoyesnonononono
        B1P014 - Natural areas: Specify the sqm [m²]
        B1P014: Recreationalnoyesnononoyesno
        B1P014 - Recreational: Specify the sqm [m²]
        B1P014: Dismissed areasnonononononono
        B1P014 - Dismissed areas: Specify the sqm [m²]
        B1P014: Othernonononononono
        B1P014 - Other: Specify the sqm [m²]
        B2P001: PED Lab concept definition
        B2P001: PED Lab concept definition
        B2P002: Installation life time
        B2P002: Installation life timePermanent installationCEDER will follow an integrative approach including technology for a permanent installation.
        B2P003: Scale of action
        B2P003: ScaleDistrictVirtualDistrict
        B2P004: Operator of the installation
        B2P004: Operator of the installationCM Maia, IPMAIA, NEW, AdEP.CIEMAT. Data detail in contact: mariano.martin@ciemat.es and oscar.izquiedo@ciemat.es
        B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materials
        B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materials
        B2P006: Circular Economy Approach
        B2P006: Do you apply any strategy to reuse and recycling the materials?NoNoNo
        B2P006: Other
        B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab
        B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab
        • Strategic
        • Strategic
        • Strategic
        B2P007: Other
        B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED Lab
        B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED LabMunicipalityMunicipalityResearch center/University
        B2P008: Other
        B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab
        B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab
        • Academia,
        • Private,
        • Industrial,
        • Citizens, public, NGO
        • Academia,
        • Private,
        • Industrial,
        • Citizens, public, NGO,
        • Other
        • Academia,
        • Industrial
        B2P009: OtherEnergy Agency
        B2P010: Synergies between the fields of activities
        B2P010: Synergies between the fields of activitiesThe operation of the laboratory with all the components of the energy networks requires a collaborative work between various departments and entities. On the one hand, it is necessary to optimize the operation of renewable systems based on the weather conditions, forecast of the demand side and the flexibility of the generation systems. On the other hand, the optimization of the energy demands through a more sustainable behaviour of both the building and the users want to be acquired. For this, it is necessary to take into account technical aspects but also market, comfort and encourage the user participation, creating a decision-making matrix that allows optimizing the operation of the global system.
        B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab
        B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab
        • Buildings,
        • Prosumers,
        • Renewable generation,
        • Energy networks,
        • Lighting,
        • E-mobility,
        • Green areas,
        • User interaction/participation,
        • Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
        • Buildings,
        • Demand-side management,
        • Prosumers,
        • Renewable generation,
        • Energy storage,
        • Efficiency measures,
        • Lighting,
        • E-mobility,
        • Information and Communication Technologies (ICT),
        • Ambient measures,
        • Social interactions
        • Buildings,
        • Demand-side management,
        • Prosumers,
        • Renewable generation,
        • Energy storage,
        • Energy networks,
        • Efficiency measures,
        • Information and Communication Technologies (ICT),
        • Ambient measures,
        • Social interactions
        B2P011: Other
        B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab
        B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab
        • Monitoring and evaluation infrastructure,
        • Pivoting and risk-mitigating measures
        • Monitoring and evaluation infrastructure,
        • Tools, spaces, events for testing and validation
        • Monitoring and evaluation infrastructure,
        • Tools for prototyping and modelling
        B2P013: Availability of the facilities for external people
        B2P013: Availability of the facilities for external peopleDepends on the building: _Tecmaia is open to the public but the buildings are for the exclusive use of companies allocated at the industrial site; _The municipal buildings have public access; _The residential buildings have an exclusive use for the residents.
        B2P014: Monitoring measures
        B2P014: Monitoring measures
        • Available data,
        • Life Cycle Analysis
        • Execution plan,
        • Available data,
        • Type of measured data
        • Equipment
        B2P015: Key Performance indicators
        B2P015: Key Performance indicators
        • Energy,
        • Sustainability,
        • Social,
        • Economical / Financial
        • Energy,
        • Environmental,
        • Social,
        • Economical / Financial
        • Energy,
        • Environmental,
        • Economical / Financial
        B2P016: Execution of operations
        B2P016: Execution of operationsCurrent PED status (WP5 SPARCS): Conceptualization and methodology definition of the (virtual) PED for Maia Municipality with real monitoring and assessment in order to replicate and scale up to a city-level PED. The financial investments were already targeted.
        B2P017: Capacities
        B2P017: Capacities_Energy production and storage, _Monitoring; _Digitization.- Innovative grid configuration to connect bio boilers and solar thermal on buildings. - Environmental & air quality evaluation. - Testing and evaluation of high efficient heating & cooling systems: Gas, biomass, geothermal and absorption H&C pumps … - Definition and implementation of the different regulation modes for the global system. Using the data from the research focused-partners, several regulation modes for the DH network could be defined and implemented in order to obtain an optimal operation of the network. - Innovation in MPC control to enable harvesting 100% renewables in the most efficient way. - Physical integration of the technologies with the existing facilities at the living lab. - Connection between the solar thermal collectors to achieve the lowest heat losses, providing the possibility to use the grid as high or low temperature DH, according to the demand schedule of the buildings. - Test the bio-boiler of the last generation and ultra-low emissions biomass condensing boiler in order to increase efficiency and reduce GHG and air pollutant emissions of the DH plant. - Control of the supply temperature of the DH grid to enable 100% renewables harvesting in the most efficient way. - Research of the incidence of a normal building or a bioclimatic building in the DH grid demand. - Methodologies for concept validation: Definition of the minimum requirements to verify the suitability of the solutions proposed. - Tests campaign: Experimental operation and characterization in a relevant environment, to exploit the technologies at their best and test different demand profiles, different configuration and loads, with real time monitoring and continuous commissioning to control the performance of the technology. - Validation and upgrading recommendation for the DH&C at district level. - Evaluation of innovation actions for potential energy interventions with demand response in buildings. - The complete available infrastructure (MV and LV electric systems, transformation hubs, end consumption, generation sources, communication elements, etc.) belongs to CEDER-CIEMAT, making this the perfect scenario to test and try the performance of “Smart Grid” and “Microgrid” projects. - The type of electric grid, its voltage levels (MV or LV), its variety of real loads (different buildings with different profiles: industrial buildings, offices and so on) and its sources of renewable generation and storage, mean it is ideal for intermediate tests between a small-scale laboratory and final deployment of the real product.
        B2P018: Relations with stakeholders
        B2P018: Relations with stakeholdersThe relationship with stakeholders (municipal companies, industry, citizens, etc) has been fundamental for the definition of the PED. In this sense, some sessions were organized to gather different points of view in order to trace the best path for the PED. Also, the participation of Maia Municipality in EU projects, as EHHUR and OMEGA-X, makes possible the share of knowledge between different partners.CEDER - CIEMAT is a public research body assigned to the Ministry of Science and Innovation under the General Secretariat for Research, focusing on energy and environment. To develop this lab CIEMAT has relations with private renewable companies, research centers and academia institutions.
        B2P019: Available tools
        B2P019: Available tools
        • Social models
        • Energy modelling,
        • Social models,
        • Business and financial models,
        • Fundraising and accessing resources,
        • Matching actors
        • Energy modelling
        B2P019: Available tools
        B2P020: External accessibility
        B2P020: External accessibilityCIEMAT is a public body, so it´s open to any institution according the actual regulation and agreements.
        C1P001: Unlocking Factors
        C1P001: Recent technological improvements for on-site RES production5 - Very important3 - Moderately important4 - Important2 - Slightly important4 - Important4 - Important5 - Very important
        C1P001: Innovative, integrated, prefabricated packages for buildings envelope / Energy efficiency of building stock5 - Very important4 - Important4 - Important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important2 - Slightly important
        C1P001: Energy Communities, P2P, Prosumers concepts5 - Very important3 - Moderately important4 - Important5 - Very important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant
        C1P001: Storage systems and E-mobility market penetration2 - Slightly important4 - Important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant
        C1P001: Decreasing costs of innovative materials4 - Important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important5 - Very important
        C1P001: Financial mechanisms to reduce costs and maximize benefits4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important4 - Important
        C1P001: The ability to predict Multiple Benefits3 - Moderately important4 - Important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important4 - Important
        C1P001: The ability to predict the distribution of benefits and impacts4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important
        C1P001: Citizens improved awareness and engagement on sustainable energy issues (bottom-up)5 - Very important4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important
        C1P001: Social acceptance (top-down)5 - Very important4 - Important4 - Important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
        C1P001: Improved local and national policy frameworks (i.e. incentives, laws etc.)3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important4 - Important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important2 - Slightly important4 - Important
        C1P001: Presence of integrated urban strategies and plans3 - Moderately important5 - Very important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important
        C1P001: Multidisciplinary approaches available for systemic integration3 - Moderately important4 - Important4 - Important2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important4 - Important4 - Important
        C1P001: Availability of grants (from EC or other donors) to finance the PED Lab projects4 - Important5 - Very important4 - Important5 - Very important4 - Important4 - Important5 - Very important
        C1P001: Availability of RES on site (Local RES)4 - Important4 - Important5 - Very important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important4 - Important
        C1P001: Ongoing or established collaboration on Public Private Partnership among key stakeholders4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important2 - Slightly important5 - Very important
        C1P001: Any other UNLOCKING FACTORS1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
        C1P001: Any other UNLOCKING FACTORS (if any)
        C1P002: Driving Factors
        C1P002: Climate Change adaptation need4 - Important5 - Very important5 - Very important4 - Important5 - Very important5 - Very important5 - Very important
        C1P002: Climate Change mitigation need (local RES production and efficiency)5 - Very important5 - Very important4 - Important5 - Very important5 - Very important5 - Very important5 - Very important
        C1P002: Rapid urbanization trend and need of urban expansions1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important3 - Moderately important4 - Important
        C1P002: Urban re-development of existing built environment3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important4 - Important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important5 - Very important
        C1P002: Economic growth need2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important4 - Important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
        C1P002: Improved local environmental quality (air, noise, aesthetics, etc.)3 - Moderately important4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important3 - Moderately important4 - Important3 - Moderately important
        C1P002: Territorial and market attractiveness2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important4 - Important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important4 - Important5 - Very important
        C1P002: Energy autonomy/independence5 - Very important4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important2 - Slightly important5 - Very important
        C1P002: Any other DRIVING FACTOR1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
        C1P002: Any other DRIVING FACTOR (if any)
        C1P003: Administrative barriers
        C1P003: Difficulty in the coordination of high number of partners and authorities4 - Important4 - Important5 - Very important4 - Important4 - Important2 - Slightly important4 - Important
        C1P003: Lack of good cooperation and acceptance among partners3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important4 - Important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
        C1P003: Lack of public participation3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important5 - Very important
        C1P003: Lack of institutions/mechanisms to disseminate information3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important
        C1P003:Long and complex procedures for authorization of project activities5 - Very important5 - Very important5 - Very important5 - Very important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
        C1P003: Time consuming requirements by EC or other donors concerning reporting and accountancy4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
        C1P003: Complicated and non-comprehensive public procurement4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
        C1P003: Fragmented and or complex ownership structure3 - Moderately important5 - Very important5 - Very important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important5 - Very important
        C1P003: City administration & cross-sectoral attitude/approaches (silos)3 - Moderately important5 - Very important5 - Very important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important5 - Very important
        C1P003: Lack of internal capacities to support energy transition3 - Moderately important4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
        C1P003: Any other Administrative BARRIER1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
        C1P003: Any other Administrative BARRIER (if any)
        C1P004: Policy barriers
        C1P004: Lack of long-term and consistent energy plans and policies4 - Important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important
        C1P004: Lacking or fragmented local political commitment and support on the long term4 - Important2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
        C1P004: Lack of Cooperation & support between national-regional-local entities3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
        C1P004: Any other Political BARRIER1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
        C1P004: Any other Political BARRIER (if any)
        C1P005: Legal and Regulatory barriers
        C1P005: Inadequate regulations for new technologies4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important5 - Very important
        C1P005: Regulatory instability3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important4 - Important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important5 - Very important
        C1P005: Non-effective regulations4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important2 - Slightly important5 - Very important
        C1P005: Unfavorable local regulations for innovative technologies3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important4 - Important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important5 - Very important
        C1P005: Building code and land-use planning hindering innovative technologies4 - Important2 - Slightly important4 - Important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important
        C1P005: Insufficient or insecure financial incentives4 - Important3 - Moderately important4 - Important3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant
        C1P005: Unresolved privacy concerns and limiting nature of privacy protection regulation4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important
        C1P005: Shortage of proven and tested solutions and examples2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important
        C1P005: Any other Legal and Regulatory BARRIER1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
        C1P005: Any other Legal and Regulatory BARRIER (if any)laws favouring big energy companies
        C1P006: Environmental barriers
        C1P006: Environmental barriers3 - Moderately important- Climate Variability: 5 - Topographical Constraints: 4 - Sunlight Availability: 5 - Air and Water Pollution: 2 - Water Scarcity: 1 - Environmental Regulations: 3 - Zoning Restrictions: 2 - Natural Disasters: 1
        C1P007: Technical barriers
        C1P007: Lack of skilled and trained personnel4 - Important3 - Moderately important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
        C1P007: Deficient planning3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important
        C1P007: Retrofitting work in dwellings in occupied state4 - Important5 - Very important4 - Important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important5 - Very important
        C1P007: Lack of well-defined process4 - Important3 - Moderately important4 - Important2 - Slightly important4 - Important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant
        C1P007: Inaccuracy in energy modelling and simulation4 - Important2 - Slightly important4 - Important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
        C1P007: Lack/cost of computational scalability4 - Important3 - Moderately important4 - Important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important
        C1P007: Grid congestion, grid instability4 - Important2 - Slightly important4 - Important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important3 - Moderately important
        C1P007: Negative effects of project intervention on the natural environment3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
        C1P007: Energy retrofitting work in dense and/or historical urban environment5 - Very important1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
        C1P007: Difficult definition of system boundaries3 - Moderately important5 - Very important4 - Important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important4 - Important
        C1P007: Any other Thecnical BARRIER1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
        C1P007: Any other Thecnical BARRIER (if any)
        C1P008: Social and Cultural barriers
        C1P008: Inertia4 - Important4 - Important3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
        C1P008: Lack of values and interest in energy optimization measurements5 - Very important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
        C1P008: Low acceptance of new projects and technologies5 - Very important2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important4 - Important
        C1P008: Difficulty of finding and engaging relevant actors5 - Very important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
        C1P008: Lack of trust beyond social network4 - Important2 - Slightly important4 - Important4 - Important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
        C1P008: Rebound effect4 - Important3 - Moderately important4 - Important2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
        C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards environmentalism5 - Very important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
        C1P008: Exclusion of socially disadvantaged groups2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
        C1P008: Non-energy issues are more important and urgent for actors3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important4 - Important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
        C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards energy collaboration3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important4 - Important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important
        C1P008: Any other Social BARRIER1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
        C1P008: Any other Social BARRIER (if any)
        C1P009: Information and Awareness barriers
        C1P009: Insufficient information on the part of potential users and consumers3 - Moderately important4 - Important2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important4 - Important3 - Moderately important
        C1P009: Perception of interventions as complicated and expensive, with negative socio-economic or environmental impacts3 - Moderately important4 - Important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important5 - Very important
        C1P009: Lack of awareness among authorities2 - Slightly important4 - Important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important
        C1P009: Information asymmetry causing power asymmetry of established actors3 - Moderately important4 - Important2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important4 - Important5 - Very important
        C1P009: High costs of design, material, construction, and installation5 - Very important4 - Important4 - Important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important
        C1P009: Any other Information and Awareness BARRIER1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
        C1P009: Any other Information and Awareness BARRIER (if any)
        C1P010: Financial barriers
        C1P010: Hidden costs5 - Very important4 - Important2 - Slightly important4 - Important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important
        C1P010: Insufficient external financial support and funding for project activities5 - Very important4 - Important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
        C1P010: Economic crisis3 - Moderately important4 - Important3 - Moderately important4 - Important4 - Important5 - Very important
        C1P010: Risk and uncertainty4 - Important4 - Important2 - Slightly important5 - Very important4 - Important4 - Important
        C1P010: Lack of consolidated and tested business models3 - Moderately important4 - Important2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important
        C1P010: Limited access to capital and cost disincentives4 - Important4 - Important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
        C1P010: Any other Financial BARRIER1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
        C1P010: Any other Financial BARRIER (if any)
        C1P011: Market barriers
        C1P011: Split incentives4 - Important5 - Very important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important5 - Very important
        C1P011: Energy price distortion3 - Moderately important4 - Important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important4 - Important
        C1P011: Energy market concentration, gatekeeper actors (DSOs)4 - Important4 - Important2 - Slightly important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important
        C1P011: Any other Market BARRIER1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant
        C1P011: Any other Market BARRIER (if any)
        C1P012: Stakeholders involved
        C1P012: Government/Public Authorities
        • Planning/leading,
        • Design/demand aggregation,
        • Construction/implementation,
        • Monitoring/operation/management
        • Planning/leading,
        • Design/demand aggregation,
        • Construction/implementation,
        • Monitoring/operation/management
        • Planning/leading
        • Monitoring/operation/management
        C1P012: Research & Innovation
        • Planning/leading,
        • Design/demand aggregation,
        • Construction/implementation,
        • Monitoring/operation/management
        • Design/demand aggregation
        • Planning/leading,
        • Construction/implementation,
        • Monitoring/operation/management
        • Monitoring/operation/management
        C1P012: Financial/Funding
        • Design/demand aggregation,
        • Construction/implementation
        • None
        • Construction/implementation
        C1P012: Analyst, ICT and Big Data
        • Planning/leading,
        • Monitoring/operation/management
        • Monitoring/operation/management
        • Design/demand aggregation,
        • Monitoring/operation/management
        • Construction/implementation
        C1P012: Business process management
        • Planning/leading
        • Construction/implementation,
        • Monitoring/operation/management
        • Planning/leading,
        • Construction/implementation
        C1P012: Urban Services providers
        • Construction/implementation
        • Planning/leading
        • Planning/leading,
        • Design/demand aggregation,
        • Monitoring/operation/management
        C1P012: Real Estate developers
        • None
        • None
        • Planning/leading,
        • Construction/implementation
        C1P012: Design/Construction companies
        • Planning/leading,
        • Design/demand aggregation,
        • Construction/implementation
        • Construction/implementation
        • Planning/leading,
        • Construction/implementation
        C1P012: End‐users/Occupants/Energy Citizens
        • Planning/leading,
        • Design/demand aggregation,
        • Construction/implementation,
        • Monitoring/operation/management
        • Monitoring/operation/management
        • None
        • Design/demand aggregation
        C1P012: Social/Civil Society/NGOs
        • Planning/leading,
        • Design/demand aggregation,
        • Construction/implementation,
        • Monitoring/operation/management
        • None
        • None
        C1P012: Industry/SME/eCommerce
        • Planning/leading,
        • Design/demand aggregation,
        • Construction/implementation,
        • Monitoring/operation/management
        • Construction/implementation,
        • Monitoring/operation/management
        • Planning/leading,
        • Design/demand aggregation,
        • Construction/implementation,
        • Monitoring/operation/management
        • Construction/implementation
        C1P012: Other
        C1P012: Other (if any)
        Summary

        Authors (framework concept)

        Beril Alpagut (Demir Energy); Giulia Turci (University of Bologna); Michal Kuzmic (Czech Technical University in Prague); Paolo Civiero (Università Roma Tre); Serena Pagliulia (University of Bologna); Oscar Seco (CIEMAT); Silvia Soutullo (CIEMAT); Daniele Vettorato (EURAC Research, IEA Annex 83); Bailador Ferreras M. Almudena (CIEMAT); Vicky Albert-Seifried (FHG ISE)

        Contributors (to the content)

        Laura Aelenei (LNEG), Nienke Maas (TNO), Savis Gohari (OsloMet), Andras Reith (ABUD), Ghazal Etminan (AIT), Maria-Beatrice Andreucci (Universita Sapienza), Francesco Reda (VTT, IEA Annex 83), Mari Hukkalainen (VTT), Judith-Borsboom (Locality), Gilda Massa (ENEA), Jelena Ziemele (University of Latvia), Nikola Pokorny (CVUT), Sergio Diaz de Garayo Balsategui (CENER, IEA Annex 83), Matthias Haaze (ZHAW, IEA Annex 83), Christoph Gollner (FFG, JPI UE), Silvia Bossi (ENEA, JPI UE), Christian Winzer (Zurich University of Applied Science), George Martinopoulos (Centre for Research and Technology Hellas), Maria Nuria Sánchez (CIEMAT), Angelina Tomova (Energy Agency of Plovdiv)

        Implemented by

        Boutik.pt: Filipe Martins, Jamal Khan
        Marek Suchánek (Czech Technical University in Prague)

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        PED-EU-NET

        The COST Action Positive Energy Districts European Network (PED-EU-NET) aims to mobilise researchers and other relevant stakeholders across different domains and sectors to drive the deployment of Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) in Europe through open sharing of knowledge, exchange of ideas, pooling of resources, experimentation of new methods and co-creation of novel solutions.

        Action Details

        Grant Holder
        Department of Planning, Design, Technology of Architecture, Sapienza University of Rome

        Start of Action: 10 September 2020
        End of Action: 09 September 2024
        CSO approval date: 24/03/2020

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