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NameProjectTypeCompare
Tartu, Estonia V2G-QUESTS PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Utrecht, the Netherlands (District of Kanaleneiland) V2G-QUESTS PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Aveiro, Portugal V2G-QUESTS PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Győr Geothermal District Heating Project PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Jacobs Borchs Gate, Drammen PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Dietenbach, Freiburg im Breisgau PED Relevant Case Study Compare
SmartEnCity, Lecce SmartEnCity – Towards Smart Zero CO2 Cities across Europe PED Relevant Case Study Uncompare
STARDUST, Trento STARDUST – Holistic and Integrated Urban Model for Smart Cities PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Klimatkontrakt Hyllie, Malmö PED Relevant Case Study Compare
EnStadt:Pfaff, Kaiserslautern PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
mySMARTlife, Helsinki PED Relevant Case Study Compare
REPLICATE (pilot action in the Novoli-Cascine district on “le PIagge” buildings), Firenze PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Sinfonia, Bolzano PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Hunziker Areal, Zürich PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Hammarby Sjöstad 2.0, PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Sharing Cities, Milano PED Relevant Case Study Compare
District Heating Pozo Barredo, Mieres PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Cityfied (demo Linero), Lund PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Smart Otaniemi, Espoo PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Zukunftsquartier, Vienna PED Case Study Compare
Santa Chiara Open Lab, Trento PED Case Study Compare
Barrio La Pinada, Paterna PED Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Zero Village Bergen (ZVB) ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Case Study Compare
Võru +CityxChange PED Case Study Compare
NTNU Campus within the Knowledge Axis, Trondheim ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Case Study Compare
Furuset project, Oslo ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Case Study Compare
Laser Valley – Land of Lights PED Case Study Compare
Ydalir project ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Case Study Compare
NyBy – Ny Flyplass (New City – New Airport) ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Case Study Compare
Fornebu, Bærum ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Case Study Compare
Fleuraye west, Carquefou PED Case Study Compare
Smart Energy Åland PED Case Study Compare
Romania, Alba Iulia PED ASCEND – Accelerate poSitive Clean ENergy Districts PED Case Study Compare
Romania, Alba Iulia PED InterPED – INTERoperable cloud-based solution for cross-vector planning and management of Positive Energy Districts PED Case Study Compare
Munich, Harthof district PED Case Study Compare
Lublin MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Case Study Compare
Roubaix, MustBe0 – Résidence Philippe le Hardi – 125 Rue d’Oran CULTURAL-E – Climate and cultural-based solutions for Plus Energy Buildings PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Bærum, Eiksveien 116 CULTURAL-E – Climate and cultural-based solutions for Plus Energy Buildings PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Findhorn, the Park InterPED – INTERoperable cloud-based solution for cross-vector planning and management of Positive Energy Districts PED Case Study Compare
Amsterdam, Buiksloterham PED ATELIER – AmsTErdam BiLbao cItizen drivEn smaRt cities PED Case Study Compare
Schönbühel-Aggsbach, Schönbühel an der Donau PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Umeå, Ålidhem district PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation PED Case Study Compare
Aalborg East PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Ankara, Çamlık District PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study Uncompare
Trenčín MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Case Study Uncompare
Luxembourg, Betzdorf LEGOFIT – Adaptable technological solutions based on early design actions for the construction and renovation of Energy Positive Homes PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Vantaa, Aviapolis NEUTRALPATH – Pathway towards Climate-Neutrality through low risky and fully replicable Positive Clean Energy Districts PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Vidin, Himik and Bononia MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Case Study Compare
Oslo, Verksbyen Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods PED Case Study Compare
Uden, Loopkantstraat Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Zaragoza, Actur NEUTRALPATH – Pathway towards Climate-Neutrality through low risky and fully replicable Positive Clean Energy Districts PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Aarhus, Brabrand BIPED – Building Intelligent Positive Energy Districts PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Riga, Ķīpsala, RTU smart student city ExPEDite – Enabling Positive Energy Districts through Digital Twins PED Case Study Compare
Izmir, District of Karşıyaka PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation PED Case Study Compare
Istanbul, Ozyegin University Campus LEGOFIT – Adaptable technological solutions based on early design actions for the construction and renovation of Energy Positive Homes PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Espoo, Kera SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Borlänge, Rymdgatan’s Residential Portfolio PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Freiburg, Waldsee PED urban – Development of methods and tools for accounting, planning and operation of climate-neutral district PED Case Study Compare
Innsbruck, Campagne-Areal PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Graz, Reininghausgründe PED Case Study Compare
Stor-Elvdal, Campus Evenstad ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Oulu, Kaukovainio MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Case Study Uncompare
Halmstad, Fyllinge PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Lund, Brunnshög district PED Case Study Compare
Vienna, Am Kempelenpark PED Case Study Compare
Évora, Portugal POCITYF – A POsitive Energy CITY Transformation Framework PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Kladno, Sletiště (Sport Area), PED Winter Stadium SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Groningen, PED South MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Lab Uncompare
Groningen, PED North MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Lab
Maia, Sobreiro Social Housing SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Lab Compare
Lubia (Soria), CEDER-CIEMAT PED Lab Uncompare
Tampere, Ilokkaanpuisto district STARDUST – Holistic and Integrated Urban Model for Smart Cities PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Leon, Former Sugar Factory district MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Case Study Compare
Istanbul, Kadikoy district, Caferaga MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Case Study Compare
Espoo, Leppävaara district, Sello center SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Case Study Compare
Espoo, Espoonlahti district, Lippulaiva block SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Case Study Compare
Salzburg, Gneis district Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods PED Case Study Compare
Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods PED Case Study Compare
Tartu, City centre area SmartEnCity – Towards Smart Zero CO2 Cities across Europe PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Bologna, Pilastro-Roveri district GRETA – GReen Energy Transition Actions PED Relevant Case Study Uncompare
Barcelona, SEILAB & Energy SmartLab PED Lab Compare
Leipzig, Baumwollspinnerei district SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Case Study Compare
Kifissia, Energy community SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Relevant Case Study Compare
TitleGroningen, PED North
Ankara, Çamlık District
«×»
SmartEnCity, Lecce
«×»
Trenčín
«×»
Oulu, Kaukovainio
«×»
Lubia (Soria), CEDER-CIEMAT
«×»
Bologna, Pilastro-Roveri district
«×»
Groningen, PED South
«×»
A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED Lab
A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED LabGroningen, PED NorthAnkara, Çamlık DistrictSmartEnCity, LecceTrenčínOulu, KaukovainioLubia (Soria), CEDER-CIEMATBologna, Pilastro-Roveri districtGroningen, PED South
A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet
A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet
A1P003: Categorisation of the PED site
PED case studynoyesnoyesyesnonono
PED relevant case studynoyesyesnononoyesno
PED Lab.yesnonononoyesnoyes
A1P004: Targets of the PED case study / PED Lab
Climate neutralityyesyesyesyesyesnoyesyes
Annual energy surplusyesyesnoyesnononoyes
Energy communityyesyesnoyesnonoyesyes
Circularityyesnononoyesnonoyes
Air quality and urban comfortnononononoyesnono
Electrificationnoyesnonoyesnonono
Net-zero energy costnoyesnononononono
Net-zero emissionyesyesnononoyesnoyes
Self-sufficiency (energy autonomous)nononoyesnoyesnono
Maximise self-sufficiencynoyesnononononono
Othernonoyesnonononono
Other (A1P004)Carbon-free
A1P005: Phase of the PED case study / PED Lab
A1P005: Project Phase of your case study/PED LabImplementation PhasePlanning PhaseImplementation PhasePlanning PhaseIn operationImplementation PhasePlanning PhaseImplementation Phase
A1P006: Start Date
A1P006: Start date12/1810/2201/1606/1911/1909/1912/18
A1P007: End Date
A1P007: End date12/2309/2511/2312/2310/2312/23
A1P008: Reference Project
A1P008: Reference Project
A1P009: Data availability
A1P009: Data availability
  • Monitoring data available within the districts,
  • Open data city platform – different dashboards,
  • GIS open datasets
  • Open data city platform – different dashboards,
  • Meteorological open data,
  • General statistical datasets
  • GIS open datasets
  • General statistical datasets
  • Open data city platform – different dashboards,
  • Meteorological open data,
  • General statistical datasets,
  • GIS open datasets
  • Monitoring data available within the districts,
  • Open data city platform – different dashboards,
  • GIS open datasets
A1P009: Other
A1P010: Sources
Any publication, link to website, deliverable referring to the PED/PED Lab
  • TNO, Hanze, RUG,
  • Ped noord book
  • http://www.ceder.es/redes-inteligentes,
  • O. Izquierdo-Monge, Paula Peña-Carro et al. Conversion of a network section with loads, storage systems and renewable generation sources into a smart microgrid. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(11), 5012. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11115012,
  • O. Izquierdo-Monge, Paula Peña-Carro et al. A Methodology for the Conversion of a Network Section with Generation Sources, Storage and Loads into an Electrical Microgrid Based on Raspberry Pi and Home Assistant. ICSC-Cities 2020, CCIS 1359 proceedings. Springer. https:// doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69136-3_1
  • Boeri, A., Boulanger, S., Turci, G., Pagliula, S. (2021) Strategie e tecnologie abilitanti per PED misti: efficienza tra smart cities e industria 4.0. TECHNE, 22, 180-190,
  • Barroco Fontes Cunha F., Carani C., Nucci C.A., Castro C., Santana Silva M., Andrade Torres E. (2021) Transitioning to a low carbon society through energy communities: Lessons learned from Brazil and Italy, ENERGY RESEARCH & SOCIAL SCIENCE, 2021, 75, 1-19.,
  • GRETA Project, Pilastro-Roveri case study. Available at: https://projectgreta.eu/case-study/renewable-energy-district/
  • TNO, Hanze, RUG,
  • Ped noord book
A1P011: Geographic coordinates
X Coordinate (longitude):6.53512132.79536918.17446318.04687051544292225.517595084093507-2.50811.3973236.590655
Y Coordinate (latitude):53.23484639.88181240.35097248.89925138034027464.9928809817313241.60344.50710653.204087
A1P012: Country
A1P012: CountryNetherlandsTurkeyItalySlovakiaFinlandSpainItalyNetherlands
A1P013: City
A1P013: CityGroningenAnkaraLecceTrencinOuluLubia - SoriaBolognaGroningen
A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification)
A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification).CfaDsbCsaCfbDfcCfbCfaCfa
A1P015: District boundary
A1P015: District boundaryFunctionalGeographicFunctionalGeographicGeographicFunctional
OtherRegional (close to virtual)
A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab
A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab:MixedPrivateMixedMixedMixedPublicMixedMixed
A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure
A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure:Multiple OwnersMultiple OwnersMultiple OwnersMultiple OwnersSingle OwnerSingle OwnerMultiple OwnersMultiple Owners
A1P018: Number of buildings in PED
A1P018: Number of buildings in PED7257106619624
A1P019: Conditioned space
A1P019: Conditioned space [m²]1.01226002000197007.86
A1P020: Total ground area
A1P020: Total ground area [m²]17.1325080075000600006400000780000045.093
A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area
A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area00000000
A1P022: Financial schemes
A1P022a: Financing - PRIVATE - Real estateyesnonoyesyesnonoyes
A1P022a: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
A1P022b: Financing - PRIVATE - ESCO schemenononononononono
A1P022b: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
A1P022c: Financing - PRIVATE - Otheryesnonononononoyes
A1P022c: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
A1P022d: Financing - PUBLIC - EU structural fundingnonoyesyesnononono
A1P022d: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
A1P022e: Financing - PUBLIC - National fundingyesnononononoyesyes
A1P022e: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
A1P022f: Financing - PUBLIC - Regional fundingnonononononoyesno
A1P022f: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
A1P022g: Financing - PUBLIC - Municipal fundingyesnonoyesyesnoyesyes
A1P022g: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
A1P022h: Financing - PUBLIC - Othernononoyesnononono
A1P022h: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
A1P022i: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - EUyesyesnonoyesnoyesyes
A1P022i: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
A1P022j: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - Nationalnoyesnononoyesnono
A1P022j: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
A1P022k: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - Local/regionalnononononoyesyesno
A1P022k: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
A1P022l: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - Othernonoyesnonononono
A1P022l: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
A1P022: Other
A1P023: Economic Targets
A1P023: Economic Targets
  • Boosting local businesses,
  • Boosting local and sustainable production
  • Boosting local and sustainable production
  • Boosting local businesses,
  • Boosting local and sustainable production
  • Positive externalities,
  • Boosting local and sustainable production
  • Boosting local and sustainable production,
  • Boosting consumption of local and sustainable products
  • Job creation,
  • Positive externalities,
  • Boosting local businesses
  • Boosting local businesses,
  • Boosting local and sustainable production
A1P023: OtherDeveloping and demonstrating new solutions
A1P024: More comments:
A1P024: More comments:The urban morphology of Çamlık District differs in several ways, compared with the typical urban fabric in Türkiye, along with the capital city of Ankara. The houses on the site are composed of three-story attached single-housing units with multiple rows, creating a total of 257 housing units in total. Low-rise buildings coupled with suitably oriented rooftop surfaces brings about significant advantages in the site. Dense greenery in the site also results in reduced cooling energy demand in the buildings.The Centre for the Development of Renewable Energy (CEDER)is specialized in applied research, development and promotion of renewable energy. Among the facilities of this Centre, the urban laboratory CEDER-CIEMAT assess the performance of different configurations of energy networks at the district level. This PED-Lab infrastructure is an energy district that connects six office buildings with energy generation installations by means of two energy rings: electrical grid (in operation phase) and thermal network (in the implementation phase). The buildings of this PED Lab can act as energy demanders or suppliers depending on the climatic and operational conditions. The majority of these buildings are constructed with conventional technologies but some of them are implemented with efficient and sustainable measures. The thermal network is composed by two biomass boilers, 300 kW power each, and water tanks with 90 kWh of thermal storage. This network will shortly be expanded with a low temperature (90°C) and high temperature (150°-250°C) rings. The low-temperature ring is made up by two Stirling engine cogeneration boilers (one biomass gasification boiler and one gas boiler). The high-temperature ring has a thermal generator made up of Fresnel solar concentrators and an ORC cogeneration system fed directly from the solar concentrator. The high-temperature ring is interconnected with the low-temperature ring through an oil/water heat exchanger. This network has thermal storage systems in the modalities of: aquifers, boreholes, phase change materials, cold storage with geothermal exchange ground recovery and thermal storage at very low temperature with zeolites. The electrical grid incorporates different renewable generation technologies (50 kW wind turbine and eight different photovoltaic systems, a reversible hydraulic system), and engine generator of 100 kVA, electricity storages (batteries) and flexible loads.The Pilastro-Roveri area is a large peri-urban district in the northeast of the city of Bologna (about 650 hectares). In particular, the northern area is mainly characterised by the residential sector of Rione Pilastro, a significant complex of social housing built in the 1960s in response to the housing emergency due to migrations from southern Italy and nowadays satisfying more global migrations. The southern area is instead characterised by the presence of the production district called Roveri. The area appears relevant for the research as it has several evolution potentials towards a climate-neutral district. In particular some key factors are interesting: - the presence of one of the largest photovoltaic parks in Europe on the roofs of CAAB, characterised by a production of 11,350,000 Kw/h of primary energy; - the presence of companies attentive to the issues of climate change and energy, able to act as facilitators for the area. This is the case of FIVE, a leader in the production of electric bicycles, whose plant is the first nZEB (nearly Zero Energy Building) productive building in the city; - the high presence of industrial buildings of different sizes needing a reduction in energy consumption; - the presence of obsolete, sometimes in decay, and of general highly energy-intensive buildings in the Pilastro area, accompanied by spread phenomena of energy poverty; - the presence of spaces that could be converted (e.g. unused warehouses, unexploited green areas, etc.); - the presence of an active community, characterised by numerous associations, but also by social challenges linked to multiple vulnerabilities; - the presence of local actors interested in the development of the area (including the Municipality, the University, Confindustria, ENEA, Confartigianato, etc.). Two main research projects are actually ongoing in the area, applying solutions towards energy improvement and transition strategies to guide the area towards climate neutrality: - GECO - Green Energy Community, funded by EIT Climate-KIC and active since 2019, aims to trigger a virtuous path of energy sharing between companies and citizens through the creation of an energy community. - GRETA - Green Energy Transition Actions, funded by the H2020 programme, aims to understand drivers and barriers on the involvement of citizens in the energy transition processes, by formulating Community Transition Pathways and Energy Citizenship Contracts. [from: Boeri, A., Boulanger, S., Turci, G., Pagliula, S. (2021) Strategie e tecnologie abilitanti per PED misti: efficienza tra smart cities e industria 4.0. TECHNE, 22, 180-190]
A1P025: Estimated PED case study / PED LAB costs
A1P025: Estimated PED case study / PED LAB costs [mil. EUR]05
Contact person for general enquiries
A1P026: NameJasper Tonen, Elisabeth KoopsProf. Dr. İpek Gürsel DİNOChristoph GollnerVladimír ŠkolaSamuli RinneDr. Raquel RamosProf. Danila LongoJasper Tonen, Elisabeth Koops
A1P027: OrganizationMunicipality of GroningenMiddle East Technical UniversityFFGCity of TrencinCity of OuluCentre for the Development of Renewable Energy (CEDER) - Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology Research (CIEMAT)University of Bologna - Architecture DepartmentMunicipality of Groningen
A1P028: AffiliationMunicipality / Public BodiesResearch Center / UniversityOtherOtherMunicipality / Public BodiesResearch Center / UniversityResearch Center / UniversityMunicipality / Public Bodies
A1P028: OtherProject Manager
A1P029: EmailJasper.tonen@groningen.nlipekg@metu.edu.trchristoph.gollner@ffg.atvladimir.skola@trencin.sksamuli.rinne@ouka.firaquel.ramos@ciemat.esJasper.tonen@groningen.nl
Contact person for other special topics
A1P030: NameAssoc. Prof. Onur TaylanVladimír ŠkolaSamuli RinneDr. Oscar Seco
A1P031: Emailotaylan@metu.edu.trvladimir.skola@trencin.sksamuli.rinne@ouka.fioscar.seco@ciemat.es
Pursuant to the General Data Protection RegulationYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
A2P001: Fields of application
A2P001: Fields of application
  • Energy efficiency,
  • Energy flexibility,
  • Energy production,
  • E-mobility,
  • Urban comfort (pollution, heat island, noise level etc.),
  • Waste management
  • Energy efficiency,
  • Energy production,
  • Construction materials
  • Energy efficiency,
  • Energy production,
  • E-mobility,
  • Digital technologies
  • Energy efficiency,
  • Energy flexibility
  • Energy efficiency,
  • Energy flexibility,
  • Energy production,
  • E-mobility,
  • Digital technologies,
  • Water use,
  • Indoor air quality
  • Energy efficiency,
  • Energy flexibility,
  • Energy production,
  • Digital technologies,
  • Indoor air quality
  • Energy efficiency,
  • Energy flexibility,
  • Energy production,
  • E-mobility,
  • Digital technologies,
  • Waste management
  • Energy efficiency,
  • Energy flexibility,
  • Energy production,
  • E-mobility,
  • Urban comfort (pollution, heat island, noise level etc.),
  • Waste management
A2P001: Other
A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fields
A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fieldsEnergy efficiency: - buildings energy retrofit supported by tax bonuses - replacing heat supply technologies Energy production: - installation of new (PV) systems for renewable on-site energy production; - presence of a large PV plant in the South East (2 solar parks: 12MW and 107MW) and North area (0,4 MW) Energy flexibility: - energy storage solutions, battery storage and possible hydrogen production - GRID balancing services E-mobility - Installation of new charging stations for electric vehicles; Urban Management - make use of the organizational structure Waste Management - circular use of municipal waste streamsThe energy consumption and efficiency of the energy model of Çamlık Site, created using EnergyPlus software, have been evaluated under the scenarios specified below. At each stage, a new system was incorporated to explore the potential of the area becoming a PED. In this context, four scenarios were created to compare different energy scenarios for the Ankara pilot area and to observe the impact of the included systems on energy efficiency: V_base; V_ER; V_ER,HP; V_ER,HP,PV. The basic scenario (V_base) was created using the current state without any improvement to the building envelope. This scenario was developed to determine the annual energy needs of the entire site without any intervention and serves as a reference point for the other developed models. The second scenario (V_ER) was created to improve the building envelopes of all residential units in the area, altering the U-values according to Türkiye's current building standards (TS-825). The third scenario (V_ER,HP) primarily includes a heat pump model that can use electrical energy to produce higher thermal energy and is added on top of the improvements in the second scenario. Finally, the V_ER,HP,PV scenario combines building envelope improvements, the heat pump, and the solar PV system.Different kinds of waste heat streams are utilized by heat pumps. These are district heating return water (actually this is an indirect way to cool down the flue gas in the scrubber), ventilation exhaust air and sewage water. As a normal case, in ventilation also air-to-air heat exchanges are used. PV power is harvested also, in vertical and more horizontal panels. Buildings are well insulated to decrease the needed amount of heating energy in the first place.Energy efficiency: - Buildings energy retrofit. Energy production: - Biomass Boiler capacity: 0.6 MW. Annual production: 1.2 GWh - Solar thermal collectors: 70 kW, planned extended to: 0.47MW - Geotermal & Absorption Pumps: 100 kW - Share of renewables after extension: 100% (30% solar thermal and 70% biomass) - AOC 50kW wind turbine. Awaiting installation of a two-way AC-AC converter for subsequent connection to the grid - Bornay Inclin 3 kW wind turbine, connected to 24 Vdc batteries, to be connected to the grid by means of Xantrex inverter/charger - 9kW photovoltaic park (66PV panels, brand BP Solar,type BP5140,of 140W) connected to the grid by means of two INGECON SUN 5 inverters - 5kW photovoltaic pergola (24PV panels, brand Solon, type P200, of 210W) connected to the grid by means of one INGECON SUN 5 inverter - 8.28kW photovoltaic roof (36PV panels, Brand LDK, type LDK-230P-20), connected to the grid by means of one INGECONSUN 10 inverter - 12kW photovoltaic roof (80PV panels, brand Gamesa, type GS-1501), connected to the grid. - Reversible hydraulic system connected to a 60 kW electric generator and a pumping system. -Stirling engine with a heat lamp based on natural gas, a helium cool lamp, 10kWe maximum power delivered and global performance of approximately 33%. Energy flexibility: - Thermal storage systems: water tanks 90kW, aquifers, boreholes, phase change materials, cold storage with geothermal exchange ground recovery and thermal storage at very low temperature with zeolites. - Electrical storage systems: batteries (lead-acid and lithium-ion). - Flexible loads. Control systems and Digital technologies: - Full monitoring campaign. - Smart-meters installation to monitor consumption and suggest another energy behaviours. - Dynamic simulation tools to optimize the energy performance. Urban comfort and air quality: - Meteorological stations to monitor the climate evolution. - Microclimatic simulation tools to quantify the thermal behaviour.Energy efficiency: - buildings energy retrofit supported by tax incentives (110%, façade bonus, eco-bonus, sismabonus, renovation bonus, etc.); - several activities - such as Workshops, Webinars, Roundtables, Urban Trekking, etc…- are encouraged in the area to deepen knowledge and raise awareness on energy issues among urban stakeholders (householders, occupants, workers, etc..); - reduction in energy consumption also through every day energy saving actions. The spread of energy poverty phenomena in the area is considered urgent both for the medium-low-income population living in Pilastro and for small and medium-sized enterprises placed in Roveri; - Project for a One-stop-shop to guide residents and enterprises towards more conscious energy behaviours (planned in Bologna SECAP). Energy production: - installation of new photovoltaic (PV) systems for renewable on-site energy production; - presence of a waste to energy plant connected to the district heating system; - presence of a large PV plant in the CAAB area - 11,350,000 Kw/h Energy flexibility: - testing energy community and collective self-consumption feasibility in Pilastro area through an active citizens involvement process; - testing energy community feasibility among SMEs in Roveri industrial area; - testing the potential of complementary energy consumption profiles between residential area (Pilastro) and industrial area (Roveri). Digital technologies: - smart-meters installation in some dwellings in order to monitor consumption and suggest more sustainable energy behaviors; - Blog Pilastro as a tool to inform about the main activities and events ongoing in the area; E-mobility - Installation of new charging stations for electric vehicles; - e-bike/bikesharing services recovery (in fact during Covid-19 in the area Mobike service was suspended) and implementation. Urban comfort and air quality - Control units for air pollutants concentration (PM2.5, PM10, NO2); - Microclimatic simulationEnergy efficiency: - buildings energy retrofit supported by tax bonuses - replacing heat supply technologies Energy production: - installation of new (PV) systems for renewable on-site energy production; - presence of a large PV plant in the South East (2 solar parks: 12MW and 107MW) and North area (0,4 MW) Energy flexibility: - energy storage solutions, battery storage and possible hydrogen production - GRID balancing services E-mobility - Installation of new charging stations for electric vehicles; Urban Management - make use of the organizational structure Waste Management - circular use of municipal waste streams
A2P003: Application of ISO52000
A2P003: Application of ISO52000NoYesNoNoYesNo
A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balance
A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balanceNoYesNoYesNoNo
A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balance
A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balanceNoNoNoNoNoNo
A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculation
A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculationMobility, till now, is not included in the energy model.Mobility is not included in the calculations.Not included. However, there is a charging place for a shared EV in one building.Mobility, till now, is not included in the energy model.
A2P007: Annual energy demand in buildings / Thermal demand
A2P007: Annual energy demand in buildings / Thermal demand [GWh/annum]2.33.4462.11.86
A2P008: Annual energy demand in buildings / Electric Demand
A2P008: Annual energy demand in buildings / Electric Demand [GWh/annum]0.330.5280.21.45
A2P009: Annual energy demand for e-mobility
A2P009: Annual energy demand for e-mobility [GWh/annum]
A2P010: Annual energy demand for urban infrastructure
A2P010: Annual energy demand for urban infrastructure [GWh/annum]
A2P011: Annual renewable electricity production on-site during target year
A2P011: PVnoyesnonoyesyesyesno
A2P011: PV - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]3.42400.1
A2P011: Windnononononoyesnono
A2P011: Wind - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
A2P011: Hydronononononoyesnono
A2P011: Hydro - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
A2P011: Biomass_elnononononoyesnono
A2P011: Biomass_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
A2P011: Biomass_peat_elnononononononono
A2P011: Biomass_peat_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
A2P011: PVT_elnononononononono
A2P011: PVT_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
A2P011: Othernononononononono
A2P011: Other - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
A2P012: Annual renewable thermal production on-site during target year
A2P012: Geothermalyesnonononoyesnoyes
A2P012 - Geothermal: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
A2P012: Solar Thermalyesnonononoyesyesyes
A2P012 - Solar Thermal: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
A2P012: Biomass_heatyesnonononoyesyesyes
A2P012 - Biomass_heat: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]0.1
A2P012: Waste heat+HPyesnononoyesyesnoyes
A2P012 - Waste heat+HP: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]2.2
A2P012: Biomass_peat_heatnononononononono
A2P012 - Biomass_peat_heat: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
A2P012: PVT_thyesnonononononoyes
A2P012 - PVT_th: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
A2P012: Biomass_firewood_thnononononoyesnono
A2P012 - Biomass_firewood_th: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
A2P012: Othernononononononono
A2P012 - Other: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
A2P013: Renewable resources on-site - Additional notes
A2P013: Renewable resources on-site - Additional notesGeothermal heatpump systems, Waste heat from data centersHeat is produced from DH return, refrigeration and exhaust air. The mentioned 2200 MWh/a includes HP el. consumption (about 1/6 of that)Geothermal heatpump systems, Waste heat from data centers
A2P014: Annual energy use
A2P014: Annual energy use [GWh/annum]3.9762.3
A2P015: Annual energy delivered
A2P015: Annual energy delivered [GWh/annum]
A2P016: Annual non-renewable electricity production on-site during target year
A2P016: Annual non-renewable electricity production on-site during target year [GWh/annum]0
A2P017: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year
A2P017: Gasnoyesnononononono
A2P017 - Gas: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum]
A2P017: Coalnononononononono
A2P017 - Coal: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum]
A2P017: Oilnononononononono
A2P017 - Oil: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum]
A2P017: Othernononononononono
A2P017 - Other: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum]
A2P018: Annual renewable electricity imports from outside the boundary during target year
A2P018: PVnonononoyesnonono
A2P018 - PV: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
A2P018: Windnonononoyesnonono
A2P018 - Wind: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
A2P018: Hydrononononoyesnonono
A2P018 - Hydro: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
A2P018: Biomass_elnonononoyesnonono
A2P018 - Biomass_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
A2P018: Biomass_peat_elnonononoyesnonono
A2P018 - Biomass_peat_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
A2P018: PVT_elnononononononono
A2P018 - PVT_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
A2P018: Othernononononononono
A2P018 - Other: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
A2P019: Annual renewable thermal imports from outside the boundary during target year
A2P019: Geothermalnononononononono
A2P019 Geothermal: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
A2P019: Solar Thermalnononononononono
A2P019 Solar Thermal: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
A2P019: Biomass_heatnonononoyesnonono
A2P019 Biomass_heat: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]0.7
A2P019: Waste heat+HPnononononononono
A2P019 Waste heat+HP: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
A2P019: Biomass_peat_heatnononononononono
A2P019 Biomass_peat_heat: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
A2P019: PVT_thnononononononono
A2P019 PVT_th: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
A2P019: Biomass_firewood_thnononononononono
A2P019 Biomass_firewood_th: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
A2P019: Othernononononononono
A2P019 Other: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary
A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary00003.2857142857143000
A2P021: GHG-balance calculated for the PED
A2P021: GHG-balance calculated for the PED [tCO2/annum]0
A2P022: KPIs related to the PED case study / PED Lab
A2P022: Safety & Security
A2P022: HealthEncouraging a healthy lifestyle
A2P022: Education
A2P022: MobilityModal Split, Fuel mix in mobility, Energy use for transportation, Access to public transport, Public infrastructure promoting low-carbon mobility, Number of public EV charging stations, Energy delivered for EV charging
A2P022: EnergyFinal energy consumption, Primary energy consumption, Energy imported to PED, Energy exported from PED, RES production, PED energy balance, Energy savings in the PED, GHG emissions, Reduction of emissions, Final energy consumption per capita, Primary energy consumption per capita, Primary energy sources (shares), Buildings connected to DH-network or renewable energy grid, GHG emissions per capita, System flexibility for energy players, RES storage usage, Peak load reduction
A2P022: Water
A2P022: Economic developmentTotal investments, Payback time, Economic value of savings
A2P022: Housing and CommunityDevelopment of housing prices, Housing cost overburden rate, Citizen engagement/empowerment to climate conscious actions, Inhabitants in dense areas, Energy poverty
A2P022: WasteRecycling rate
A2P022: OtherSmart Cities strategies, Quality of open data
A2P023: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Generation
A2P023: Photovoltaicsyesyesyesnoyesyesyesyes
A2P023: Solar thermal collectorsyesnoyesnonoyesyesyes
A2P023: Wind Turbinesnononononoyesnono
A2P023: Geothermal energy systemyesnonononoyesyesyes
A2P023: Waste heat recoveryyesnononoyesyesnoyes
A2P023: Waste to energyyesnononononoyesyes
A2P023: Polygenerationnononononoyesnono
A2P023: Co-generationnonononoyesyesyesno
A2P023: Heat Pumpyesyesnonoyesyesyesyes
A2P023: Hydrogennononononoyesnono
A2P023: Hydropower plantnononononoyesnono
A2P023: Biomassnonononoyesyesnono
A2P023: Biogasnononononononono
A2P023: Other
A2P024: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Flexibility
A2P024: A2P024: Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)yesnoyesnoyesyesyesyes
A2P024: Energy management systemyesnonoyesyesyesnoyes
A2P024: Demand-side managementyesnonononoyesnono
A2P024: Smart electricity gridnononononoyesnono
A2P024: Thermal Storageyesnonoyesyesyesnoyes
A2P024: Electric Storageyesnonoyesnoyesyesyes
A2P024: District Heating and Coolingyesnoyesyesyesyesyesyes
A2P024: Smart metering and demand-responsive control systemsyesnonononoyesnoyes
A2P024: P2P – buildingsnononononononono
A2P024: Other
A2P025: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Efficiency
A2P025: Deep Retrofittingnoyesyesyesyesyesyesno
A2P025: Energy efficiency measures in historic buildingsyesnonoyesnononoyes
A2P025: High-performance new buildingsyesnononoyesnoyesyes
A2P025: Smart Public infrastructure (e.g. smart lighting)yesnononononoyesyes
A2P025: Urban data platformsyesnononoyesnonoyes
A2P025: Mobile applications for citizensnonononononoyesno
A2P025: Building services (HVAC & Lighting)noyesnoyesyesyesyesno
A2P025: Smart irrigationnononononononono
A2P025: Digital tracking for waste disposalnonononononoyesno
A2P025: Smart surveillancenonononononoyesno
A2P025: Other
A2P026: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Mobility
A2P026: Efficiency of vehicles (public and/or private)nonononoyesnoyesno
A2P026: Measures to reduce traffic volume (e.g. measure to support public transportation, shared mobility, measure to reduce journeys and distances)nonononoyesnoyesno
A2P026: e-Mobilityyesnoyesnoyesnoyesyes
A2P026: Soft mobility infrastructures and last mile solutionsnonononoyesnoyesno
A2P026: Car-free areanononononoyesnono
A2P026: Other
A2P027: Mobility strategies - Additional notes
A2P027: Mobility strategies - Additional notesSUMP AVAILABLE
A2P028: Energy efficiency certificates
A2P028: Energy efficiency certificatesYesNoYesYesYesYes
A2P028: If yes, please specify and/or enter notesEnergy Performance CertificateThe obligatory buildijng energy classificationIn Spain it is mandatory the Energy Performance Certificate in order to buy or rent a house or a dwellingEnergy Performance Certificate for each dwellingEnergy Performance Certificate
A2P029: Any other building / district certificates
A2P029: Any other building / district certificatesNoNoNoNo
A2P029: If yes, please specify and/or enter notes
A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy
A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy
  • Energy master planning (SECAP, etc.),
  • New development strategies,
  • National / international city networks addressing sustainable urban development and climate neutrality
  • Climate change adaption plan/strategy (e.g. Climate City contract),
  • National / international city networks addressing sustainable urban development and climate neutrality
  • Smart cities strategies
  • Smart cities strategies,
  • Urban Renewal Strategies,
  • Energy master planning (SECAP, etc.),
  • New development strategies,
  • Climate change adaption plan/strategy (e.g. Climate City contract),
  • National / international city networks addressing sustainable urban development and climate neutrality
  • Smart cities strategies,
  • New development strategies,
  • Promotion of energy communities (REC/CEC),
  • Climate change adaption plan/strategy (e.g. Climate City contract)
  • Urban Renewal Strategies,
  • Energy master planning (SECAP, etc.),
  • Promotion of energy communities (REC/CEC),
  • Climate change adaption plan/strategy (e.g. Climate City contract),
  • National / international city networks addressing sustainable urban development and climate neutrality
  • Energy master planning (SECAP, etc.),
  • New development strategies,
  • National / international city networks addressing sustainable urban development and climate neutrality
A3P002: Quantitative targets included in the city / national strategy
A3P002: Quantitative targets included in the city / national strategyCarbon neutrality by 2035- Testing the combination of renewable technologies at district level. - Optimization of the generation side based on the weather forecasting and demand side. - Optimization of the control system, connected to the central node, to design and perform virtual analyses based on the combination of all the systems and infrastructures. - Optimization of ICT systems. - Design and management of a virtual analysis - Optimization of efficient measures: building performance, user´s behaviour… - Combination of flexible storage systems to operate the global installation.City level targets Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (PUMS) - 2019 | Targets: - by 2030 440,000 daily trips will no longer be made by car but on foot, by bike or by public transport; - by 2030 12% of vehicles will be electric; Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan (SECAP) - 2021 | Targets: - by 2025 deep renovation of 3% per year of residential homes (insulation of building envelopes and adoption of heat pump heating system); - by 2030 reduction of electricity consumption at least of 20% compared to 2018; - by 2030 100% coverage of electricity consumption for municipal buildings; - by 2030 increase public green areas by at least 10% Urban General Plan (PUG) - 2021 | Targets: - by 2030 net zero land consumption; National level targets Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan - 2020 | Targets: - by 2030 reduction of 43% for primary energy consumption, with respect to the reference 2007 scenario. - by 2030 increase of 30% of energy production from renewable sources; - by 2025 energy generation for electricity independent from the use of coal;
A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid
A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid
  • Electrification of Heating System based on Heat Pumps,
  • Electrification of Cooking Methods,
  • Biogas
  • Electrification of Heating System based on Heat Pumps
  • Electrification of Heating System based on Heat Pumps,
  • Biogas,
  • Hydrogen
  • Electrification of Heating System based on Heat Pumps,
  • Electrification of Cooking Methods
  • Electrification of Heating System based on Heat Pumps,
  • Electrification of Cooking Methods,
  • Biogas
A3P003: OtherSECAP developed in 2023
A3P004: Identification of needs and priorities
A3P004: Identification of needs and prioritiesAccording to the model developed for the district, the electrification of heating and cooling is necessary with heat pumps. Rooftop photovoltaic panels also have the potential for renewable energy generation. Through net-metering practices, the district is expected to reach energy positivity through this scenario.SELF SUSTAINABILITY, SELF EFFICIENCYDeveloping and demonstrating solutions for carbon neutrality- Create a thermal energy storage tank to be used for air conditioning the buildings. - Some buildings need to be renovated both to increase the energy performance, the seismic behaviour and spaces liveability and comfort. - Optimizing the coupling between technologies. - Guarantee the flexibility to operate the renewable installations to operate in different phases and with different configurations. - CEDER is a public research center and needs to have connected any energy system to the same grid. - CEDER has an industrial develop area where some experimental thermal storage system could be tested.Bologna needs to reach the climate neutrality proceeding by ‘part’ of the city. Pilastro-Roveri is a promising district due to the following reasons: - some buildings need to be renovated both to increase the energy performance, the seismic behaviour, spaces liveability and comfort; - Pilastro is a residential area with the presence of a high percentage of vulnerable inhabitants affected by energy poverty phenomenon. This situation needs to be prioritized; - Pilastro is characterized by the presence of large underused green spaces that can represent a valuable resource for social cohesion and for heat island phenomenon mitigation; - Roveri is an industrial area where some small-medium enterprises are investing in order to improve their facilities and to efficiency their production cycle; - Roveri and Pilastro areas present complementary energy consumption curves throughout the day/week with a high potential for energy sharing and flexibility.
A3P005: Sustainable behaviour
A3P005: Sustainable behaviourIn Groningen we are working with different sustainable behaviours approaches and also developed the Unified Citizen Engagement Approach (UCEA). Currently, there are two different approaches in use in the municipality of Groningen: the District energy approach (Wijkgerichte aanpak, developed by the Municipality of Groningen) and the Cooperative approach (Coöperative Aanpak, developed by Grunneger Power). Based upon those approaches and knowledge that is gained through social research executed by TNO and HUAS the new Unified Citizen Engagement Approach (UCEA) has been developed.BASED ON SECAP DEVELOPED IN 2023E. g. visualizing energy and water consumption- Minimize the building energy consumption while maintaining indoor comfort levels. - Onsite renewable production with flexible storage elements to fix demand side and generation side. - Flexible control solutions through digitalization systems.Bologna SECAP, as well as the participation to the 100 Climate-Neutral Cities, promotes the PED model as an enabling tool to foster city energy transition process. In Pilastro-Roveri district two main sustainable behaviours approaches can be identified: - bottom-up approach - some citizens are joining forces to create groups of energy self-consumption, in view of energy communities’ implementation and, at the same time, some companies have already undertaken some efficiency intervention on the production system by leveraging highly energy-efficient technologies; - top-down approach - GECO and GRETA are international ongoing projects on the area that promote innovation and energy transition with important fundings from the European Union, but with a particular focus on citizen engagement and participatory approach. Simultaneously, new and updated planning tools such as PUG, SECAP and SUMP identify in this part of Bologna city a key area to enable an ecological transition process holding together all relevant stakeholders - citizens, small-medium enterprises and Institutions. These two thrusts (bottom-up and top-down) need to be optimized in view of a participatory pathway towards the grounding of a Positive Energy District in Pilastro-Roveri.In Groningen we are working with different sustainable behaviours approaches and also developed the Unified Citizen Engagement Approach (UCEA). Currently, there are two different approaches in use in the municipality of Groningen: the District energy approach (Wijkgerichte aanpak, developed by the Municipality of Groningen) and the Cooperative approach (Coöperative Aanpak, developed by Grunneger Power). Based upon those approaches and knowledge that is gained through social research executed by TNO and HUAS the new Unified Citizen Engagement Approach (UCEA) has been developed.
A3P006: Economic strategies
A3P006: Economic strategies
  • Innovative business models,
  • Blockchain
  • Open data business models,
  • Innovative business models,
  • PPP models,
  • Life Cycle Cost,
  • Circular economy models
  • Demand management Living Lab
  • Innovative business models,
  • PPP models,
  • Circular economy models,
  • Demand management Living Lab,
  • Existing incentives
  • Innovative business models,
  • Blockchain
A3P006: Other
A3P007: Social models
A3P007: Social models
  • Strategies towards (local) community-building,
  • Co-creation / Citizen engagement strategies,
  • Citizen Social Research,
  • Prevention of energy poverty,
  • Citizen/owner involvement in planning and maintenance
  • Strategies towards (local) community-building,
  • Co-creation / Citizen engagement strategies,
  • Affordability
  • Co-creation / Citizen engagement strategies,
  • Behavioural Change / End-users engagement,
  • Citizen Social Research,
  • Policy Forums,
  • Quality of Life,
  • Strategies towards social mix,
  • Affordability,
  • Prevention of energy poverty,
  • Citizen/owner involvement in planning and maintenance,
  • Educational activities and trainings (including capacity building towards technology literacy, energy efficient behaviour)
  • Digital Inclusion,
  • Educational activities and trainings (including capacity building towards technology literacy, energy efficient behaviour)
  • Strategies towards (local) community-building,
  • Co-creation / Citizen engagement strategies,
  • Behavioural Change / End-users engagement,
  • Citizen Social Research,
  • Policy Forums,
  • Affordability,
  • Prevention of energy poverty,
  • Digital Inclusion,
  • Citizen/owner involvement in planning and maintenance,
  • Educational activities and trainings (including capacity building towards technology literacy, energy efficient behaviour)
  • Strategies towards (local) community-building,
  • Co-creation / Citizen engagement strategies,
  • Citizen Social Research,
  • Prevention of energy poverty,
  • Citizen/owner involvement in planning and maintenance
A3P007: Other
A3P008: Integrated urban strategies
A3P008: Integrated urban strategies
  • Strategic urban planning,
  • District Energy plans,
  • City Vision 2050,
  • SECAP Updates
  • Digital twinning and visual 3D models,
  • District Energy plans
  • Strategic urban planning,
  • District Energy plans,
  • City Vision 2050,
  • SECAP Updates
  • District Energy plans,
  • Building / district Certification
  • Strategic urban planning,
  • Digital twinning and visual 3D models,
  • City Vision 2050,
  • SECAP Updates,
  • Building / district Certification
  • Strategic urban planning,
  • District Energy plans,
  • City Vision 2050,
  • SECAP Updates
A3P008: Other
A3P009: Environmental strategies
A3P009: Environmental strategies
  • Energy Neutral
  • Energy Neutral,
  • Low Emission Zone
  • Carbon-free
  • Energy Neutral,
  • Net zero carbon footprint
  • Energy Neutral,
  • Low Emission Zone,
  • Pollutants Reduction,
  • Greening strategies
  • Energy Neutral,
  • Low Emission Zone,
  • Net zero carbon footprint,
  • Life Cycle approach,
  • Pollutants Reduction,
  • Greening strategies
  • Energy Neutral
A3P009: OtherEnergy Positive, Low Emission Zone
A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspects
A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspectsAt national/regional/local level a legislation on PEDs development is not yet available in the Netherlands. There will be a new Environmental Act and Heat Act in the nearby future. We are working on a paper about the current legal barriers, which are in short for Groningen:  Lack of legal certainty and clarity with regard to the energy legislation.  Lack of coherence between policy and legislation from different ministries.  The planned revision of the Dutch Heat Law prevents Groningen from effectively realizing sustainable heat transition plans and goals.  Lack of capacity on the distribution grid for electricity- European Commission has legislated on Energy Community (Renewable energy directive - 2018/2001/EU and Common rules for the internal electricity market directive- 2019/944/EU). - Spanish building certification is regulated through Royal Decree 235/2013.PEDs in Italy are meant as strategies towards climate-neutrality: at national/regional/local level a specific legislation on PEDs development is not yet available. However, the European Commission has legislated on Energy Community (‘Renewable energy’ directive - 2018/2001/EU and ‘Common rules for the internal electricity market’ directive- 2019/944/EU). Italy, starting from 2020, has transposed the Directives at national level (‘Milleproroghe’ decree then made effective by ‘Promotion of Renewable sources’ decree 199/2021). At regional level Emilia Romagna in May 2022 developed a law encouraging EC model diffusion (LR 5/2022 ‘Promotion and support of renewable energy communities and renewable energy self-consumers acting collectively’). Energy Community, according to Lindholm et al. 2021, can be considered as ‘a first implementation step towards PEDs.’At national/regional/local level a legislation on PEDs development is not yet available in the Netherlands. There will be a new Environmental Act and Heat Act in the nearby future. We are working on a paper about the current legal barriers, which are in short for Groningen:  Lack of legal certainty and clarity with regard to the energy legislation.  Lack of coherence between policy and legislation from different ministries.  The planned revision of the Dutch Heat Law prevents Groningen from effectively realizing sustainable heat transition plans and goals.  Lack of capacity on the distribution grid for electricity
B1P001: PED/PED relevant concept definition
B1P001: PED/PED relevant concept definitionÇamlık District, unlike many other districts in Ankara, has a specific urban morphology that draws near the other pilot zones considered by the partners of PED-ACT. The site has three-storey single housing units, along with a fair amount of greenery around. Furthermore, the roof areas enable large amounts of PV installment, which results in higher amounts of local renewable energy potential. Therefore, the district is a good fit for PED development.GOOD MIX OF PUBLIC PRIVATE BUILDINGSThe original idea is that the area produces at least as much it consumes.Pilastro-Roveri district can be considered as a PED-relevant area. Even though at the moment the area doesn’t meet annual energy positive balance, it addresses some relevant key aspects listed in the JPI UE PED Framework Definition such as: - high level of aspiration in terms of energy efficiency, energy flexibility and energy production; - integration of different systems and infrastructures; - inclusion of aspects not only related to energy sector, but also connected with social, economic and environmental sustainability.
B1P002: Motivation behind PED/PED relevant project development
B1P002: Motivation behind PED/PED relevant project developmentPED-ACT project.Replication of unique PED know howDeveloping systems towards carbon neutrality. Also urban renewal.Pilastro-Roveri district is not actually meant to become a PEDs. However, it can be considered as a PED-relevant case-study since a participatory transition pathway towards a more sustainable, efficient and resilient district is gaining ground, involving the main urban stakeholders. At the same time, the most recent city plan and policies (such as the city SECAPs - updated in 2021) are promoting PED model as a key strategy to guide Bologna towards climate neutrality by 2030.
B1P003: Environment of the case study area
B2P003: Environment of the case study areaSuburban areaUrban areaSuburban areaRuralUrban area
B1P004: Type of district
B2P004: Type of district
  • Renovation
  • Renovation
  • New construction,
  • Renovation
  • New construction,
  • Renovation
  • Renovation
B1P005: Case Study Context
B1P005: Case Study Context
  • Retrofitting Area
  • Retrofitting Area
  • Retrofitting Area
  • New Development,
  • Retrofitting Area
  • Retrofitting Area
B1P006: Year of construction
B1P006: Year of construction1986
B1P007: District population before intervention - Residential
B1P007: District population before intervention - Residential3500
B1P008: District population after intervention - Residential
B1P008: District population after intervention - Residential3500
B1P009: District population before intervention - Non-residential
B1P009: District population before intervention - Non-residential
B1P010: District population after intervention - Non-residential
B1P010: District population after intervention - Non-residential
B1P011: Population density before intervention
B1P011: Population density before intervention00000000
B1P012: Population density after intervention
B1P012: Population density after intervention00000.058333333333333000
B1P013: Building and Land Use before intervention
B1P013: Residentialnoyesnonoyesnoyesno
B1P013 - Residential: Specify the sqm [m²]50800
B1P013: Officenonononononoyesno
B1P013 - Office: Specify the sqm [m²]
B1P013: Industry and Utilitynonononononoyesno
B1P013 - Industry and Utility: Specify the sqm [m²]
B1P013: Commercialnonononoyesnoyesno
B1P013 - Commercial: Specify the sqm [m²]
B1P013: Institutionalnonononononoyesno
B1P013 - Institutional: Specify the sqm [m²]
B1P013: Natural areasnonononoyesnoyesno
B1P013 - Natural areas: Specify the sqm [m²]
B1P013: Recreationalnonononoyesnoyesno
B1P013 - Recreational: Specify the sqm [m²]
B1P013: Dismissed areasnonononononoyesno
B1P013 - Dismissed areas: Specify the sqm [m²]
B1P013: Othernononononononono
B1P013 - Other: Specify the sqm [m²]
B1P014: Building and Land Use after intervention
B1P014: Residentialnoyesnonoyesnoyesno
B1P014 - Residential: Specify the sqm [m²]50800
B1P014: Officenonononononoyesno
B1P014 - Office: Specify the sqm [m²]
B1P014: Industry and Utilitynonononononoyesno
B1P014 - Industry and Utility: Specify the sqm [m²]
B1P014: Commercialnonononoyesnoyesno
B1P014 - Commercial: Specify the sqm [m²]
B1P014: Institutionalnonononononoyesno
B1P014 - Institutional: Specify the sqm [m²]
B1P014: Natural areasnonononoyesnoyesno
B1P014 - Natural areas: Specify the sqm [m²]
B1P014: Recreationalnonononoyesnoyesno
B1P014 - Recreational: Specify the sqm [m²]
B1P014: Dismissed areasnonononononoyesno
B1P014 - Dismissed areas: Specify the sqm [m²]
B1P014: Othernononononononono
B1P014 - Other: Specify the sqm [m²]
B2P001: PED Lab concept definition
B2P001: PED Lab concept definitionGroningen was selected as Lighthouse City for the MAKING-CITY project. MAKING-CITY is a 60-month Horizon 2020 project launched in December 2018. It aims to address and demonstrate the urban energy system transformation towards smart and low-carbon cities, based on the Positive Energy District (PED) concept. The PED operational models developed in MAKING-CITY will help European and other cities around the world to adopt a long-term City Vision 2050 for energy transition and sustainable urbanisation whilst turning citizens into actors of this transformation. Groningen works with two PED districts in two completely different neighbourhoods in terms of structure and buildings. This is why we see this as a lab: to see wat works and what doesn’t. In order to be able to implement this in the rest of the city.Groningen was selected as Lighthouse City for the MAKING-CITY project. MAKING-CITY is a 60-month Horizon 2020 project launched in December 2018. It aims to address and demonstrate the urban energy system transformation towards smart and low-carbon cities, based on the Positive Energy District (PED) concept. The PED operational models developed in MAKING-CITY will help European and other cities around the world to adopt a long-term City Vision 2050 for energy transition and sustainable urbanisation whilst turning citizens into actors of this transformation. Groningen works with two PED districts in two completely different neighbourhoods in terms of structure and buildings. This is why we see this as a lab: to see wat works and what doesn’t. In order to be able to implement this in the rest of the city.
B2P002: Installation life time
B2P002: Installation life timeThe MAKING-CITY project lasts from November 2018 – November 2023. By that time PED North and PED South East are a fact.CEDER will follow an integrative approach including technology for a permanent installation.The MAKING-CITY project lasts from November 2018 – November 2023. By that time PED North and PED South East are a fact.
B2P003: Scale of action
B2P003: ScaleDistrictDistrictDistrict
B2P004: Operator of the installation
B2P004: Operator of the installationThe Municipality of Groningen is Manager of the lab but works closely with other parties such as the university, university of applied sciences, research institute TNO and several other parties.CIEMAT. Data detail in contact: mariano.martin@ciemat.es and oscar.izquiedo@ciemat.esThe Municipality of Groningen is Manager of the lab but works closely with other parties such as the university, university of applied sciences, research institute TNO and several other parties.
B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materials
B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materialsGroningen does not have a strategy to reuse and recyle materialsGroningen does not have a strategy to reuse and recyle materials
B2P006: Circular Economy Approach
B2P006: Do you apply any strategy to reuse and recycling the materials?NoNoNo
B2P006: Other
B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab
B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab
  • Civic
  • Strategic
  • Civic
B2P007: Other
B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED Lab
B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED LabMunicipalityResearch center/UniversityMunicipality
B2P008: Other
B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab
B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab
  • Academia,
  • Private,
  • Industrial,
  • Other
  • Academia,
  • Industrial
  • Academia,
  • Private,
  • Industrial,
  • Other
B2P009: Otherresearch companies, monitoring company, ict companyresearch companies, monitoring company, ict company
B2P010: Synergies between the fields of activities
B2P010: Synergies between the fields of activitiesThe operation of the laboratory with all the components of the energy networks requires a collaborative work between various departments and entities. On the one hand, it is necessary to optimize the operation of renewable systems based on the weather conditions, forecast of the demand side and the flexibility of the generation systems. On the other hand, the optimization of the energy demands through a more sustainable behaviour of both the building and the users want to be acquired. For this, it is necessary to take into account technical aspects but also market, comfort and encourage the user participation, creating a decision-making matrix that allows optimizing the operation of the global system.
B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab
B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab
  • Buildings,
  • Demand-side management,
  • Energy storage,
  • Energy networks,
  • Waste management,
  • Lighting,
  • E-mobility,
  • Information and Communication Technologies (ICT),
  • Social interactions,
  • Business models
  • Buildings,
  • Demand-side management,
  • Prosumers,
  • Renewable generation,
  • Energy storage,
  • Energy networks,
  • Efficiency measures,
  • Information and Communication Technologies (ICT),
  • Ambient measures,
  • Social interactions
  • Buildings,
  • Demand-side management,
  • Energy storage,
  • Energy networks,
  • Waste management,
  • Lighting,
  • E-mobility,
  • Information and Communication Technologies (ICT),
  • Social interactions,
  • Business models
B2P011: Other
B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab
B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab
  • Tools for prototyping and modelling
  • Monitoring and evaluation infrastructure,
  • Tools for prototyping and modelling
  • Tools for prototyping and modelling
B2P013: Availability of the facilities for external people
B2P013: Availability of the facilities for external people
B2P014: Monitoring measures
B2P014: Monitoring measures
  • Execution plan,
  • Available data,
  • Type of measured data,
  • Equipment,
  • Level of access
  • Equipment
  • Execution plan,
  • Available data,
  • Type of measured data,
  • Equipment,
  • Level of access
B2P015: Key Performance indicators
B2P015: Key Performance indicators
  • Energy,
  • Social,
  • Economical / Financial
  • Energy,
  • Environmental,
  • Economical / Financial
  • Energy,
  • Social,
  • Economical / Financial
B2P016: Execution of operations
B2P016: Execution of operations
B2P017: Capacities
B2P017: Capacities- Innovative grid configuration to connect bio boilers and solar thermal on buildings. - Environmental & air quality evaluation. - Testing and evaluation of high efficient heating & cooling systems: Gas, biomass, geothermal and absorption H&C pumps … - Definition and implementation of the different regulation modes for the global system. Using the data from the research focused-partners, several regulation modes for the DH network could be defined and implemented in order to obtain an optimal operation of the network. - Innovation in MPC control to enable harvesting 100% renewables in the most efficient way. - Physical integration of the technologies with the existing facilities at the living lab. - Connection between the solar thermal collectors to achieve the lowest heat losses, providing the possibility to use the grid as high or low temperature DH, according to the demand schedule of the buildings. - Test the bio-boiler of the last generation and ultra-low emissions biomass condensing boiler in order to increase efficiency and reduce GHG and air pollutant emissions of the DH plant. - Control of the supply temperature of the DH grid to enable 100% renewables harvesting in the most efficient way. - Research of the incidence of a normal building or a bioclimatic building in the DH grid demand. - Methodologies for concept validation: Definition of the minimum requirements to verify the suitability of the solutions proposed. - Tests campaign: Experimental operation and characterization in a relevant environment, to exploit the technologies at their best and test different demand profiles, different configuration and loads, with real time monitoring and continuous commissioning to control the performance of the technology. - Validation and upgrading recommendation for the DH&C at district level. - Evaluation of innovation actions for potential energy interventions with demand response in buildings. - The complete available infrastructure (MV and LV electric systems, transformation hubs, end consumption, generation sources, communication elements, etc.) belongs to CEDER-CIEMAT, making this the perfect scenario to test and try the performance of “Smart Grid” and “Microgrid” projects. - The type of electric grid, its voltage levels (MV or LV), its variety of real loads (different buildings with different profiles: industrial buildings, offices and so on) and its sources of renewable generation and storage, mean it is ideal for intermediate tests between a small-scale laboratory and final deployment of the real product.
B2P018: Relations with stakeholders
B2P018: Relations with stakeholdersInvolvement of local stakeholders for supporting the private-public partnershipsCEDER - CIEMAT is a public research body assigned to the Ministry of Science and Innovation under the General Secretariat for Research, focusing on energy and environment. To develop this lab CIEMAT has relations with private renewable companies, research centers and academia institutions.
B2P019: Available tools
B2P019: Available tools
  • Energy modelling,
  • Social models,
  • Business and financial models
  • Energy modelling
  • Energy modelling,
  • Social models,
  • Business and financial models
B2P019: Available tools
B2P020: External accessibility
B2P020: External accessibilityCIEMAT is a public body, so it´s open to any institution according the actual regulation and agreements.
C1P001: Unlocking Factors
C1P001: Recent technological improvements for on-site RES production3 - Moderately important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important2 - Slightly important4 - Important3 - Moderately important
C1P001: Innovative, integrated, prefabricated packages for buildings envelope / Energy efficiency of building stock3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important5 - Very important4 - Important3 - Moderately important
C1P001: Energy Communities, P2P, Prosumers concepts4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important5 - Very important5 - Very important4 - Important
C1P001: Storage systems and E-mobility market penetration4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important4 - Important
C1P001: Decreasing costs of innovative materials5 - Very important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important5 - Very important
C1P001: Financial mechanisms to reduce costs and maximize benefits5 - Very important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important5 - Very important
C1P001: The ability to predict Multiple Benefits3 - Moderately important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important3 - Moderately important4 - Important3 - Moderately important
C1P001: The ability to predict the distribution of benefits and impacts3 - Moderately important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important4 - Important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
C1P001: Citizens improved awareness and engagement on sustainable energy issues (bottom-up)5 - Very important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important4 - Important5 - Very important5 - Very important
C1P001: Social acceptance (top-down)3 - Moderately important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important
C1P001: Improved local and national policy frameworks (i.e. incentives, laws etc.)4 - Important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important4 - Important4 - Important
C1P001: Presence of integrated urban strategies and plans3 - Moderately important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important
C1P001: Multidisciplinary approaches available for systemic integration2 - Slightly important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important2 - Slightly important4 - Important2 - Slightly important
C1P001: Availability of grants (from EC or other donors) to finance the PED Lab projects3 - Moderately important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important5 - Very important4 - Important3 - Moderately important
C1P001: Availability of RES on site (Local RES)4 - Important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important5 - Very important4 - Important4 - Important
C1P001: Ongoing or established collaboration on Public Private Partnership among key stakeholders3 - Moderately important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important
C1P001: Any other UNLOCKING FACTORS1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
C1P001: Any other UNLOCKING FACTORS (if any)
C1P002: Driving Factors
C1P002: Climate Change adaptation need2 - Slightly important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important4 - Important2 - Slightly important
C1P002: Climate Change mitigation need (local RES production and efficiency)3 - Moderately important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important5 - Very important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important
C1P002: Rapid urbanization trend and need of urban expansions1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
C1P002: Urban re-development of existing built environment4 - Important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important5 - Very important5 - Very important4 - Important
C1P002: Economic growth need2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important
C1P002: Improved local environmental quality (air, noise, aesthetics, etc.)1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important4 - Important4 - Important1 - Unimportant
C1P002: Territorial and market attractiveness2 - Slightly important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important
C1P002: Energy autonomy/independence2 - Slightly important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important4 - Important4 - Important2 - Slightly important
C1P002: Any other DRIVING FACTOR4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important
C1P002: Any other DRIVING FACTOR (if any)Earthquakes due to gas extractionEarthquakes due to gas extraction
C1P003: Administrative barriers
C1P003: Difficulty in the coordination of high number of partners and authorities3 - Moderately important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important4 - Important4 - Important3 - Moderately important
C1P003: Lack of good cooperation and acceptance among partners3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important
C1P003: Lack of public participation1 - Unimportant5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant
C1P003: Lack of institutions/mechanisms to disseminate information2 - Slightly important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important
C1P003:Long and complex procedures for authorization of project activities4 - Important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important5 - Very important5 - Very important4 - Important
C1P003: Time consuming requirements by EC or other donors concerning reporting and accountancy4 - Important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important
C1P003: Complicated and non-comprehensive public procurement3 - Moderately important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important4 - Important4 - Important3 - Moderately important
C1P003: Fragmented and or complex ownership structure4 - Important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important5 - Very important5 - Very important4 - Important
C1P003: City administration & cross-sectoral attitude/approaches (silos)5 - Very important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important5 - Very important5 - Very important5 - Very important
C1P003: Lack of internal capacities to support energy transition1 - Unimportant5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important4 - Important4 - Important1 - Unimportant
C1P003: Any other Administrative BARRIER1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
C1P003: Any other Administrative BARRIER (if any)
C1P004: Policy barriers
C1P004: Lack of long-term and consistent energy plans and policies1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
C1P004: Lacking or fragmented local political commitment and support on the long term1 - Unimportant5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant
C1P004: Lack of Cooperation & support between national-regional-local entities2 - Slightly important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important
C1P004: Any other Political BARRIER1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
C1P004: Any other Political BARRIER (if any)
C1P005: Legal and Regulatory barriers
C1P005: Inadequate regulations for new technologies4 - Important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important
C1P005: Regulatory instability3 - Moderately important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important
C1P005: Non-effective regulations3 - Moderately important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important4 - Important4 - Important3 - Moderately important
C1P005: Unfavorable local regulations for innovative technologies3 - Moderately important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important
C1P005: Building code and land-use planning hindering innovative technologies1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
C1P005: Insufficient or insecure financial incentives3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important4 - Important3 - Moderately important
C1P005: Unresolved privacy concerns and limiting nature of privacy protection regulation2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important2 - Slightly important
C1P005: Shortage of proven and tested solutions and examples2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important
C1P005: Any other Legal and Regulatory BARRIER1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
C1P005: Any other Legal and Regulatory BARRIER (if any)
C1P006: Environmental barriers
C1P006: Environmental barriers- Climate Variability: 5 - Topographical Constraints: 4 - Sunlight Availability: 5 - Air and Water Pollution: 2 - Water Scarcity: 1 - Environmental Regulations: 3 - Zoning Restrictions: 2 - Natural Disasters: 13 - Moderately important
C1P007: Technical barriers
C1P007: Lack of skilled and trained personnel4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant4 - Important4 - Important
C1P007: Deficient planning2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important
C1P007: Retrofitting work in dwellings in occupied state2 - Slightly important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important5 - Very important2 - Slightly important
C1P007: Lack of well-defined process3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important
C1P007: Inaccuracy in energy modelling and simulation4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important4 - Important4 - Important
C1P007: Lack/cost of computational scalability1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important4 - Important1 - Unimportant
C1P007: Grid congestion, grid instability4 - Important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important4 - Important4 - Important
C1P007: Negative effects of project intervention on the natural environment1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant
C1P007: Energy retrofitting work in dense and/or historical urban environment3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important3 - Moderately important
C1P007: Difficult definition of system boundaries1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important2 - Slightly important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant
C1P007: Any other Thecnical BARRIER1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
C1P007: Any other Thecnical BARRIER (if any)
C1P008: Social and Cultural barriers
C1P008: Inertia2 - Slightly important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important
C1P008: Lack of values and interest in energy optimization measurements3 - Moderately important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important
C1P008: Low acceptance of new projects and technologies2 - Slightly important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important
C1P008: Difficulty of finding and engaging relevant actors2 - Slightly important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important4 - Important2 - Slightly important
C1P008: Lack of trust beyond social network4 - Important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important5 - Very important4 - Important
C1P008: Rebound effect2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important4 - Important2 - Slightly important
C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards environmentalism1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important5 - Very important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant
C1P008: Exclusion of socially disadvantaged groups5 - Very important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important
C1P008: Non-energy issues are more important and urgent for actors4 - Important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important4 - Important4 - Important
C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards energy collaboration2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important
C1P008: Any other Social BARRIER1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
C1P008: Any other Social BARRIER (if any)
C1P009: Information and Awareness barriers
C1P009: Insufficient information on the part of potential users and consumers3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important4 - Important3 - Moderately important
C1P009: Perception of interventions as complicated and expensive, with negative socio-economic or environmental impacts3 - Moderately important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important5 - Very important4 - Important3 - Moderately important
C1P009: Lack of awareness among authorities2 - Slightly important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important
C1P009: Information asymmetry causing power asymmetry of established actors3 - Moderately important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important
C1P009: High costs of design, material, construction, and installation4 - Important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important
C1P009: Any other Information and Awareness BARRIER1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
C1P009: Any other Information and Awareness BARRIER (if any)
C1P010: Financial barriers
C1P010: Hidden costs2 - Slightly important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important4 - Important2 - Slightly important
C1P010: Insufficient external financial support and funding for project activities3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important5 - Very important4 - Important3 - Moderately important
C1P010: Economic crisis1 - Unimportant5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important4 - Important1 - Unimportant
C1P010: Risk and uncertainty3 - Moderately important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important
C1P010: Lack of consolidated and tested business models3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important
C1P010: Limited access to capital and cost disincentives2 - Slightly important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important
C1P010: Any other Financial BARRIER1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
C1P010: Any other Financial BARRIER (if any)
C1P011: Market barriers
C1P011: Split incentives5 - Very important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important5 - Very important5 - Very important5 - Very important
C1P011: Energy price distortion4 - Important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important5 - Very important5 - Very important4 - Important
C1P011: Energy market concentration, gatekeeper actors (DSOs)4 - Important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important4 - Important4 - Important
C1P011: Any other Market BARRIER1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
C1P011: Any other Market BARRIER (if any)
C1P012: Stakeholders involved
C1P012: Government/Public Authorities
  • Planning/leading,
  • Design/demand aggregation,
  • Construction/implementation
  • Planning/leading,
  • Design/demand aggregation,
  • Monitoring/operation/management
  • Planning/leading,
  • Design/demand aggregation,
  • Construction/implementation,
  • Monitoring/operation/management
  • Planning/leading,
  • Design/demand aggregation,
  • Construction/implementation
  • Planning/leading,
  • Design/demand aggregation,
  • Construction/implementation
C1P012: Research & Innovation
  • Planning/leading,
  • Design/demand aggregation,
  • Monitoring/operation/management
  • Planning/leading,
  • Design/demand aggregation,
  • Monitoring/operation/management
  • Design/demand aggregation
  • Planning/leading,
  • Design/demand aggregation
  • Planning/leading,
  • Design/demand aggregation,
  • Monitoring/operation/management
C1P012: Financial/Funding
  • Design/demand aggregation,
  • Construction/implementation
  • Planning/leading,
  • Design/demand aggregation,
  • Construction/implementation,
  • Monitoring/operation/management
  • None
  • Design/demand aggregation,
  • Construction/implementation
  • Design/demand aggregation,
  • Construction/implementation
C1P012: Analyst, ICT and Big Data
  • Design/demand aggregation,
  • Monitoring/operation/management
  • Monitoring/operation/management
  • Monitoring/operation/management
  • Planning/leading,
  • Design/demand aggregation,
  • Monitoring/operation/management
  • Design/demand aggregation,
  • Monitoring/operation/management
C1P012: Business process management
  • Planning/leading
  • Planning/leading,
  • Monitoring/operation/management
  • Construction/implementation,
  • Monitoring/operation/management
  • None
  • Planning/leading
C1P012: Urban Services providers
  • Design/demand aggregation,
  • Monitoring/operation/management
  • Planning/leading
  • Planning/leading
  • Planning/leading,
  • Design/demand aggregation
  • Design/demand aggregation,
  • Monitoring/operation/management
C1P012: Real Estate developers
  • Construction/implementation
  • Design/demand aggregation,
  • Construction/implementation
  • None
  • None
  • Construction/implementation
C1P012: Design/Construction companies
  • Construction/implementation
  • Design/demand aggregation
  • Construction/implementation
  • Construction/implementation
  • Construction/implementation
C1P012: End‐users/Occupants/Energy Citizens
  • None
  • Monitoring/operation/management
  • Monitoring/operation/management
  • Planning/leading,
  • Design/demand aggregation,
  • Construction/implementation,
  • Monitoring/operation/management
  • None
C1P012: Social/Civil Society/NGOs
  • Planning/leading,
  • Design/demand aggregation
  • Monitoring/operation/management
  • None
  • Planning/leading,
  • Design/demand aggregation
  • Planning/leading,
  • Design/demand aggregation
C1P012: Industry/SME/eCommerce
  • Planning/leading,
  • Design/demand aggregation,
  • Construction/implementation,
  • Monitoring/operation/management
  • Planning/leading,
  • Design/demand aggregation,
  • Construction/implementation,
  • Monitoring/operation/management
  • Construction/implementation,
  • Monitoring/operation/management
  • Planning/leading,
  • Design/demand aggregation,
  • Construction/implementation,
  • Monitoring/operation/management
  • Planning/leading,
  • Design/demand aggregation,
  • Construction/implementation,
  • Monitoring/operation/management
C1P012: Other
C1P012: Other (if any)
Summary

Authors (framework concept)

Beril Alpagut (Demir Energy); Giulia Turci (University of Bologna); Michal Kuzmic (Czech Technical University in Prague); Paolo Civiero (Università Roma Tre); Serena Pagliulia (University of Bologna); Oscar Seco (CIEMAT); Silvia Soutullo (CIEMAT); Daniele Vettorato (EURAC Research, IEA Annex 83); Bailador Ferreras M. Almudena (CIEMAT); Vicky Albert-Seifried (FHG ISE)

Contributors (to the content)

Laura Aelenei (LNEG), Nienke Maas (TNO), Savis Gohari (OsloMet), Andras Reith (ABUD), Ghazal Etminan (AIT), Maria-Beatrice Andreucci (Universita Sapienza), Francesco Reda (VTT, IEA Annex 83), Mari Hukkalainen (VTT), Judith-Borsboom (Locality), Gilda Massa (ENEA), Jelena Ziemele (University of Latvia), Nikola Pokorny (CVUT), Sergio Diaz de Garayo Balsategui (CENER, IEA Annex 83), Matthias Haaze (ZHAW, IEA Annex 83), Christoph Gollner (FFG, JPI UE), Silvia Bossi (ENEA, JPI UE), Christian Winzer (Zurich University of Applied Science), George Martinopoulos (Centre for Research and Technology Hellas), Maria Nuria Sánchez (CIEMAT), Angelina Tomova (Energy Agency of Plovdiv)

Implemented by

Boutik.pt: Filipe Martins, Jamal Khan
Marek Suchánek (Czech Technical University in Prague)

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COST

COST is an EU funding programme that enables researchers to set up their interdisciplinary research networks in Europe and beyond. We provide funds for organising conferences, meetings, training schools, short scientific exchanges or other networking activities in a wide range of scientific topics. By creating open spaces where people and ideas can grow, we unlock the full potential of science.

PED-EU-NET

The COST Action Positive Energy Districts European Network (PED-EU-NET) aims to mobilise researchers and other relevant stakeholders across different domains and sectors to drive the deployment of Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) in Europe through open sharing of knowledge, exchange of ideas, pooling of resources, experimentation of new methods and co-creation of novel solutions.

Action Details

Grant Holder
Department of Planning, Design, Technology of Architecture, Sapienza University of Rome

Start of Action: 10 September 2020
End of Action: 09 September 2024
CSO approval date: 24/03/2020

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