| Name | Project | Type | Compare |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tartu, Estonia | V2G-QUESTS | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Utrecht, the Netherlands (District of Kanaleneiland) | V2G-QUESTS | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Aveiro, Portugal | V2G-QUESTS | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Győr Geothermal District Heating Project | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Jacobs Borchs Gate, Drammen | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Dietenbach, Freiburg im Breisgau | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| SmartEnCity, Lecce | SmartEnCity – Towards Smart Zero CO2 Cities across Europe | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| STARDUST, Trento | STARDUST – Holistic and Integrated Urban Model for Smart Cities | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Klimatkontrakt Hyllie, Malmö | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| EnStadt:Pfaff, Kaiserslautern | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare | |
| mySMARTlife, Helsinki | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| REPLICATE (pilot action in the Novoli-Cascine district on “le PIagge” buildings), Firenze | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Sinfonia, Bolzano | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Hunziker Areal, Zürich | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Hammarby Sjöstad 2.0, | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Sharing Cities, Milano | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| District Heating Pozo Barredo, Mieres | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Cityfied (demo Linero), Lund | PED Relevant Case Study | Uncompare | |
| Smart Otaniemi, Espoo | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare | |
| Zukunftsquartier, Vienna | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Santa Chiara Open Lab, Trento | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Barrio La Pinada, Paterna | PED Case Study / PED Lab | Compare | |
| Zero Village Bergen (ZVB) | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Võru +CityxChange | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| NTNU Campus within the Knowledge Axis, Trondheim | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Furuset project, Oslo | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Laser Valley – Land of Lights | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Ydalir project | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| NyBy – Ny Flyplass (New City – New Airport) | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Fornebu, Bærum | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Fleuraye west, Carquefou | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Smart Energy Åland | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Romania, Alba Iulia PED | ASCEND – Accelerate poSitive Clean ENergy Districts | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Romania, Alba Iulia PED | InterPED – INTERoperable cloud-based solution for cross-vector planning and management of Positive Energy Districts | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Munich, Harthof district | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Lublin | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Uncompare |
| Roubaix, MustBe0 – Résidence Philippe le Hardi – 125 Rue d’Oran | CULTURAL-E – Climate and cultural-based solutions for Plus Energy Buildings | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Bærum, Eiksveien 116 | CULTURAL-E – Climate and cultural-based solutions for Plus Energy Buildings | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Findhorn, the Park | InterPED – INTERoperable cloud-based solution for cross-vector planning and management of Positive Energy Districts | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Amsterdam, Buiksloterham PED | ATELIER – AmsTErdam BiLbao cItizen drivEn smaRt cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Schönbühel-Aggsbach, Schönbühel an der Donau | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Umeå, Ålidhem district | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Aalborg East | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Uncompare | |
| Ankara, Çamlık District | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study | Uncompare |
| Trenčín | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Luxembourg, Betzdorf | LEGOFIT – Adaptable technological solutions based on early design actions for the construction and renovation of Energy Positive Homes | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Vantaa, Aviapolis | NEUTRALPATH – Pathway towards Climate-Neutrality through low risky and fully replicable Positive Clean Energy Districts | PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Uncompare |
| Vidin, Himik and Bononia | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Oslo, Verksbyen | Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Uden, Loopkantstraat | Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Zaragoza, Actur | NEUTRALPATH – Pathway towards Climate-Neutrality through low risky and fully replicable Positive Clean Energy Districts | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Aarhus, Brabrand | BIPED – Building Intelligent Positive Energy Districts | PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Riga, Ķīpsala, RTU smart student city | ExPEDite – Enabling Positive Energy Districts through Digital Twins | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Izmir, District of Karşıyaka | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Istanbul, Ozyegin University Campus | LEGOFIT – Adaptable technological solutions based on early design actions for the construction and renovation of Energy Positive Homes | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Espoo, Kera | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Borlänge, Rymdgatan’s Residential Portfolio | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Freiburg, Waldsee | PED urban – Development of methods and tools for accounting, planning and operation of climate-neutral district | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Innsbruck, Campagne-Areal | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Graz, Reininghausgründe | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Stor-Elvdal, Campus Evenstad | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Relevant Case Study | Uncompare |
| Oulu, Kaukovainio | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Halmstad, Fyllinge | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Lund, Brunnshög district | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Vienna, Am Kempelenpark | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Évora, Portugal | POCITYF – A POsitive Energy CITY Transformation Framework | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Kladno, Sletiště (Sport Area), PED Winter Stadium | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Groningen, PED South | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Lab | Compare |
| Groningen, PED North | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Lab | |
| Maia, Sobreiro Social Housing | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Lab | Compare |
| Lubia (Soria), CEDER-CIEMAT | PED Lab | Uncompare | |
| Tampere, Ilokkaanpuisto district | STARDUST – Holistic and Integrated Urban Model for Smart Cities | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Leon, Former Sugar Factory district | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Istanbul, Kadikoy district, Caferaga | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Espoo, Leppävaara district, Sello center | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Espoo, Espoonlahti district, Lippulaiva block | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Case Study | Uncompare |
| Salzburg, Gneis district | Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet | Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Tartu, City centre area | SmartEnCity – Towards Smart Zero CO2 Cities across Europe | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Bologna, Pilastro-Roveri district | GRETA – GReen Energy Transition Actions | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Barcelona, SEILAB & Energy SmartLab | PED Lab | Compare | |
| Leipzig, Baumwollspinnerei district | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Kifissia, Energy community | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Title | Groningen, PED North | Aalborg East, Aalborg Municipality, Region of Northern Jutland, Denmark | Lublin | Vantaa, Aviapolis | Ankara, Çamlık District | Lubia (Soria), CEDER-CIEMAT | City of Espoo, Espoonlahti district, Lippulaiva block | Cityfied (demo Linero), Lund | Stor-Elvdal, Campus Evenstad |
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| A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED Lab | |||||||||
| A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED Lab | Groningen, PED North | Aalborg East, Aalborg Municipality, Region of Northern Jutland, Denmark | Lublin | Vantaa, Aviapolis | Ankara, Çamlık District | Lubia (Soria), CEDER-CIEMAT | City of Espoo, Espoonlahti district, Lippulaiva block | Cityfied (demo Linero), Lund | Stor-Elvdal, Campus Evenstad |
| A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet | |||||||||
| A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet |
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| A1P003: Categorisation of the PED site | |||||||||
| PED case study | no | no | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | no | no |
| PED relevant case study | no | yes | no | yes | yes | no | no | yes | yes |
| PED Lab. | yes | yes | no | yes | no | yes | no | no | no |
| A1P004: Targets of the PED case study / PED Lab | |||||||||
| Climate neutrality | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | no | yes | yes |
| Annual energy surplus | yes | no | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | yes |
| Energy community | yes | no | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| Circularity | yes | no | yes | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| Air quality and urban comfort | no | no | yes | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| Electrification | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| Net-zero energy cost | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| Net-zero emission | yes | no | yes | no | yes | yes | no | yes | no |
| Self-sufficiency (energy autonomous) | no | no | yes | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| Maximise self-sufficiency | no | yes | yes | no | yes | no | yes | no | no |
| Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | yes |
| Other (A1P004) | Social aspects/affordability | Energy-flexibility | |||||||
| A1P005: Phase of the PED case study / PED Lab | |||||||||
| A1P005: Project Phase of your case study/PED Lab | Implementation Phase | Planning Phase | Planning Phase | Planning Phase | Planning Phase | Implementation Phase | In operation | Completed | In operation |
| A1P006: Start Date | |||||||||
| A1P006: Start date | 12/18 | 11/22 | 01/23 | 10/22 | 11/19 | 06/18 | 01/14 | 01/13 | |
| A1P007: End Date | |||||||||
| A1P007: End date | 12/23 | 11/25 | 12/27 | 09/25 | 12/23 | 03/22 | 12/19 | 12/24 | |
| A1P008: Reference Project | |||||||||
| A1P008: Reference Project | |||||||||
| A1P009: Data availability | |||||||||
| A1P009: Data availability |
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| A1P009: Other | |||||||||
| A1P010: Sources | |||||||||
| Any publication, link to website, deliverable referring to the PED/PED Lab |
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| A1P011: Geographic coordinates | |||||||||
| X Coordinate (longitude): | 6.535121 | 10.007 | 22.5684 | 24.958821 | 32.795369 | -2.508 | 24.6543 | 13.243375 | 11.078770773531746 |
| Y Coordinate (latitude): | 53.234846 | 57.041028 | 51.2465 | 60.305488 | 39.881812 | 41.603 | 60.1491 | 55.699223 | 61.42604420399112 |
| A1P012: Country | |||||||||
| A1P012: Country | Netherlands | Denmark | Poland | Finland | Turkey | Spain | Finland | Sweden | Norway |
| A1P013: City | |||||||||
| A1P013: City | Groningen | Aalborg | Lublin | Vantaa | Ankara | Lubia - Soria | Espoo | Lund | Evenstad, Stor-Elvdal municipality |
| A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification) | |||||||||
| A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification). | Cfa | Dfb | Cfb | Dfb | Dsb | Cfb | Dfb | Cfb | Dwc |
| A1P015: District boundary | |||||||||
| A1P015: District boundary | Functional | Virtual | Geographic | Geographic | Geographic | Geographic | Geographic | Geographic | |
| Other | |||||||||
| A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab | |||||||||
| A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab: | Mixed | Public | Private | Mixed | Private | Public | Private | Mixed | Public |
| A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure | |||||||||
| A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure: | Multiple Owners | Multiple Owners | Multiple Owners | Multiple Owners | Multiple Owners | Single Owner | Single Owner | Multiple Owners | Single Owner |
| A1P018: Number of buildings in PED | |||||||||
| A1P018: Number of buildings in PED | 7 | 5 | 257 | 6 | 9 | 22 | |||
| A1P019: Conditioned space | |||||||||
| A1P019: Conditioned space [m²] | 1.01 | 21664.73 | 22600 | 112000 | 10000 | ||||
| A1P020: Total ground area | |||||||||
| A1P020: Total ground area [m²] | 17.132 | 31308000 | 72833.47 | 3881000 | 50800 | 6400000 | 165000 | 80000 | |
| A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area | |||||||||
| A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| A1P022: Financial schemes | |||||||||
| A1P022a: Financing - PRIVATE - Real estate | yes | no | no | yes | no | no | yes | no | no |
| A1P022a: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||||
| A1P022b: Financing - PRIVATE - ESCO scheme | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022b: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||||
| A1P022c: Financing - PRIVATE - Other | yes | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022c: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||||
| A1P022d: Financing - PUBLIC - EU structural funding | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022d: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||||
| A1P022e: Financing - PUBLIC - National funding | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes |
| A1P022e: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||||
| A1P022f: Financing - PUBLIC - Regional funding | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022f: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||||
| A1P022g: Financing - PUBLIC - Municipal funding | yes | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022g: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||||
| A1P022h: Financing - PUBLIC - Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no |
| A1P022h: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||||
| A1P022i: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - EU | yes | no | no | yes | yes | no | yes | no | no |
| A1P022i: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | 308875 | ||||||||
| A1P022j: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - National | no | yes | no | no | yes | yes | no | no | yes |
| A1P022j: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||||
| A1P022k: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - Local/regional | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| A1P022k: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||||
| A1P022l: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no |
| A1P022l: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||||
| A1P022: Other | Multiple different funding schemes depending on the development site within the District and Lab. | ||||||||
| A1P023: Economic Targets | |||||||||
| A1P023: Economic Targets |
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| A1P023: Other | |||||||||
| A1P024: More comments: | |||||||||
| A1P024: More comments: | Lublin PED Area is geographically bounded and the ambition is to reach Self-Sufficiency. There is a shopping centre with a large rooftop area for solar generation and there are also an empty lot (just on the east side of the building) and a carpark area (on the north side) next to the commercial centre. These areas can also be evaluated for on-site (on the ground – or canopies for cars) energy generation. There are also new built (mainly in 2012) residential blocks with high efficiency and this district is so-called an “eco-district”. Thanks to the District Heating Grid (DHN), all buildings are connected to each other the network has potential for sharing mechanisms in the PED Area. Another opportunity for renewable energy is that these buildings are connected to more or less the end point of DHN and for this reason, a waste heat potential from the return pipe may also be considered. There are also small size residentials, that are not connected to the DHN, around the PED area and this enlightened the technical team for exporting energy from PED to these areas with a new infrastructure. | The urban morphology of Çamlık District differs in several ways, compared with the typical urban fabric in Türkiye, along with the capital city of Ankara. The houses on the site are composed of three-story attached single-housing units with multiple rows, creating a total of 257 housing units in total. Low-rise buildings coupled with suitably oriented rooftop surfaces brings about significant advantages in the site. Dense greenery in the site also results in reduced cooling energy demand in the buildings. | The Centre for the Development of Renewable Energy (CEDER)is specialized in applied research, development and promotion of renewable energy. Among the facilities of this Centre, the urban laboratory CEDER-CIEMAT assess the performance of different configurations of energy networks at the district level. This PED-Lab infrastructure is an energy district that connects six office buildings with energy generation installations by means of two energy rings: electrical grid (in operation phase) and thermal network (in the implementation phase). The buildings of this PED Lab can act as energy demanders or suppliers depending on the climatic and operational conditions. The majority of these buildings are constructed with conventional technologies but some of them are implemented with efficient and sustainable measures. The thermal network is composed by two biomass boilers, 300 kW power each, and water tanks with 90 kWh of thermal storage. This network will shortly be expanded with a low temperature (90°C) and high temperature (150°-250°C) rings. The low-temperature ring is made up by two Stirling engine cogeneration boilers (one biomass gasification boiler and one gas boiler). The high-temperature ring has a thermal generator made up of Fresnel solar concentrators and an ORC cogeneration system fed directly from the solar concentrator. The high-temperature ring is interconnected with the low-temperature ring through an oil/water heat exchanger. This network has thermal storage systems in the modalities of: aquifers, boreholes, phase change materials, cold storage with geothermal exchange ground recovery and thermal storage at very low temperature with zeolites. The electrical grid incorporates different renewable generation technologies (50 kW wind turbine and eight different photovoltaic systems, a reversible hydraulic system), and engine generator of 100 kVA, electricity storages (batteries) and flexible loads. | The Espoonlahti district is located on the south-western coast of Espoo. With 56,000 inhabitants, it is the second largest of the Espoo city centres. The number of inhabitants is estimated to grow to 70,000 within the next 10 years. Espoonlahti will be a future transit hub of the south-western Espoo, along the metro line, and the increasing stream of passengers provides a huge potential for retail, business and residential developments. E-mobility solutions and last-mile services have strong potential in the area when subway extension is finished and running. The extensive (re)development of the Lippulaiva blocks make a benchmark catering to the everyday needs of residents. The completely new shopping centre is a state-of-the-art cross point with 20,000 daily customers and 10,000 daily commuters (3.5 million/year). The new underground metro line and station, and feeder line bus terminal, are fully integrated. Residential housing of approximately 550 new apartments will be built on top. Lippulaiva is a large traffic hub, directly connected to public transport and right next to the Länsiväylä highway and extensive cycle paths. Lippulaiva offers diverse, mixed-use services, such as a shopping mall, public services, a day care centre, residential apartment buildings, and underground parking facilities. Lippulaiva received the LEED Gold environmental certificate and Smart Building Gold certificate. • Flagship of sustainability • Cooling and heating demand from geothermal energy system (on-site) with energy storage system, 4 MW • PV panels: roof and façade, 630 kWp • Smart control strategies for electricity and thermal energy, smart microgrid-system and battery storage • Charging capacity for 134 EVs | |||||
| A1P025: Estimated PED case study / PED LAB costs | |||||||||
| A1P025: Estimated PED case study / PED LAB costs [mil. EUR] | |||||||||
| Contact person for general enquiries | |||||||||
| A1P026: Name | Jasper Tonen, Elisabeth Koops | Kristian Olesen | Dorota Wolińska-Pietrzak | Eira Linko | Prof. Dr. İpek Gürsel DİNO | Dr. Raquel Ramos | Elina Ekelund | Christoph Gollner | Åse Lekang Sørensen |
| A1P027: Organization | Municipality of Groningen | Aalborg University | Lublin Municipality | City of Vantaa | Middle East Technical University | Centre for the Development of Renewable Energy (CEDER) - Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology Research (CIEMAT) | Citycon Oyj | FFG | SINTEF / The Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods (ZEN) in Smart Cities |
| A1P028: Affiliation | Municipality / Public Bodies | Research Center / University | Municipality / Public Bodies | Municipality / Public Bodies | Research Center / University | Research Center / University | SME / Industry | Other | Research Center / University |
| A1P028: Other | |||||||||
| A1P029: Email | Jasper.tonen@groningen.nl | Kristian@plan.aau.dk | dwolinska@lublin.eu | eira.linko@vantaa.fi | ipekg@metu.edu.tr | raquel.ramos@ciemat.es | Elina.ekelund@citycon.com | christoph.gollner@ffg.at | ase.sorensen@sintef.no |
| Contact person for other special topics | |||||||||
| A1P030: Name | Alex Søgaard Moreno | Assoc. Prof. Onur Taylan | Dr. Oscar Seco | Elina Ekelund | |||||
| A1P031: Email | asm@aalborg.dk | otaylan@metu.edu.tr | oscar.seco@ciemat.es | Elina.ekelund@citycon.com | |||||
| Pursuant to the General Data Protection Regulation | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| A2P001: Fields of application | |||||||||
| A2P001: Fields of application |
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| A2P001: Other | |||||||||
| A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fields | |||||||||
| A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fields | Energy efficiency: - buildings energy retrofit supported by tax bonuses - replacing heat supply technologies Energy production: - installation of new (PV) systems for renewable on-site energy production; - presence of a large PV plant in the South East (2 solar parks: 12MW and 107MW) and North area (0,4 MW) Energy flexibility: - energy storage solutions, battery storage and possible hydrogen production - GRID balancing services E-mobility - Installation of new charging stations for electric vehicles; Urban Management - make use of the organizational structure Waste Management - circular use of municipal waste streams | Stakeholder engagement, expert energy system analysis, future scenarios | SEE: D4.1 - Methodology and Guidelines for PED design https://makingcity.eu/results/#1551708358627-aefa76ef-66b2 | Pilot collaboration with landowners. Carbon footprint assessment and planning guidelines in zoning planning. Green infrastructure requirements. Examples of considered energy solutions: waste heat recovery and utilization, geothermal, air-water heat pumps, district heating return water, photovoltaics, A-class energy efficiency, smart control and monitoring, energy storages, E-mobility above national requirements, cooling | The energy consumption and efficiency of the energy model of Çamlık Site, created using EnergyPlus software, have been evaluated under the scenarios specified below. At each stage, a new system was incorporated to explore the potential of the area becoming a PED. In this context, four scenarios were created to compare different energy scenarios for the Ankara pilot area and to observe the impact of the included systems on energy efficiency: V_base; V_ER; V_ER,HP; V_ER,HP,PV. The basic scenario (V_base) was created using the current state without any improvement to the building envelope. This scenario was developed to determine the annual energy needs of the entire site without any intervention and serves as a reference point for the other developed models. The second scenario (V_ER) was created to improve the building envelopes of all residential units in the area, altering the U-values according to Türkiye's current building standards (TS-825). The third scenario (V_ER,HP) primarily includes a heat pump model that can use electrical energy to produce higher thermal energy and is added on top of the improvements in the second scenario. Finally, the V_ER,HP,PV scenario combines building envelope improvements, the heat pump, and the solar PV system. | Energy efficiency: - Buildings energy retrofit. Energy production: - Biomass Boiler capacity: 0.6 MW. Annual production: 1.2 GWh - Solar thermal collectors: 70 kW, planned extended to: 0.47MW - Geotermal & Absorption Pumps: 100 kW - Share of renewables after extension: 100% (30% solar thermal and 70% biomass) - AOC 50kW wind turbine. Awaiting installation of a two-way AC-AC converter for subsequent connection to the grid - Bornay Inclin 3 kW wind turbine, connected to 24 Vdc batteries, to be connected to the grid by means of Xantrex inverter/charger - 9kW photovoltaic park (66PV panels, brand BP Solar,type BP5140,of 140W) connected to the grid by means of two INGECON SUN 5 inverters - 5kW photovoltaic pergola (24PV panels, brand Solon, type P200, of 210W) connected to the grid by means of one INGECON SUN 5 inverter - 8.28kW photovoltaic roof (36PV panels, Brand LDK, type LDK-230P-20), connected to the grid by means of one INGECONSUN 10 inverter - 12kW photovoltaic roof (80PV panels, brand Gamesa, type GS-1501), connected to the grid. - Reversible hydraulic system connected to a 60 kW electric generator and a pumping system. -Stirling engine with a heat lamp based on natural gas, a helium cool lamp, 10kWe maximum power delivered and global performance of approximately 33%. Energy flexibility: - Thermal storage systems: water tanks 90kW, aquifers, boreholes, phase change materials, cold storage with geothermal exchange ground recovery and thermal storage at very low temperature with zeolites. - Electrical storage systems: batteries (lead-acid and lithium-ion). - Flexible loads. Control systems and Digital technologies: - Full monitoring campaign. - Smart-meters installation to monitor consumption and suggest another energy behaviours. - Dynamic simulation tools to optimize the energy performance. Urban comfort and air quality: - Meteorological stations to monitor the climate evolution. - Microclimatic simulation tools to quantify the thermal behaviour. | Energy efficiency: - eliminating waste energy utilizing smart energy system - utilizing excess heat from grocery stores Energy flexibility: - A battery energy storage system (1,5 MW/1,5MWh); Active participation in Nordpool electricity market (FCR-N) Energy production: - heating and cooling from geothermal heat pump system; 171 energy wells (over 51 km); heat capacity 4 MW - installation of new photovoltaic (PV) systems for renewable on-site energy production; Estimation of annual production is about 540 MWh (630 kWp) E-mobility - Installation of charging stations for electric vehicles (for 134 EVs) - e-bike services (warm storage room, charging cabinets for e-bikes) Digital technologies: - Building Analytics system by Schneider Electric | Campus Evenstad is a small department at Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, with 220 students. The vision for Campus Evenstad is an energy-flexible Campus Evenstad in an emission-free Europe. The area consists of approx. 20 buildings managed and owned by Statsbygg; the Norwegian government’s building commissioner, property manager and developer. The oldest building is from the 1700-century and the newest is the administration centre (2017) which is a Zero Emission Building (ZEB) with the highest ambitions (ZEB-COM). Their concept has been to realize Campus Evenstad as an energy pilot, where innovative energy solutions are demonstrated, showing how local areas can become more self-sufficient in energy. The energy system at Evenstad consists of several innovative energy solutions that are new in a Norwegian and European context. They are combined in local infrastructure for electricity and heat, which has led to new knowledge and learning about how the solutions work together, and how the interaction is between the local and the national energy system. The solutions consist of solar cells (PV), solar collectors, combined heat and power plant (CHP) based on wood chips, biofuel boiler, electric boiler, grid connection, district heating, heat storage, stationary battery and bidirectional electric vehicle (EV) charging (V2G). Statsbygg has gained a lot of operational experience from Campus Evenstad - both from individual technologies and from the interaction between these, which benefits Statsbygg's 2,200 buildings and 3 million m2 around Norway. Sharing of experiences is central. Campus Evenstad is a pilot in the Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods (ZEN) in Smart Cities were several of the solutions has been developed and studied. | |
| A2P003: Application of ISO52000 | |||||||||
| A2P003: Application of ISO52000 | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | |
| A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balance | |||||||||
| A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balance | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | ||
| A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balance | |||||||||
| A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balance | No | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | ||
| A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculation | |||||||||
| A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculation | Mobility, till now, is not included in the energy model. | Large combined industrial, residential, and commercial area with complex flows of in- and outgoing traffic. | The calculation of the energy balance will be further developed and specified under the Neutralpath-project. Mobility related emissions are taken into account in the carbon footprint calculation of each zoning plan in the development area. | Mobility is not included in the calculations. | Mobility is not included in the energy model. | At Campus Evenstad there is infrastructure for EV charging and bidirectional charging (V2G). EV charging is included in the energy balance. | |||
| A2P007: Annual energy demand in buildings / Thermal demand | |||||||||
| A2P007: Annual energy demand in buildings / Thermal demand [GWh/annum] | 2.3 | 218 | 3.446 | 5.5 | 0.77 | ||||
| A2P008: Annual energy demand in buildings / Electric Demand | |||||||||
| A2P008: Annual energy demand in buildings / Electric Demand [GWh/annum] | 0.33 | 148 | 0.528 | 5.8 | 0.76 | ||||
| A2P009: Annual energy demand for e-mobility | |||||||||
| A2P009: Annual energy demand for e-mobility [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P010: Annual energy demand for urban infrastructure | |||||||||
| A2P010: Annual energy demand for urban infrastructure [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P011: Annual renewable electricity production on-site during target year | |||||||||
| A2P011: PV | no | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | yes |
| A2P011: PV - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 3.4240 | 0.54 | 0.065 | ||||||
| A2P011: Wind | no | yes | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P011: Wind - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P011: Hydro | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P011: Hydro - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P011: Biomass_el | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | yes |
| A2P011: Biomass_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0.050 | ||||||||
| A2P011: Biomass_peat_el | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: Biomass_peat_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P011: PVT_el | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: PVT_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P011: Other | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: Other - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P012: Annual renewable thermal production on-site during target year | |||||||||
| A2P012: Geothermal | yes | no | no | yes | no | yes | yes | no | no |
| A2P012 - Geothermal: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 5 | ||||||||
| A2P012: Solar Thermal | yes | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | yes |
| A2P012 - Solar Thermal: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0.045 | ||||||||
| A2P012: Biomass_heat | yes | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | yes |
| A2P012 - Biomass_heat: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0.1 | 0.35 | |||||||
| A2P012: Waste heat+HP | yes | yes | no | yes | no | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Waste heat+HP: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 300 | ||||||||
| A2P012: Biomass_peat_heat | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Biomass_peat_heat: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P012: PVT_th | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - PVT_th: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P012: Biomass_firewood_th | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Biomass_firewood_th: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P012: Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Other: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P013: Renewable resources on-site - Additional notes | |||||||||
| A2P013: Renewable resources on-site - Additional notes | Geothermal heatpump systems, Waste heat from data centers | Very little wind production currently exists in the area. The electricity production of the waste incineration plant will be included at a later date. Aalborg East is partly a remarkable area for hosting a Portland cement factory that accounts for a substantial share of Denmark’s total CO2 emissions. In turn, it also provides waste heat to the district heating grid for all of Aalborg city and some of the smaller towns that are connected to the same DH grid. | Listed values are measurements from 2018. Renewable energy share is increasing. | ||||||
| A2P014: Annual energy use | |||||||||
| A2P014: Annual energy use [GWh/annum] | 620 | 3.976 | 11.3 | 1.500 | |||||
| A2P015: Annual energy delivered | |||||||||
| A2P015: Annual energy delivered [GWh/annum] | 399 | 5.76 | 1 | ||||||
| A2P016: Annual non-renewable electricity production on-site during target year | |||||||||
| A2P016: Annual non-renewable electricity production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | 0 | ||||||||
| A2P017: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year | |||||||||
| A2P017: Gas | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P017 - Gas: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | 0 | ||||||||
| A2P017: Coal | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P017 - Coal: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | 0 | ||||||||
| A2P017: Oil | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P017 - Oil: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | 0 | ||||||||
| A2P017: Other | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P017 - Other: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | 300 | ||||||||
| A2P018: Annual renewable electricity imports from outside the boundary during target year | |||||||||
| A2P018: PV | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - PV: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P018: Wind | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - Wind: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P018: Hydro | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - Hydro: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P018: Biomass_el | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - Biomass_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P018: Biomass_peat_el | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - Biomass_peat_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P018: PVT_el | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - PVT_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P018: Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| A2P018 - Other: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | 5.26 | ||||||||
| A2P019: Annual renewable thermal imports from outside the boundary during target year | |||||||||
| A2P019: Geothermal | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Geothermal: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P019: Solar Thermal | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Solar Thermal: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P019: Biomass_heat | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Biomass_heat: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P019: Waste heat+HP | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Waste heat+HP: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P019: Biomass_peat_heat | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Biomass_peat_heat: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P019: PVT_th | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 PVT_th: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P019: Biomass_firewood_th | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Biomass_firewood_th: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P019: Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Other: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary | |||||||||
| A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.0532319391635 | 0 | 0 |
| A2P021: GHG-balance calculated for the PED | |||||||||
| A2P021: GHG-balance calculated for the PED [tCO2/annum] | 0 | ||||||||
| A2P022: KPIs related to the PED case study / PED Lab | |||||||||
| A2P022: Safety & Security | |||||||||
| A2P022: Health | |||||||||
| A2P022: Education | |||||||||
| A2P022: Mobility | |||||||||
| A2P022: Energy | On-site energy ratio | ||||||||
| A2P022: Water | |||||||||
| A2P022: Economic development | |||||||||
| A2P022: Housing and Community | |||||||||
| A2P022: Waste | |||||||||
| A2P022: Other | |||||||||
| A2P023: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Generation | |||||||||
| A2P023: Photovoltaics | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| A2P023: Solar thermal collectors | yes | yes | no | no | no | yes | no | yes | yes |
| A2P023: Wind Turbines | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Geothermal energy system | yes | no | no | yes | no | yes | yes | no | no |
| A2P023: Waste heat recovery | yes | yes | no | yes | no | yes | yes | no | no |
| A2P023: Waste to energy | yes | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Polygeneration | no | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Co-generation | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | yes |
| A2P023: Heat Pump | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | no |
| A2P023: Hydrogen | no | no | yes | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Hydropower plant | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Biomass | no | yes | no | yes | no | yes | no | no | yes |
| A2P023: Biogas | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Other | The technological solutions can vary within the PED Lab area and will be specified case by case. | The Co-generation is biomass based. | |||||||
| A2P024: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Flexibility | |||||||||
| A2P024: A2P024: Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) | yes | no | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | no | yes |
| A2P024: Energy management system | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | no | yes |
| A2P024: Demand-side management | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | no | no | yes |
| A2P024: Smart electricity grid | no | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | no | no |
| A2P024: Thermal Storage | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | no | yes |
| A2P024: Electric Storage | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | no | yes |
| A2P024: District Heating and Cooling | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | no | yes | yes |
| A2P024: Smart metering and demand-responsive control systems | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | no | no | yes |
| A2P024: P2P – buildings | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P024: Other | The technological solutions can vary within the PED Lab area and will be specified case by case. | Bidirectional electric vehicle (EV) charging (V2G) | |||||||
| A2P025: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Efficiency | |||||||||
| A2P025: Deep Retrofitting | no | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | no | yes | no |
| A2P025: Energy efficiency measures in historic buildings | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: High-performance new buildings | yes | no | yes | yes | no | no | yes | no | yes |
| A2P025: Smart Public infrastructure (e.g. smart lighting) | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| A2P025: Urban data platforms | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: Mobile applications for citizens | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: Building services (HVAC & Lighting) | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | no |
| A2P025: Smart irrigation | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: Digital tracking for waste disposal | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: Smart surveillance | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: Other | The technological solutions can vary within the PED Lab area and will be specified case by case. | ||||||||
| A2P026: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Mobility | |||||||||
| A2P026: Efficiency of vehicles (public and/or private) | no | no | yes | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P026: Measures to reduce traffic volume (e.g. measure to support public transportation, shared mobility, measure to reduce journeys and distances) | no | no | yes | yes | no | no | yes | no | no |
| A2P026: e-Mobility | yes | no | yes | yes | no | no | yes | no | yes |
| A2P026: Soft mobility infrastructures and last mile solutions | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P026: Car-free area | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P026: Other | Local transportation hub with direct connection to metro & bus terminal; parking spaces for 1,400 bicycles and for 1,300 cars Promoting e-Mobility: 134 charging stations, A technical reservation for expanding EV charging system 1400 bicycle racks and charging cabinets for 10 e-bicycle batteries | ||||||||
| A2P027: Mobility strategies - Additional notes | |||||||||
| A2P027: Mobility strategies - Additional notes | |||||||||
| A2P028: Energy efficiency certificates | |||||||||
| A2P028: Energy efficiency certificates | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| A2P028: If yes, please specify and/or enter notes | Energy Performance Certificate | In Spain it is mandatory the Energy Performance Certificate in order to buy or rent a house or a dwelling | Energy Performance Certificate => Energy efficiency class B (2018 version) | Passive house (2 buildings, 4 200 m2, from 2015) | |||||
| A2P029: Any other building / district certificates | |||||||||
| A2P029: Any other building / district certificates | No | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | |||
| A2P029: If yes, please specify and/or enter notes | LEED (Core & Shell, v4) GOLD certification, Smart Building certification (GOLD) | Zero Emission Building (ZEB) with the highest ambitions (ZEB-COM) (admin building, 1 141 m2, 2016) | |||||||
| A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy | |||||||||
| A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy |
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| A3P002: Quantitative targets included in the city / national strategy | |||||||||
| A3P002: Quantitative targets included in the city / national strategy | Reduction of 1018000 tons CO2 by 2030 | Carbon-Neutral Vantaa by 2030 (min. 80 % reduction of yearly emissions, capture or compensation os the residual 20 %), | - Testing the combination of renewable technologies at district level. - Optimization of the generation side based on the weather forecasting and demand side. - Optimization of the control system, connected to the central node, to design and perform virtual analyses based on the combination of all the systems and infrastructures. - Optimization of ICT systems. - Design and management of a virtual analysis - Optimization of efficient measures: building performance, user´s behaviour… - Combination of flexible storage systems to operate the global installation. | Relevant city strategies behind PED development in Espoo include the following: - The Espoo Story: Sustainability is heavily included within the values and goals of the current Espoo city strategy, also known as the Espoo Story, running from 2021 to 2025. For example, the strategy names being a responsible pioneer as one of the main values of the city and has chosen achieving carbon neutrality by 2030 as one of the main goals of the current council term. In addition to the Espoo story, four cross-administrative development programmes act as cooperation platforms that allow the city, together with its partners, to develop innovative solutions through experiments and pilot projects in line with the Espoo Story. The Sustainable Espoo development programme is one of the four programmes, thus putting sustainability on the forefront in city development work. - EU Mission: 100 climate-neutral and smart cities by 2030: Cities selected for the Mission commit to achieving carbon-neutrality in 2030. A key tool in the Mission is the Climate City Contract. Each selected city will prepare and implement its contracts in collaboration with local businesses as well as other stakeholders and residents. - Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy: Espoo is committed to the Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy, under which the signatories commit to supporting the European Union’s 40% greenhouse gas emission reduction goal by 2030. The Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan (SECAP) is a key instrument for implementing the agreement. The Action Plan outlines the key measures the city will take to achieve its carbon neutrality goal. The plan also includes a mapping of climate change risks and vulnerabilities, adaptation measures, emission calculations, emission reduction scenarios and impact estimations of measures. The SECAP of the City of Espoo is available here (only available in Finnish). - UN Sustainable development Goals: The city of Espoo has committed to becoming a forerunner and achieving the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) by 2025. The goal is to make Espoo financially, ecologically, socially, and culturally sustainable. - The Circular Cities Declaration: At the end of 2020, Espoo signed the Europe-wide circular economy commitment Circular Cities Declaration. The ten goals of the declaration promote the implementation of the city’s circular economy. - Espoo Clean Heat: Fortum and the City of Espoo are committed to producing carbon-neutral district heating in the network operating in the areas of Espoo, Kauniainen and Kirkkonummi during the 2020s. The district heating network provides heating to some 250,000 end-users in homes and offices. Coal will be completely abandoned in the production of district heating by 2025. The main targets related to PED development included in the noted city strategies are the following: - Espoo will achieve carbon neutrality by 2030. To be precise, this carbon neutrality goal is defined as an 80% emission reduction from the 1990 level by the year 2030. The remaining 20% share can be absorbed in carbon sinks or compensated by other means. - District heating in Espoo will be carbon-neutral by 2029, and coal-based production will be phased out from district heating by 2025. - Espoo aims to end the use of fossil fuels in the heating of city-owned buildings by 2025. - Quantitative goals within the Espoo SECAP report: - Espoo aims to reduce total energy consumption within the municipal sector by 7.5% by the end of 2025 in comparison to the 2015 level. The social housing company Espoon Asunnot OY aims to meet the same target. - Espoo aims to cover 10% of the energy consumption of new buildings via on-site production. - Espoo aims to raise the modal split of cycling to 15% by 2024. - Espoo aims to raise the modal split of public transport by 1.1% yearly. - Espoo aims to reduce the emissions of bus transport by 90% by the end of 2025, when compared to 2010 levels. | |||||
| A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid | |||||||||
| A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid |
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| A3P003: Other | Heating Grid | ||||||||
| A3P004: Identification of needs and priorities | |||||||||
| A3P004: Identification of needs and priorities | Decarbonize part of Aalborg city as a way of working incrementally towards being a zero-emission city. | According to the model developed for the district, the electrification of heating and cooling is necessary with heat pumps. Rooftop photovoltaic panels also have the potential for renewable energy generation. Through net-metering practices, the district is expected to reach energy positivity through this scenario. | - Create a thermal energy storage tank to be used for air conditioning the buildings. - Some buildings need to be renovated both to increase the energy performance, the seismic behaviour and spaces liveability and comfort. - Optimizing the coupling between technologies. - Guarantee the flexibility to operate the renewable installations to operate in different phases and with different configurations. - CEDER is a public research center and needs to have connected any energy system to the same grid. - CEDER has an industrial develop area where some experimental thermal storage system could be tested. | - Citycon (developer and owner of Lippulaiva) aims to be carbon neutral in its energy use by 2030 - Lippulaiva is a unique urban centre with state-of-the-art energy concept. The centre has a smart managing system, which allows for example the temporary reduction of power used in air conditioning and charging stations when energy consumption is at its peak. In addition, a backup generator and a large electric battery will balance the operation of the electricity network. - Lippulaiva is also an important mobility hub for the people of Espoo. Espoonlahti metro station is located under the centre, and the West Metro started to operate to Espoonlahti in December 2022. Lippulaiva also has a bus terminal, which serves the metro’s feeder traffic in the Espoonlahti major district. | |||||
| A3P005: Sustainable behaviour | |||||||||
| A3P005: Sustainable behaviour | In Groningen we are working with different sustainable behaviours approaches and also developed the Unified Citizen Engagement Approach (UCEA). Currently, there are two different approaches in use in the municipality of Groningen: the District energy approach (Wijkgerichte aanpak, developed by the Municipality of Groningen) and the Cooperative approach (Coöperative Aanpak, developed by Grunneger Power). Based upon those approaches and knowledge that is gained through social research executed by TNO and HUAS the new Unified Citizen Engagement Approach (UCEA) has been developed. | - Stakeholder engagement; - Focus on implementing renewable energy production where possible; - Rretrofitting and energy optimization of existing buildings. | - Minimize the building energy consumption while maintaining indoor comfort levels. - Onsite renewable production with flexible storage elements to fix demand side and generation side. - Flexible control solutions through digitalization systems. | For Citycon, it was important to engage local people within the Lippulaiva project. During the construction period as well as after opening of the shopping center, citizens have been engaged in multiple ways, such as informing local citizens of the progress of construction, engaging young people in the design processes of the shopping centre and long-term commitment of youngsters with Lippulaiva Buddy class initiative. Users’ engagement activities are conducted in close co-operation with SPARCS partners. | |||||
| A3P006: Economic strategies | |||||||||
| A3P006: Economic strategies |
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| A3P006: Other | |||||||||
| A3P007: Social models | |||||||||
| A3P007: Social models |
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| A3P007: Other | Campus Evenstad is a small department at Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, with 220 students. Sharing knowledge is essential: Evenstad has regular visits from Politicians, decision-makers, researchers, environmental organizations, and energy- and building companies. | ||||||||
| A3P008: Integrated urban strategies | |||||||||
| A3P008: Integrated urban strategies |
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| A3P008: Other | |||||||||
| A3P009: Environmental strategies | |||||||||
| A3P009: Environmental strategies |
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| A3P009: Other | Energy Positive, Low Emission Zone | Carbon free in terms of energy | |||||||
| A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspects | |||||||||
| A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspects | At national/regional/local level a legislation on PEDs development is not yet available in the Netherlands. There will be a new Environmental Act and Heat Act in the nearby future. We are working on a paper about the current legal barriers, which are in short for Groningen: Lack of legal certainty and clarity with regard to the energy legislation. Lack of coherence between policy and legislation from different ministries. The planned revision of the Dutch Heat Law prevents Groningen from effectively realizing sustainable heat transition plans and goals. Lack of capacity on the distribution grid for electricity | Current energy tariffs disincentivize both individual and collective PV systems – meaning energy communities are not economically feasible, housing associations and public buildings struggle with finding a secure RoI for solar panels, and citizens and local industry lack an incentive to install solar panels on their own | - European Commission has legislated on Energy Community (Renewable energy directive - 2018/2001/EU and Common rules for the internal electricity market directive- 2019/944/EU). - Spanish building certification is regulated through Royal Decree 235/2013. | - Energy efficiency regulations (Directive 2006/32/EC and 2009/72/EC) - EU directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings => all new buildings should be “nearly zero-energy buildings” (nZEB) from 2021 | Campus Evenstad became a prosumer in 2016, as the first with DSO Eidsiva. Evenstad is also one of the first three PV systems in Norway to receive green certificates. | ||||
| B1P001: PED/PED relevant concept definition | |||||||||
| B1P001: PED/PED relevant concept definition | The large scale provides interesting opportunities for both urban development and strategic energy planning; the diverse mix of buildings and functions also allow for interesting discussions regarding PEDs. Another interesting facet is that the district heating grid is almost fully supplied by waste heat. | Neutralpath-project is working with the cocept of PCEDs = Positive and Clean Energy Districts (energy-efficient and energy-flexible districts with net zero greenhouse gas emissions and a surplus of renewable energy). Aviapolis Climate-Neutral Lab will work with both PCED and PCED relevant cases within the district. | Çamlık District, unlike many other districts in Ankara, has a specific urban morphology that draws near the other pilot zones considered by the partners of PED-ACT. The site has three-storey single housing units, along with a fair amount of greenery around. Furthermore, the roof areas enable large amounts of PV installment, which results in higher amounts of local renewable energy potential. Therefore, the district is a good fit for PED development. | Lippulaiva is a project with high level goal in terms of energy efficiency, energy flexibility and energy production. | The biggest impact is the demonstration of several new energy solutions for local communities. Statsbygg/Campus Evenstad contributes to the development of innovations, pushing technological development through purchasing and demonstration of the solutions. This is a benefit for both end users, energy service providers and society at large. Evenstad also contribute to developing the local business community. For example, local biomass chip production for CHP, development of V2G-software etc. Several key solutions have been important when aiming to achieve the goals of reduced emissions, increased self-sufficiency in energy, and an energy-flexible campus. Example Vehicle-to-grid (V2G): We realized bidirectional EV charging at Campus Evenstad in 2019, demonstrating V2G for the first time in Norway. The experiences from Evenstad provide increased knowledge and practical experience from purchasing, installing and operating the V2G solution, and can contribute to creating new solutions within the energy system. With the equipment installed, the batteries in EVs can supply power back to buildings or the power grid. Example solar cells (PV): We installed PV in 2013 when there were only a few grid-connected PV systems in Norway. The PV system was an important piece in changing the view on solar energy in Norway, where businesses, the public sector and private individuals started seeing the potential for solar energy also this far north. In 2022, the PV system was expanded with PV cells on the facade of the energy center. Example Solar collector system: Covers 100m2 of the roof surface of dormitories and supplies supplies 117 dormitories with all the hot water they need (4000m2 floor area. The solar collector system is connected to the district heating system, where the main heat source is bioenergy. Solar energy and bioenergy complement each other at different times of the year. Example battery bank: Among the 5 largest electrical batteries in Norway connected to the grid. Example CHP: First of its kind in Norway, generating heat and electricity from biomass. Already in 2010, fossil fuels were phased out by converting from oil to wood-chip heating. | ||||
| B1P002: Motivation behind PED/PED relevant project development | |||||||||
| B1P002: Motivation behind PED/PED relevant project development | The area has an interesting history of development and has recently undergone several urban improvements. This is coupled with a strong local network of business owners and other stakeholders, all with an interest in developing the area in the best way possible. This made for an interesting case from a planning perspective to investigate how this network would pick up on the concept of PED and whether they could see any potential utility in relation to their everyday experiences. | According to Vantaa city strategy 2021-2025 Aviapolis area aims to become the greenest airport city in Europe. The district is transforming from a logistics and business focused area to a lively urban district which gives an opportunity to rethink the areas energy solutions. With Neutralpath-project Vantaa aims to support the development of the district's energy system and explore innovative, energy efficient and fossil free district energy solutions. | PED-ACT project. | - Citycon’s (developer and owner of Lippulaiva) target is to be carbon neutral by 2030 - Increasing sustainability requirements from the financing, tenants, cities, other stakeholders | In line with the EU's vision of "local energy communities", Campus Evenstad demonstrates energy actions that contribute to the clean energy transition. The campus has been developed over several years, demonstrating several innovative and sustainable technologies and energy solutions in a microgrid, e.g. vehicle to grid (V2G), biomass-based combined heat and power (CHP), solar energy, energy storage and zero emission buildings. It shows how to use new technology to enable zero emissions areas. Dedicated professionals, both Statsbygg's operating staff and researchers from FME ZEN have been central to the realization, together with dedicated management at the University campus, who have shown a great willingness to implement new solutions. | ||||
| B1P003: Environment of the case study area | |||||||||
| B2P003: Environment of the case study area | Suburban area | Urban area | Suburban area | Rural | Urban area | Urban area | Rural | ||
| B1P004: Type of district | |||||||||
| B2P004: Type of district |
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| B1P005: Case Study Context | |||||||||
| B1P005: Case Study Context |
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| B1P006: Year of construction | |||||||||
| B1P006: Year of construction | 1986 | 2022 | |||||||
| B1P007: District population before intervention - Residential | |||||||||
| B1P007: District population before intervention - Residential | 16.931 | ||||||||
| B1P008: District population after intervention - Residential | |||||||||
| B1P008: District population after intervention - Residential | |||||||||
| B1P009: District population before intervention - Non-residential | |||||||||
| B1P009: District population before intervention - Non-residential | |||||||||
| B1P010: District population after intervention - Non-residential | |||||||||
| B1P010: District population after intervention - Non-residential | |||||||||
| B1P011: Population density before intervention | |||||||||
| B1P011: Population density before intervention | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| B1P012: Population density after intervention | |||||||||
| B1P012: Population density after intervention | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| B1P013: Building and Land Use before intervention | |||||||||
| B1P013: Residential | no | no | no | yes | yes | no | no | yes | no |
| B1P013 - Residential: Specify the sqm [m²] | 50800 | ||||||||
| B1P013: Office | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Office: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P013: Industry and Utility | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Industry and Utility: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P013: Commercial | no | no | no | yes | no | no | yes | no | no |
| B1P013 - Commercial: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P013: Institutional | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Institutional: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P013: Natural areas | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| B1P013 - Natural areas: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P013: Recreational | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Recreational: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P013: Dismissed areas | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Dismissed areas: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P013: Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Other: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P014: Building and Land Use after intervention | |||||||||
| B1P014: Residential | no | no | no | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | no |
| B1P014 - Residential: Specify the sqm [m²] | 50800 | ||||||||
| B1P014: Office | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Office: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P014: Industry and Utility | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Industry and Utility: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P014: Commercial | no | no | no | yes | no | no | yes | no | no |
| B1P014 - Commercial: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P014: Institutional | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Institutional: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P014: Natural areas | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Natural areas: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P014: Recreational | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Recreational: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P014: Dismissed areas | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Dismissed areas: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P014: Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Other: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B2P001: PED Lab concept definition | |||||||||
| B2P001: PED Lab concept definition | Groningen was selected as Lighthouse City for the MAKING-CITY project. MAKING-CITY is a 60-month Horizon 2020 project launched in December 2018. It aims to address and demonstrate the urban energy system transformation towards smart and low-carbon cities, based on the Positive Energy District (PED) concept. The PED operational models developed in MAKING-CITY will help European and other cities around the world to adopt a long-term City Vision 2050 for energy transition and sustainable urbanisation whilst turning citizens into actors of this transformation. Groningen works with two PED districts in two completely different neighbourhoods in terms of structure and buildings. This is why we see this as a lab: to see wat works and what doesn’t. In order to be able to implement this in the rest of the city. | An ongoing process and dialogue with local stakeholders to determine the future development of the area. | Neutralpath-project is working with the cocept of PCEDs = Positive and Clean Energy Districts (energy-efficient and energy-flexible districts with net zero greenhouse gas emissions and a surplus of renewable energy). Aviapolis Climate-Neutral Lab will work with both PCED and PCED relevant cases within the district. | ||||||
| B2P002: Installation life time | |||||||||
| B2P002: Installation life time | The MAKING-CITY project lasts from November 2018 – November 2023. By that time PED North and PED South East are a fact. | No new installation will be made throughout the project. Rather the project will attempt to establish a local PED network with the aim of empowering the stakeholders to better engage with sustainable technologies. | CEDER will follow an integrative approach including technology for a permanent installation. | ||||||
| B2P003: Scale of action | |||||||||
| B2P003: Scale | District | District | District | District | District | District | |||
| B2P004: Operator of the installation | |||||||||
| B2P004: Operator of the installation | The Municipality of Groningen is Manager of the lab but works closely with other parties such as the university, university of applied sciences, research institute TNO and several other parties. | Kristian Olesen | The City of Vantaa manages the lab, working closely with landowners and other stakeholders such as energy companies, solution providers, universities and citizens. | CIEMAT. Data detail in contact: mariano.martin@ciemat.es and oscar.izquiedo@ciemat.es | |||||
| B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materials | |||||||||
| B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materials | Groningen does not have a strategy to reuse and recyle materials | Replication is primarily focused on the establishment of a local network with an interest in and understanding of PED. | |||||||
| B2P006: Circular Economy Approach | |||||||||
| B2P006: Do you apply any strategy to reuse and recycling the materials? | No | No | Yes | No | |||||
| B2P006: Other | |||||||||
| B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab | |||||||||
| B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab |
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| B2P007: Other | |||||||||
| B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED Lab | |||||||||
| B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED Lab | Municipality | Research center/University | Municipality | Municipality | Research center/University | ||||
| B2P008: Other | |||||||||
| B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab | |||||||||
| B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab |
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| B2P009: Other | research companies, monitoring company, ict company | ||||||||
| B2P010: Synergies between the fields of activities | |||||||||
| B2P010: Synergies between the fields of activities | The operation of the laboratory with all the components of the energy networks requires a collaborative work between various departments and entities. On the one hand, it is necessary to optimize the operation of renewable systems based on the weather conditions, forecast of the demand side and the flexibility of the generation systems. On the other hand, the optimization of the energy demands through a more sustainable behaviour of both the building and the users want to be acquired. For this, it is necessary to take into account technical aspects but also market, comfort and encourage the user participation, creating a decision-making matrix that allows optimizing the operation of the global system. | ||||||||
| B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab | |||||||||
| B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab |
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| B2P011: Other | |||||||||
| B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab | |||||||||
| B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab |
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| B2P013: Availability of the facilities for external people | |||||||||
| B2P013: Availability of the facilities for external people | |||||||||
| B2P014: Monitoring measures | |||||||||
| B2P014: Monitoring measures |
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| B2P015: Key Performance indicators | |||||||||
| B2P015: Key Performance indicators |
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| B2P016: Execution of operations | |||||||||
| B2P016: Execution of operations | |||||||||
| B2P017: Capacities | |||||||||
| B2P017: Capacities | - Innovative grid configuration to connect bio boilers and solar thermal on buildings. - Environmental & air quality evaluation. - Testing and evaluation of high efficient heating & cooling systems: Gas, biomass, geothermal and absorption H&C pumps … - Definition and implementation of the different regulation modes for the global system. Using the data from the research focused-partners, several regulation modes for the DH network could be defined and implemented in order to obtain an optimal operation of the network. - Innovation in MPC control to enable harvesting 100% renewables in the most efficient way. - Physical integration of the technologies with the existing facilities at the living lab. - Connection between the solar thermal collectors to achieve the lowest heat losses, providing the possibility to use the grid as high or low temperature DH, according to the demand schedule of the buildings. - Test the bio-boiler of the last generation and ultra-low emissions biomass condensing boiler in order to increase efficiency and reduce GHG and air pollutant emissions of the DH plant. - Control of the supply temperature of the DH grid to enable 100% renewables harvesting in the most efficient way. - Research of the incidence of a normal building or a bioclimatic building in the DH grid demand. - Methodologies for concept validation: Definition of the minimum requirements to verify the suitability of the solutions proposed. - Tests campaign: Experimental operation and characterization in a relevant environment, to exploit the technologies at their best and test different demand profiles, different configuration and loads, with real time monitoring and continuous commissioning to control the performance of the technology. - Validation and upgrading recommendation for the DH&C at district level. - Evaluation of innovation actions for potential energy interventions with demand response in buildings. - The complete available infrastructure (MV and LV electric systems, transformation hubs, end consumption, generation sources, communication elements, etc.) belongs to CEDER-CIEMAT, making this the perfect scenario to test and try the performance of “Smart Grid” and “Microgrid” projects. - The type of electric grid, its voltage levels (MV or LV), its variety of real loads (different buildings with different profiles: industrial buildings, offices and so on) and its sources of renewable generation and storage, mean it is ideal for intermediate tests between a small-scale laboratory and final deployment of the real product. | ||||||||
| B2P018: Relations with stakeholders | |||||||||
| B2P018: Relations with stakeholders | CEDER - CIEMAT is a public research body assigned to the Ministry of Science and Innovation under the General Secretariat for Research, focusing on energy and environment. To develop this lab CIEMAT has relations with private renewable companies, research centers and academia institutions. | ||||||||
| B2P019: Available tools | |||||||||
| B2P019: Available tools |
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| B2P019: Available tools | |||||||||
| B2P020: External accessibility | |||||||||
| B2P020: External accessibility | To follow the lab and Vantaa's activities in Neutralpath, fill in the following form: https://neutralpath.eu/fi/tayta-lomake-liittyaksesi-cn-labiin/ | CIEMAT is a public body, so it´s open to any institution according the actual regulation and agreements. | |||||||
| C1P001: Unlocking Factors | |||||||||
| C1P001: Recent technological improvements for on-site RES production | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important |
| C1P001: Innovative, integrated, prefabricated packages for buildings envelope / Energy efficiency of building stock | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important |
| C1P001: Energy Communities, P2P, Prosumers concepts | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important |
| C1P001: Storage systems and E-mobility market penetration | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important |
| C1P001: Decreasing costs of innovative materials | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P001: Financial mechanisms to reduce costs and maximize benefits | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: The ability to predict Multiple Benefits | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: The ability to predict the distribution of benefits and impacts | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: Citizens improved awareness and engagement on sustainable energy issues (bottom-up) | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important |
| C1P001: Social acceptance (top-down) | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important |
| C1P001: Improved local and national policy frameworks (i.e. incentives, laws etc.) | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important |
| C1P001: Presence of integrated urban strategies and plans | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: Multidisciplinary approaches available for systemic integration | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: Availability of grants (from EC or other donors) to finance the PED Lab projects | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: Availability of RES on site (Local RES) | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important |
| C1P001: Ongoing or established collaboration on Public Private Partnership among key stakeholders | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P001: Any other UNLOCKING FACTORS | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: Any other UNLOCKING FACTORS (if any) | Real-estate market situation | ||||||||
| C1P002: Driving Factors | |||||||||
| C1P002: Climate Change adaptation need | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P002: Climate Change mitigation need (local RES production and efficiency) | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important |
| C1P002: Rapid urbanization trend and need of urban expansions | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P002: Urban re-development of existing built environment | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P002: Economic growth need | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P002: Improved local environmental quality (air, noise, aesthetics, etc.) | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P002: Territorial and market attractiveness | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P002: Energy autonomy/independence | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important |
| C1P002: Any other DRIVING FACTOR | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P002: Any other DRIVING FACTOR (if any) | Earthquakes due to gas extraction | ||||||||
| C1P003: Administrative barriers | |||||||||
| C1P003: Difficulty in the coordination of high number of partners and authorities | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P003: Lack of good cooperation and acceptance among partners | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P003: Lack of public participation | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P003: Lack of institutions/mechanisms to disseminate information | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P003:Long and complex procedures for authorization of project activities | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P003: Time consuming requirements by EC or other donors concerning reporting and accountancy | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important |
| C1P003: Complicated and non-comprehensive public procurement | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important |
| C1P003: Fragmented and or complex ownership structure | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P003: City administration & cross-sectoral attitude/approaches (silos) | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P003: Lack of internal capacities to support energy transition | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P003: Any other Administrative BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P003: Any other Administrative BARRIER (if any) | |||||||||
| C1P004: Policy barriers | |||||||||
| C1P004: Lack of long-term and consistent energy plans and policies | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P004: Lacking or fragmented local political commitment and support on the long term | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P004: Lack of Cooperation & support between national-regional-local entities | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P004: Any other Political BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P004: Any other Political BARRIER (if any) | |||||||||
| C1P005: Legal and Regulatory barriers | |||||||||
| C1P005: Inadequate regulations for new technologies | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important |
| C1P005: Regulatory instability | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P005: Non-effective regulations | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P005: Unfavorable local regulations for innovative technologies | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P005: Building code and land-use planning hindering innovative technologies | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P005: Insufficient or insecure financial incentives | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important |
| C1P005: Unresolved privacy concerns and limiting nature of privacy protection regulation | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P005: Shortage of proven and tested solutions and examples | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P005: Any other Legal and Regulatory BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P005: Any other Legal and Regulatory BARRIER (if any) | |||||||||
| C1P006: Environmental barriers | |||||||||
| C1P006: Environmental barriers | - Climate Variability: 5 - Topographical Constraints: 4 - Sunlight Availability: 5 - Air and Water Pollution: 2 - Water Scarcity: 1 - Environmental Regulations: 3 - Zoning Restrictions: 2 - Natural Disasters: 1 | 3 - Moderately important | |||||||
| C1P007: Technical barriers | |||||||||
| C1P007: Lack of skilled and trained personnel | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P007: Deficient planning | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P007: Retrofitting work in dwellings in occupied state | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P007: Lack of well-defined process | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P007: Inaccuracy in energy modelling and simulation | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P007: Lack/cost of computational scalability | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important |
| C1P007: Grid congestion, grid instability | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important |
| C1P007: Negative effects of project intervention on the natural environment | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P007: Energy retrofitting work in dense and/or historical urban environment | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P007: Difficult definition of system boundaries | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P007: Any other Thecnical BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important |
| C1P007: Any other Thecnical BARRIER (if any) | Energy management systems of different new technologies does not "talk together" (e.g. solar inverter, V2G inverter). This creates challenges. | ||||||||
| C1P008: Social and Cultural barriers | |||||||||
| C1P008: Inertia | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P008: Lack of values and interest in energy optimization measurements | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P008: Low acceptance of new projects and technologies | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P008: Difficulty of finding and engaging relevant actors | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P008: Lack of trust beyond social network | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P008: Rebound effect | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards environmentalism | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P008: Exclusion of socially disadvantaged groups | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P008: Non-energy issues are more important and urgent for actors | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important |
| C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards energy collaboration | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P008: Any other Social BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P008: Any other Social BARRIER (if any) | |||||||||
| C1P009: Information and Awareness barriers | |||||||||
| C1P009: Insufficient information on the part of potential users and consumers | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P009: Perception of interventions as complicated and expensive, with negative socio-economic or environmental impacts | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P009: Lack of awareness among authorities | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important |
| C1P009: Information asymmetry causing power asymmetry of established actors | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P009: High costs of design, material, construction, and installation | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important |
| C1P009: Any other Information and Awareness BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important |
| C1P009: Any other Information and Awareness BARRIER (if any) | Different interests - Grid/energy stakeholders and building stakeholders | ||||||||
| C1P010: Financial barriers | |||||||||
| C1P010: Hidden costs | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important |
| C1P010: Insufficient external financial support and funding for project activities | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important |
| C1P010: Economic crisis | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P010: Risk and uncertainty | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important |
| C1P010: Lack of consolidated and tested business models | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important |
| C1P010: Limited access to capital and cost disincentives | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important |
| C1P010: Any other Financial BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P010: Any other Financial BARRIER (if any) | |||||||||
| C1P011: Market barriers | |||||||||
| C1P011: Split incentives | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P011: Energy price distortion | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P011: Energy market concentration, gatekeeper actors (DSOs) | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P011: Any other Market BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P011: Any other Market BARRIER (if any) | |||||||||
| C1P012: Stakeholders involved | |||||||||
| C1P012: Government/Public Authorities |
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| C1P012: Research & Innovation |
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| C1P012: Financial/Funding |
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| C1P012: Analyst, ICT and Big Data |
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| C1P012: Business process management |
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| C1P012: Urban Services providers |
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| C1P012: Real Estate developers |
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| C1P012: Design/Construction companies |
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| C1P012: End‐users/Occupants/Energy Citizens |
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| C1P012: Social/Civil Society/NGOs |
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| C1P012: Industry/SME/eCommerce |
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| C1P012: Other |
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| C1P012: Other (if any) | |||||||||
| Summary |
Authors (framework concept)
Beril Alpagut (Demir Energy); Giulia Turci (University of Bologna); Michal Kuzmic (Czech Technical University in Prague); Paolo Civiero (Università Roma Tre); Serena Pagliulia (University of Bologna); Oscar Seco (CIEMAT); Silvia Soutullo (CIEMAT); Daniele Vettorato (EURAC Research, IEA Annex 83); Bailador Ferreras M. Almudena (CIEMAT); Vicky Albert-Seifried (FHG ISE)
Contributors (to the content)
Laura Aelenei (LNEG), Nienke Maas (TNO), Savis Gohari (OsloMet), Andras Reith (ABUD), Ghazal Etminan (AIT), Maria-Beatrice Andreucci (Universita Sapienza), Francesco Reda (VTT, IEA Annex 83), Mari Hukkalainen (VTT), Judith-Borsboom (Locality), Gilda Massa (ENEA), Jelena Ziemele (University of Latvia), Nikola Pokorny (CVUT), Sergio Diaz de Garayo Balsategui (CENER, IEA Annex 83), Matthias Haaze (ZHAW, IEA Annex 83), Christoph Gollner (FFG, JPI UE), Silvia Bossi (ENEA, JPI UE), Christian Winzer (Zurich University of Applied Science), George Martinopoulos (Centre for Research and Technology Hellas), Maria Nuria Sánchez (CIEMAT), Angelina Tomova (Energy Agency of Plovdiv)
Implemented by
Boutik.pt: Filipe Martins, Jamal Khan
Marek Suchánek (Czech Technical University in Prague)
