| Name | Project | Type | Compare |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tartu, Estonia | V2G-QUESTS | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Utrecht, the Netherlands (District of Kanaleneiland) | V2G-QUESTS | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Aveiro, Portugal | V2G-QUESTS | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Győr Geothermal District Heating Project | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Jacobs Borchs Gate, Drammen | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Dietenbach, Freiburg im Breisgau | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| SmartEnCity, Lecce | SmartEnCity – Towards Smart Zero CO2 Cities across Europe | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| STARDUST, Trento | STARDUST – Holistic and Integrated Urban Model for Smart Cities | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Klimatkontrakt Hyllie, Malmö | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| EnStadt:Pfaff, Kaiserslautern | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare | |
| mySMARTlife, Helsinki | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| REPLICATE (pilot action in the Novoli-Cascine district on “le PIagge” buildings), Firenze | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Sinfonia, Bolzano | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Hunziker Areal, Zürich | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Hammarby Sjöstad 2.0, | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Sharing Cities, Milano | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| District Heating Pozo Barredo, Mieres | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Cityfied (demo Linero), Lund | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Smart Otaniemi, Espoo | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare | |
| Zukunftsquartier, Vienna | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Santa Chiara Open Lab, Trento | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Barrio La Pinada, Paterna | PED Case Study / PED Lab | Compare | |
| Zero Village Bergen (ZVB) | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Võru +CityxChange | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| NTNU Campus within the Knowledge Axis, Trondheim | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Furuset project, Oslo | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Laser Valley – Land of Lights | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Ydalir project | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| NyBy – Ny Flyplass (New City – New Airport) | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Fornebu, Bærum | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Fleuraye west, Carquefou | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Smart Energy Åland | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Romania, Alba Iulia PED | ASCEND – Accelerate poSitive Clean ENergy Districts | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Romania, Alba Iulia PED | InterPED – INTERoperable cloud-based solution for cross-vector planning and management of Positive Energy Districts | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Munich, Harthof district | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Lublin | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Roubaix, MustBe0 – Résidence Philippe le Hardi – 125 Rue d’Oran | CULTURAL-E – Climate and cultural-based solutions for Plus Energy Buildings | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Bærum, Eiksveien 116 | CULTURAL-E – Climate and cultural-based solutions for Plus Energy Buildings | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Findhorn, the Park | InterPED – INTERoperable cloud-based solution for cross-vector planning and management of Positive Energy Districts | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Amsterdam, Buiksloterham PED | ATELIER – AmsTErdam BiLbao cItizen drivEn smaRt cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Schönbühel-Aggsbach, Schönbühel an der Donau | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Umeå, Ålidhem district | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Aalborg East | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Uncompare | |
| Ankara, Çamlık District | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Trenčín | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Luxembourg, Betzdorf | LEGOFIT – Adaptable technological solutions based on early design actions for the construction and renovation of Energy Positive Homes | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Vantaa, Aviapolis | NEUTRALPATH – Pathway towards Climate-Neutrality through low risky and fully replicable Positive Clean Energy Districts | PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Vidin, Himik and Bononia | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Oslo, Verksbyen | Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Uden, Loopkantstraat | Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Zaragoza, Actur | NEUTRALPATH – Pathway towards Climate-Neutrality through low risky and fully replicable Positive Clean Energy Districts | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Aarhus, Brabrand | BIPED – Building Intelligent Positive Energy Districts | PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Riga, Ķīpsala, RTU smart student city | ExPEDite – Enabling Positive Energy Districts through Digital Twins | PED Case Study | Uncompare |
| Izmir, District of Karşıyaka | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Istanbul, Ozyegin University Campus | LEGOFIT – Adaptable technological solutions based on early design actions for the construction and renovation of Energy Positive Homes | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Espoo, Kera | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Borlänge, Rymdgatan’s Residential Portfolio | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Relevant Case Study | Uncompare |
| Freiburg, Waldsee | PED urban – Development of methods and tools for accounting, planning and operation of climate-neutral district | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Innsbruck, Campagne-Areal | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Graz, Reininghausgründe | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Stor-Elvdal, Campus Evenstad | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Oulu, Kaukovainio | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Halmstad, Fyllinge | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Lund, Brunnshög district | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Vienna, Am Kempelenpark | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Évora, Portugal | POCITYF – A POsitive Energy CITY Transformation Framework | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Kladno, Sletiště (Sport Area), PED Winter Stadium | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Groningen, PED South | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Lab | Uncompare |
| Groningen, PED North | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Lab | Compare |
| Maia, Sobreiro Social Housing | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Lab | Compare |
| Lubia (Soria), CEDER-CIEMAT | PED Lab | Uncompare | |
| Tampere, Ilokkaanpuisto district | STARDUST – Holistic and Integrated Urban Model for Smart Cities | PED Relevant Case Study | Uncompare |
| Leon, Former Sugar Factory district | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Istanbul, Kadikoy district, Caferaga | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Espoo, Leppävaara district, Sello center | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Espoo, Espoonlahti district, Lippulaiva block | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Salzburg, Gneis district | Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods | PED Case Study | Uncompare |
| Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet | Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Tartu, City centre area | SmartEnCity – Towards Smart Zero CO2 Cities across Europe | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Bologna, Pilastro-Roveri district | GRETA – GReen Energy Transition Actions | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Barcelona, SEILAB & Energy SmartLab | PED Lab | Compare | |
| Leipzig, Baumwollspinnerei district | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Kifissia, Energy community | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Relevant Case Study |
| Title | Kifissia, Energy community | Salzburg, Gneis district | Lubia (Soria), CEDER-CIEMAT | Tampere, Ilokkaanpuisto district | Groningen, PED South | Borlänge, Rymdgatan’s Residential Portfolio | Riga, Ķīpsala, RTU smart student city | Aalborg East, Aalborg Municipality, Region of Northern Jutland, Denmark |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED Lab | ||||||||
| A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED Lab | Kifissia, Energy community | Salzburg, Gneis district | Lubia (Soria), CEDER-CIEMAT | Tampere, Ilokkaanpuisto district | Groningen, PED South | Borlänge, Rymdgatan’s Residential Portfolio | Riga, Ķīpsala, RTU smart student city | Aalborg East, Aalborg Municipality, Region of Northern Jutland, Denmark |
| A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet | ||||||||
| A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet |
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| A1P003: Categorisation of the PED site | ||||||||
| PED case study | no | yes | no | no | no | no | yes | no |
| PED relevant case study | yes | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | yes |
| PED Lab. | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | no | yes |
| A1P004: Targets of the PED case study / PED Lab | ||||||||
| Climate neutrality | no | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Annual energy surplus | no | yes | no | no | yes | yes | no | no |
| Energy community | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | no |
| Circularity | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| Air quality and urban comfort | yes | yes | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| Electrification | yes | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | no |
| Net-zero energy cost | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| Net-zero emission | no | no | yes | yes | yes | no | no | no |
| Self-sufficiency (energy autonomous) | no | no | yes | yes | no | no | yes | no |
| Maximise self-sufficiency | no | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
| Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| Other (A1P004) | ||||||||
| A1P005: Phase of the PED case study / PED Lab | ||||||||
| A1P005: Project Phase of your case study/PED Lab | Planning Phase | Completed | Implementation Phase | Completed | Implementation Phase | Planning Phase | Planning Phase | Planning Phase |
| A1P006: Start Date | ||||||||
| A1P006: Start date | 01/20 | 11/19 | 04/14 | 12/18 | 01/24 | 11/22 | ||
| A1P007: End Date | ||||||||
| A1P007: End date | 01/24 | 12/23 | 10/23 | 12/23 | 12/26 | 11/25 | ||
| A1P008: Reference Project | ||||||||
| A1P008: Reference Project | ||||||||
| A1P009: Data availability | ||||||||
| A1P009: Data availability |
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| A1P009: Other | ||||||||
| A1P010: Sources | ||||||||
| Any publication, link to website, deliverable referring to the PED/PED Lab |
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| A1P011: Geographic coordinates | ||||||||
| X Coordinate (longitude): | 23.814588 | 13.041216 | -2.508 | 23.798083 | 6.590655 | 15.394495 | 24.08168339 | 10.007 |
| Y Coordinate (latitude): | 38.077349 | 47.771019 | 41.603 | 61.464088 | 53.204087 | 60.486609 | 56.95245956 | 57.041028 |
| A1P012: Country | ||||||||
| A1P012: Country | Greece | Austria | Spain | Finland | Netherlands | Sweden | Latvia | Denmark |
| A1P013: City | ||||||||
| A1P013: City | Municipality of Kifissia | Salzburg | Lubia - Soria | Tampere | Groningen | Borlänge | Riga | Aalborg |
| A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification) | ||||||||
| A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification). | Csa | Dfb | Cfb | Dfb | Cfa | Dsb | Cfb | Dfb |
| A1P015: District boundary | ||||||||
| A1P015: District boundary | Virtual | Geographic | Geographic | Virtual | Functional | Geographic | Geographic | Virtual |
| Other | The energy will be produced by a PV plant installed on the terrace of a municipal building. Members of the energy community (that is under formation) will benefit from the energy produced via virtual net metering. PV instalment and the buildings (owned by the members of the community) will be within the boundaries of the Municipality but not necessary in the same area/district/neighbourhood | |||||||
| A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab | ||||||||
| A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab: | Mixed | Public | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Public | Public | |
| A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure | ||||||||
| A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure: | Single Owner | Single Owner | Multiple Owners | Multiple Owners | Single Owner | Multiple Owners | Multiple Owners | |
| A1P018: Number of buildings in PED | ||||||||
| A1P018: Number of buildings in PED | 17 | 6 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 15 | ||
| A1P019: Conditioned space | ||||||||
| A1P019: Conditioned space [m²] | 199762 | 9.000 | 7.86 | 3700 | 170000 | |||
| A1P020: Total ground area | ||||||||
| A1P020: Total ground area [m²] | 6400000 | 25.000 | 45.093 | 9945 | 119264 | 31308000 | ||
| A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area | ||||||||
| A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
| A1P022: Financial schemes | ||||||||
| A1P022a: Financing - PRIVATE - Real estate | no | no | no | yes | yes | no | no | no |
| A1P022a: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||
| A1P022b: Financing - PRIVATE - ESCO scheme | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022b: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||
| A1P022c: Financing - PRIVATE - Other | no | no | no | yes | yes | no | no | no |
| A1P022c: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||
| A1P022d: Financing - PUBLIC - EU structural funding | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022d: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||
| A1P022e: Financing - PUBLIC - National funding | no | no | no | yes | yes | no | no | no |
| A1P022e: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||
| A1P022f: Financing - PUBLIC - Regional funding | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022f: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||
| A1P022g: Financing - PUBLIC - Municipal funding | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| A1P022g: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||
| A1P022h: Financing - PUBLIC - Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022h: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||
| A1P022i: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - EU | no | yes | no | yes | yes | no | yes | no |
| A1P022i: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | 7500000 | |||||||
| A1P022j: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - National | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | yes |
| A1P022j: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||
| A1P022k: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - Local/regional | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022k: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||
| A1P022l: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022l: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||
| A1P022: Other | ||||||||
| A1P023: Economic Targets | ||||||||
| A1P023: Economic Targets |
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| A1P023: Other | Boosting social cooperation and social aid | |||||||
| A1P024: More comments: | ||||||||
| A1P024: More comments: | The Centre for the Development of Renewable Energy (CEDER)is specialized in applied research, development and promotion of renewable energy. Among the facilities of this Centre, the urban laboratory CEDER-CIEMAT assess the performance of different configurations of energy networks at the district level. This PED-Lab infrastructure is an energy district that connects six office buildings with energy generation installations by means of two energy rings: electrical grid (in operation phase) and thermal network (in the implementation phase). The buildings of this PED Lab can act as energy demanders or suppliers depending on the climatic and operational conditions. The majority of these buildings are constructed with conventional technologies but some of them are implemented with efficient and sustainable measures. The thermal network is composed by two biomass boilers, 300 kW power each, and water tanks with 90 kWh of thermal storage. This network will shortly be expanded with a low temperature (90°C) and high temperature (150°-250°C) rings. The low-temperature ring is made up by two Stirling engine cogeneration boilers (one biomass gasification boiler and one gas boiler). The high-temperature ring has a thermal generator made up of Fresnel solar concentrators and an ORC cogeneration system fed directly from the solar concentrator. The high-temperature ring is interconnected with the low-temperature ring through an oil/water heat exchanger. This network has thermal storage systems in the modalities of: aquifers, boreholes, phase change materials, cold storage with geothermal exchange ground recovery and thermal storage at very low temperature with zeolites. The electrical grid incorporates different renewable generation technologies (50 kW wind turbine and eight different photovoltaic systems, a reversible hydraulic system), and engine generator of 100 kVA, electricity storages (batteries) and flexible loads. | |||||||
| A1P025: Estimated PED case study / PED LAB costs | ||||||||
| A1P025: Estimated PED case study / PED LAB costs [mil. EUR] | ||||||||
| Contact person for general enquiries | ||||||||
| A1P026: Name | Artemis Giavasoglou, Kleopatra Kalampoka | Abel Magyari | Dr. Raquel Ramos | Senior Scientist Terttu Vainio | Jasper Tonen, Elisabeth Koops | Jingchun Shen | Judith Stiekema | Kristian Olesen |
| A1P027: Organization | Municipality of Kifissia – SPARCS local team | ABUD | Centre for the Development of Renewable Energy (CEDER) - Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology Research (CIEMAT) | VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland | Municipality of Groningen | Högskolan Dalarna | OASC | Aalborg University |
| A1P028: Affiliation | Municipality / Public Bodies | Research Center / University | Research Center / University | Research Center / University | Municipality / Public Bodies | Research Center / University | Other | Research Center / University |
| A1P028: Other | not for profit private organisation | |||||||
| A1P029: Email | giavasoglou@kifissia.gr | magyari.abel@abud.hu | raquel.ramos@ciemat.es | terttu.vainio@vtt.fi | Jasper.tonen@groningen.nl | jih@du.se | judith@oascities.org | Kristian@plan.aau.dk |
| Contact person for other special topics | ||||||||
| A1P030: Name | Stavros Zapantis - vice mayor | Strassl Ingeborg | Dr. Oscar Seco | Xingxing Zhang | Alex Søgaard Moreno | |||
| A1P031: Email | stavros.zapantis@gmail.com | inge.strassl@salzburg.gv.at | oscar.seco@ciemat.es | xza@du.se | asm@aalborg.dk | |||
| Pursuant to the General Data Protection Regulation | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| A2P001: Fields of application | ||||||||
| A2P001: Fields of application |
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| A2P001: Other | ||||||||
| A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fields | ||||||||
| A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fields | - Dynamic district, and building scale energy modelling - Microclimate modelling - Klimaaktiv certification system - Energy community - Flexibility with shared heating and electricity systems | Energy efficiency: - Buildings energy retrofit. Energy production: - Biomass Boiler capacity: 0.6 MW. Annual production: 1.2 GWh - Solar thermal collectors: 70 kW, planned extended to: 0.47MW - Geotermal & Absorption Pumps: 100 kW - Share of renewables after extension: 100% (30% solar thermal and 70% biomass) - AOC 50kW wind turbine. Awaiting installation of a two-way AC-AC converter for subsequent connection to the grid - Bornay Inclin 3 kW wind turbine, connected to 24 Vdc batteries, to be connected to the grid by means of Xantrex inverter/charger - 9kW photovoltaic park (66PV panels, brand BP Solar,type BP5140,of 140W) connected to the grid by means of two INGECON SUN 5 inverters - 5kW photovoltaic pergola (24PV panels, brand Solon, type P200, of 210W) connected to the grid by means of one INGECON SUN 5 inverter - 8.28kW photovoltaic roof (36PV panels, Brand LDK, type LDK-230P-20), connected to the grid by means of one INGECONSUN 10 inverter - 12kW photovoltaic roof (80PV panels, brand Gamesa, type GS-1501), connected to the grid. - Reversible hydraulic system connected to a 60 kW electric generator and a pumping system. -Stirling engine with a heat lamp based on natural gas, a helium cool lamp, 10kWe maximum power delivered and global performance of approximately 33%. Energy flexibility: - Thermal storage systems: water tanks 90kW, aquifers, boreholes, phase change materials, cold storage with geothermal exchange ground recovery and thermal storage at very low temperature with zeolites. - Electrical storage systems: batteries (lead-acid and lithium-ion). - Flexible loads. Control systems and Digital technologies: - Full monitoring campaign. - Smart-meters installation to monitor consumption and suggest another energy behaviours. - Dynamic simulation tools to optimize the energy performance. Urban comfort and air quality: - Meteorological stations to monitor the climate evolution. - Microclimatic simulation tools to quantify the thermal behaviour. | Energy efficiency: - A-class buildings - Heating by GSHP Energy production: - Installation of photovoltaic (PV) Digital technologies: - Smart control and monitoring of HVAC and indoor circumstances E-mobility - Installation of charging stations for electric vehicles; | Energy efficiency: - buildings energy retrofit supported by tax bonuses - replacing heat supply technologies Energy production: - installation of new (PV) systems for renewable on-site energy production; - presence of a large PV plant in the South East (2 solar parks: 12MW and 107MW) and North area (0,4 MW) Energy flexibility: - energy storage solutions, battery storage and possible hydrogen production - GRID balancing services E-mobility - Installation of new charging stations for electric vehicles; Urban Management - make use of the organizational structure Waste Management - circular use of municipal waste streams | Load calculation and system optimisation: City Energy Analyst Identification of stranded assets for asset owners and investors to understand the carbon risks: CRREM | A suite of replicable modeling tools will enable stakeholders to analyze planning actions towards positive energy in a cost-effective fashion, aiding their evidence based decision-making process. The tools will be able to model the district’s energy production and demand, optimize for flexibility and simulate mobility and transport. By employing gamification and co-creation approaches, the project will enhance public awareness and engagement in energy efficiency. The project will culminate in the publication of practical guidelines, reusable models, algorithms, and training materials to aid other cities to replicate the digital twin for their districts, fostering widespread adoption of sustainable energy practices. | Stakeholder engagement, expert energy system analysis, future scenarios | |
| A2P003: Application of ISO52000 | ||||||||
| A2P003: Application of ISO52000 | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | |
| A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balance | ||||||||
| A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balance | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | |
| A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balance | ||||||||
| A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balance | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | |
| A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculation | ||||||||
| A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculation | Mobility, till now, is not included in the energy model. | The university operates a fleet of 13 electric vehicles (EV) (61kW power each). There are 5 EV charging stations on campus. | Large combined industrial, residential, and commercial area with complex flows of in- and outgoing traffic. | |||||
| A2P007: Annual energy demand in buildings / Thermal demand | ||||||||
| A2P007: Annual energy demand in buildings / Thermal demand [GWh/annum] | 0 | 1.86 | 0.6777 | 8000 | 218 | |||
| A2P008: Annual energy demand in buildings / Electric Demand | ||||||||
| A2P008: Annual energy demand in buildings / Electric Demand [GWh/annum] | 0.7 | 1.45 | 0.03656 | 5000 | 148 | |||
| A2P009: Annual energy demand for e-mobility | ||||||||
| A2P009: Annual energy demand for e-mobility [GWh/annum] | 0 | |||||||
| A2P010: Annual energy demand for urban infrastructure | ||||||||
| A2P010: Annual energy demand for urban infrastructure [GWh/annum] | 0 | |||||||
| A2P011: Annual renewable electricity production on-site during target year | ||||||||
| A2P011: PV | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: PV - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0.7770664 | 0.7 | ||||||
| A2P011: Wind | no | no | yes | no | no | no | yes | yes |
| A2P011: Wind - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P011: Hydro | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: Hydro - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P011: Biomass_el | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: Biomass_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P011: Biomass_peat_el | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: Biomass_peat_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P011: PVT_el | no | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | no |
| A2P011: PVT_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0.01818 | |||||||
| A2P011: Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes |
| A2P011: Other - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P012: Annual renewable thermal production on-site during target year | ||||||||
| A2P012: Geothermal | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Geothermal: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P012: Solar Thermal | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Solar Thermal: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P012: Biomass_heat | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | yes | no |
| A2P012 - Biomass_heat: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P012: Waste heat+HP | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | no | yes |
| A2P012 - Waste heat+HP: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 300 | |||||||
| A2P012: Biomass_peat_heat | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Biomass_peat_heat: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P012: PVT_th | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | no | no |
| A2P012 - PVT_th: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0.0825 | |||||||
| A2P012: Biomass_firewood_th | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Biomass_firewood_th: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P012: Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Other: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P013: Renewable resources on-site - Additional notes | ||||||||
| A2P013: Renewable resources on-site - Additional notes | PV plant of energy community locates outside of the city, not on the slot | Geothermal heatpump systems, Waste heat from data centers | Conventional power generation: The university’s heat supply is designed as a local centralized heat supply system. Electrical power, generated in combined heat and power (CHP) units, is delivered to the distribution network and sold to energy traders as regulated by local legislation and norms. There are two natural gas burners acting as heat sources (3MW and 6MW capacity), and two CHP units (1.6MW and 0.45MW thermal capacity). All heating is supplied from the CHP plants. Renewable Energy Sources (RES): a wind turbine (3.6 kW) and PV panels (11.7 kW) are connected to the faculty microgrid. In the future it is planned to power the campus entirely from local RES. | Very little wind production currently exists in the area. The electricity production of the waste incineration plant will be included at a later date. Aalborg East is partly a remarkable area for hosting a Portland cement factory that accounts for a substantial share of Denmark’s total CO2 emissions. In turn, it also provides waste heat to the district heating grid for all of Aalborg city and some of the smaller towns that are connected to the same DH grid. | ||||
| A2P014: Annual energy use | ||||||||
| A2P014: Annual energy use [GWh/annum] | 0.819016 | 0.7 | 0.318 | 620 | ||||
| A2P015: Annual energy delivered | ||||||||
| A2P015: Annual energy delivered [GWh/annum] | 0.2055 | 399 | ||||||
| A2P016: Annual non-renewable electricity production on-site during target year | ||||||||
| A2P016: Annual non-renewable electricity production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | -1 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| A2P017: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year | ||||||||
| A2P017: Gas | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no |
| A2P017 - Gas: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P017: Coal | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P017 - Coal: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P017: Oil | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P017 - Oil: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P017: Other | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | yes |
| A2P017 - Other: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | 0 | 300 | ||||||
| A2P018: Annual renewable electricity imports from outside the boundary during target year | ||||||||
| A2P018: PV | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - PV: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P018: Wind | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - Wind: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P018: Hydro | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - Hydro: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P018: Biomass_el | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - Biomass_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P018: Biomass_peat_el | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - Biomass_peat_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P018: PVT_el | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - PVT_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P018: Other | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| A2P018 - Other: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | 0.187 | |||||||
| A2P019: Annual renewable thermal imports from outside the boundary during target year | ||||||||
| A2P019: Geothermal | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Geothermal: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P019: Solar Thermal | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Solar Thermal: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P019: Biomass_heat | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Biomass_heat: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P019: Waste heat+HP | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Waste heat+HP: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P019: Biomass_peat_heat | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Biomass_peat_heat: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P019: PVT_th | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 PVT_th: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P019: Biomass_firewood_th | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Biomass_firewood_th: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P019: Other | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| A2P019 Other: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0 | |||||||
| A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary | ||||||||
| A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.53839572192513 | 0 | 0 |
| A2P021: GHG-balance calculated for the PED | ||||||||
| A2P021: GHG-balance calculated for the PED [tCO2/annum] | 0 | 6.93 | ||||||
| A2P022: KPIs related to the PED case study / PED Lab | ||||||||
| A2P022: Safety & Security | none | |||||||
| A2P022: Health | CO2) levels, Predicted Mean Vote,Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied, Temperature, Relative Humidity, Illuminance, Daylight factor, Sound pressure levels | thermal comfort diagram | ||||||
| A2P022: Education | none | |||||||
| A2P022: Mobility | none | |||||||
| A2P022: Energy | Non-renewable primary energy balance, Renewable energy ratio, Grid Purchase factor, Load cover factor/Self-generation, Supply cover factor/Self-consumption, Net energy/Net power, Peak delivered/exported power, Connection capacity credit, Total greenhouse gas emissions | normalized CO2/GHG & Energy intensity | ||||||
| A2P022: Water | ||||||||
| A2P022: Economic development | Investment costs, Share of investments covered by grants, Maintenance-related costs, Requirement-related costs, Operation-related costs, Other costs, Net Present Value, Internal Rate of Return, Economic Value Added, Payback Period, nZEB Cost Comparison | cost of excess emissions | ||||||
| A2P022: Housing and Community | Access to services, Affordability of energy, Affordability of housing, Democratic legitimacy, Living conditions, Social cohesion, Personal safety, Energy consciousness | |||||||
| A2P022: Waste | ||||||||
| A2P022: Other | ||||||||
| A2P023: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Generation | ||||||||
| A2P023: Photovoltaics | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | yes |
| A2P023: Solar thermal collectors | no | no | yes | no | yes | yes | no | yes |
| A2P023: Wind Turbines | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Geothermal energy system | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | no |
| A2P023: Waste heat recovery | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | yes |
| A2P023: Waste to energy | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | yes |
| A2P023: Polygeneration | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Co-generation | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Heat Pump | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | yes |
| A2P023: Hydrogen | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Hydropower plant | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Biomass | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | yes |
| A2P023: Biogas | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Other | ||||||||
| A2P024: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Flexibility | ||||||||
| A2P024: A2P024: Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no |
| A2P024: Energy management system | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | yes |
| A2P024: Demand-side management | no | yes | yes | yes | no | no | yes | yes |
| A2P024: Smart electricity grid | no | yes | yes | no | no | no | yes | yes |
| A2P024: Thermal Storage | no | no | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| A2P024: Electric Storage | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | yes | yes |
| A2P024: District Heating and Cooling | no | no | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| A2P024: Smart metering and demand-responsive control systems | no | no | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | yes |
| A2P024: P2P – buildings | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P024: Other | Electric grid as virtual battery | |||||||
| A2P025: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Efficiency | ||||||||
| A2P025: Deep Retrofitting | no | no | yes | no | no | yes | no | yes |
| A2P025: Energy efficiency measures in historic buildings | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P025: High-performance new buildings | no | yes | no | yes | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P025: Smart Public infrastructure (e.g. smart lighting) | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P025: Urban data platforms | no | no | no | no | yes | no | yes | no |
| A2P025: Mobile applications for citizens | no | no | no | yes | no | no | yes | no |
| A2P025: Building services (HVAC & Lighting) | no | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | no |
| A2P025: Smart irrigation | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: Digital tracking for waste disposal | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: Smart surveillance | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes |
| A2P025: Other | ||||||||
| A2P026: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Mobility | ||||||||
| A2P026: Efficiency of vehicles (public and/or private) | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P026: Measures to reduce traffic volume (e.g. measure to support public transportation, shared mobility, measure to reduce journeys and distances) | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P026: e-Mobility | no | yes | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P026: Soft mobility infrastructures and last mile solutions | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P026: Car-free area | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P026: Other | ||||||||
| A2P027: Mobility strategies - Additional notes | ||||||||
| A2P027: Mobility strategies - Additional notes | Shared mobility: a mobility point will be implemented and ensure the flexible use of different mobility services. | |||||||
| A2P028: Energy efficiency certificates | ||||||||
| A2P028: Energy efficiency certificates | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | |
| A2P028: If yes, please specify and/or enter notes | Energy Performance Certificate - in Greece it is mandatory in order to buy or rent a house or a dwelling | Energy Performance Certificate | In Spain it is mandatory the Energy Performance Certificate in order to buy or rent a house or a dwelling | Energy Performance Certificate | ||||
| A2P029: Any other building / district certificates | ||||||||
| A2P029: Any other building / district certificates | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | ||
| A2P029: If yes, please specify and/or enter notes | Klimaaktiv certificate, Greenpass certificate | |||||||
| A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy | ||||||||
| A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy |
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| A3P002: Quantitative targets included in the city / national strategy | ||||||||
| A3P002: Quantitative targets included in the city / national strategy | - Testing the combination of renewable technologies at district level. - Optimization of the generation side based on the weather forecasting and demand side. - Optimization of the control system, connected to the central node, to design and perform virtual analyses based on the combination of all the systems and infrastructures. - Optimization of ICT systems. - Design and management of a virtual analysis - Optimization of efficient measures: building performance, user´s behaviour… - Combination of flexible storage systems to operate the global installation. | The study aligns closely with the decarbonisation and energy reduction pathways of residential multi family buildings with 1.5°C global warming target in Sweden. This study will also contribute to the achievement of the carbon neturality of whole Borlänge city by 2030. | Reduction of 1018000 tons CO2 by 2030 | |||||
| A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid | ||||||||
| A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid |
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| A3P003: Other | ||||||||
| A3P004: Identification of needs and priorities | ||||||||
| A3P004: Identification of needs and priorities | - Create a thermal energy storage tank to be used for air conditioning the buildings. - Some buildings need to be renovated both to increase the energy performance, the seismic behaviour and spaces liveability and comfort. - Optimizing the coupling between technologies. - Guarantee the flexibility to operate the renewable installations to operate in different phases and with different configurations. - CEDER is a public research center and needs to have connected any energy system to the same grid. - CEDER has an industrial develop area where some experimental thermal storage system could be tested. | In our project, we carried out a comprehensive exploration of strategies to achieve positive energy districts in a Swedish residential portfolio. The focus on urban energy transitions necessitates a holistic approach that integrates building retrofit, solar technology exploration, and heating supply optimisation. Exploration of Local Solar Sources: The analysis reveals varying solar irradiance resources throughout the year, emphasizing the importance of strategic placement. Integration of combined photovoltaic and thermal panels into building envelopes demonstrates the potential to cover a significant portion of the energy demand even in Sweden. Heating Supply Optimisation with Solar Technologies: Despite the surplus energy production from on-site solar technology, challenges arise due to temporal energy asymmetry. The introduction of heat pumps emerges as a feasible solution to balance energy gaps, utilising both rejected and free heat. Optimisation scenarios, utilising a combination of geothermal heat pumps, water source heat pumps, and PVT, showcase remarkable reductions in emissions and primary energy consumption. Urban Form and Energy Infrastructure Design: We realised the importance of returning to urban form and energy infrastructure design to optimise future residential portfolio potential. Building layout design, influenced by zoning regulations and innovative typologies, plays a crucial role in achieving district level energy efficiency. Future challenges, including demographic shifts, e-mobility, and climate change, necessitate a more holistic approach to energy infrastructure design, addressing not only heating and electricity demands but also cooling requirements. | Decarbonize part of Aalborg city as a way of working incrementally towards being a zero-emission city. | |||||
| A3P005: Sustainable behaviour | ||||||||
| A3P005: Sustainable behaviour | - Minimize the building energy consumption while maintaining indoor comfort levels. - Onsite renewable production with flexible storage elements to fix demand side and generation side. - Flexible control solutions through digitalization systems. | In Groningen we are working with different sustainable behaviours approaches and also developed the Unified Citizen Engagement Approach (UCEA). Currently, there are two different approaches in use in the municipality of Groningen: the District energy approach (Wijkgerichte aanpak, developed by the Municipality of Groningen) and the Cooperative approach (Coöperative Aanpak, developed by Grunneger Power). Based upon those approaches and knowledge that is gained through social research executed by TNO and HUAS the new Unified Citizen Engagement Approach (UCEA) has been developed. | While our investigation primarily centres on technical optimisation within Positive Energy District (PED) development, it is essential to acknowledge the broader scope encompassing social and governance dimensions. Specifically, understanding stakeholders' willingness to embrace technical recommendations upon project completion is important. Several potential influencing factors merit exploration, including economic considerations, technical optimisation-associated embodied carbon balance, the general public's technical perceptions, and operational feasibility. Evaluating these aspects holistically not only enhances the efficacy of PED initiatives but also fosters greater acceptance and participation within the communities they serve. | - Stakeholder engagement; - Focus on implementing renewable energy production where possible; - Rretrofitting and energy optimization of existing buildings. | ||||
| A3P006: Economic strategies | ||||||||
| A3P006: Economic strategies |
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| A3P006: Other | ||||||||
| A3P007: Social models | ||||||||
| A3P007: Social models |
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| A3P007: Other | ||||||||
| A3P008: Integrated urban strategies | ||||||||
| A3P008: Integrated urban strategies |
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| A3P008: Other | ||||||||
| A3P009: Environmental strategies | ||||||||
| A3P009: Environmental strategies |
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| A3P009: Other | ||||||||
| A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspects | ||||||||
| A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspects | - European Commission has legislated on Energy Community (Renewable energy directive - 2018/2001/EU and Common rules for the internal electricity market directive- 2019/944/EU). - Spanish building certification is regulated through Royal Decree 235/2013. | At national/regional/local level a legislation on PEDs development is not yet available in the Netherlands. There will be a new Environmental Act and Heat Act in the nearby future. We are working on a paper about the current legal barriers, which are in short for Groningen: Lack of legal certainty and clarity with regard to the energy legislation. Lack of coherence between policy and legislation from different ministries. The planned revision of the Dutch Heat Law prevents Groningen from effectively realizing sustainable heat transition plans and goals. Lack of capacity on the distribution grid for electricity | Current energy tariffs disincentivize both individual and collective PV systems – meaning energy communities are not economically feasible, housing associations and public buildings struggle with finding a secure RoI for solar panels, and citizens and local industry lack an incentive to install solar panels on their own | |||||
| B1P001: PED/PED relevant concept definition | ||||||||
| B1P001: PED/PED relevant concept definition | The Rymdgatan's Residential Portfolio in Sweden presents a compelling case study for its classification as a PED-related research, given its alignment with sustainable behaviours and overarching PED development principles as follows: Inclusivity and Social Equity: The residential portfolio situated in Rymdgatan caters primarily to a low-income community. By focusing on this demographic, the project addresses critical aspects of social equity within sustainable urban development. Ensuring access to energy-efficient housing and amenities for economically disadvantaged populations not only fosters social cohesion but also mitigates energy poverty, a pressing concern in many urban contexts. Multifamily Residential Building: The inclusion of multifamily residential buildings within the portfolio underscores a commitment to density and efficient land use, both essential components of sustainable urban design. Such developments promote resource optimisation by consolidating housing units, thereby reducing per capita energy consumption and infrastructure demands. Moreover, multifamily dwellings often facilitate community engagement and shared resource management, fostering a culture of sustainability among residents. Low Carbon Retrofitting and Transition: The overarching initiative to transition the entire Jakobsgårdarna district. The included Rymdgatan portfolio, towards low carbon retrofitting, represents a significant example of decarbonization and climate resilience. By integrating energy-efficient technologies and renewable energy solutions into existing infrastructure, the project not only reduces carbon emissions but also serves as a blueprint for revitalising old urban environments sustainably. This holistic approach to retrofitting demonstrates a systemic commitment to environmental stewardship and long-term sustainability. Climate Adaptation and Renewable Energy Integration: Despite Sweden's climatic challenges, including lower solar resources during winter months, the Rymdgatan project leverages its geographical context to optimize renewable energy utilization. Sweden's greater solar resource availability during summer and geothermal potentials complement the design's emphasis on seasonal energy planning, where surplus energy generated during peak periods can be stored or redistributed efficiently. By embracing climate-responsive design strategies, the project demonstrates resilience in the face of climate variability while harnessing renewable energy potential effectively. | ExPEDite aims at creating and deploying a novel digital twin, allowing for real-time monitoring, visualization and management of district-level energy flows. Cities consume 65% of the world’s energy supply and are responsible for 70% of the CO² emissions, hence sharing a lot of the responsibility for climate change. We are faced with the challenge of redesigning our existing cities to make them more sustainable, resilient, inclusive and safe. Developing Positive Energy Districts (PEDs), is a breakthrough way to deal with the issue of urban emissions and applying adaptation and mitigation strategies to climate change, while ensuring that these urban areas generate an annual surplus of renewable energy and net zero greenhouse gas emissions. PEDs must address environmental, economic and social issues, providing solutions to energy consumption, production, emissions, transport & mobility and livability. By constantly monitoring and evaluating parameters through existing and/or novel sensor systems (e.g., renewable energy production/supply, transport conditions, air quality, energy demand, meteorological conditions, etc.), unconventional techniques may be applied to provide more sustainable options for the district’s needs. | The large scale provides interesting opportunities for both urban development and strategic energy planning; the diverse mix of buildings and functions also allow for interesting discussions regarding PEDs. Another interesting facet is that the district heating grid is almost fully supplied by waste heat. | |||||
| B1P002: Motivation behind PED/PED relevant project development | ||||||||
| B1P002: Motivation behind PED/PED relevant project development | Borlänge city has committed to become the carbon-neutral city by 2030. | Expected outcome 1 Increased number of (tangible) city planning actions for positive clean energy districts using the (proto-)PED design, development and management digital twin tools (based on pre-market research learnings) using open-standards based components which can be reused elsewhere. 2 Increased integration of existing smaller scale management systems (e.g. Building management systems) with open-standards based operational city platforms using sectorial data (e.g. building data, mobility, urban planning, etc.). 3 Enhanced data gathering approaches with identification of relevant multidimensional data sets (e.g. meteorological, load profile, social, geo-spatial, etc.) high-resolution real-time data streams (e.g. renewable energy production, energy consumption), and relevant forecasting data, drawing also on the work of common European data spaces. 4 Increased number of city planning departments / approaches using common data and (replicable) elements and processes. 5 Consolidated city sensor network specifications, complemented by appropriate data gathering approaches for soft data. 6 Improved performance of AI based self-learning systems for optimization of positive clean energy districts and bottom-up complex models. 7 Enhanced innovation capacity of local/regional administrations and accelerated uptake of shared, smart and sustainable zero emission solutions. | The area has an interesting history of development and has recently undergone several urban improvements. This is coupled with a strong local network of business owners and other stakeholders, all with an interest in developing the area in the best way possible. This made for an interesting case from a planning perspective to investigate how this network would pick up on the concept of PED and whether they could see any potential utility in relation to their everyday experiences. | |||||
| B1P003: Environment of the case study area | ||||||||
| B2P003: Environment of the case study area | Suburban area | Rural | Suburban area | Urban area | Urban area | Suburban area | ||
| B1P004: Type of district | ||||||||
| B2P004: Type of district |
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| B1P005: Case Study Context | ||||||||
| B1P005: Case Study Context |
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| B1P006: Year of construction | ||||||||
| B1P006: Year of construction | 2024 | 1990 | ||||||
| B1P007: District population before intervention - Residential | ||||||||
| B1P007: District population before intervention - Residential | 0 | 100 | 16.931 | |||||
| B1P008: District population after intervention - Residential | ||||||||
| B1P008: District population after intervention - Residential | 300 | 100 | ||||||
| B1P009: District population before intervention - Non-residential | ||||||||
| B1P009: District population before intervention - Non-residential | 6 | |||||||
| B1P010: District population after intervention - Non-residential | ||||||||
| B1P010: District population after intervention - Non-residential | 6 | |||||||
| B1P011: Population density before intervention | ||||||||
| B1P011: Population density before intervention | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| B1P012: Population density after intervention | ||||||||
| B1P012: Population density after intervention | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12 | 0 | 0.010658622423328 | 0 | 0 |
| B1P013: Building and Land Use before intervention | ||||||||
| B1P013: Residential | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| B1P013 - Residential: Specify the sqm [m²] | 4360 | |||||||
| B1P013: Office | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Office: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||
| B1P013: Industry and Utility | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Industry and Utility: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||
| B1P013: Commercial | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Commercial: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||
| B1P013: Institutional | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Institutional: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||
| B1P013: Natural areas | no | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Natural areas: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||
| B1P013: Recreational | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Recreational: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||
| B1P013: Dismissed areas | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Dismissed areas: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||
| B1P013: Other | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| B1P013 - Other: Specify the sqm [m²] | 706 | |||||||
| B1P014: Building and Land Use after intervention | ||||||||
| B1P014: Residential | no | yes | no | yes | no | yes | no | no |
| B1P014 - Residential: Specify the sqm [m²] | 4360 | |||||||
| B1P014: Office | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Office: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||
| B1P014: Industry and Utility | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Industry and Utility: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||
| B1P014: Commercial | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Commercial: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||
| B1P014: Institutional | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Institutional: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||
| B1P014: Natural areas | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Natural areas: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||
| B1P014: Recreational | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Recreational: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||
| B1P014: Dismissed areas | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Dismissed areas: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||
| B1P014: Other | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| B1P014 - Other: Specify the sqm [m²] | 706 | |||||||
| B2P001: PED Lab concept definition | ||||||||
| B2P001: PED Lab concept definition | Groningen was selected as Lighthouse City for the MAKING-CITY project. MAKING-CITY is a 60-month Horizon 2020 project launched in December 2018. It aims to address and demonstrate the urban energy system transformation towards smart and low-carbon cities, based on the Positive Energy District (PED) concept. The PED operational models developed in MAKING-CITY will help European and other cities around the world to adopt a long-term City Vision 2050 for energy transition and sustainable urbanisation whilst turning citizens into actors of this transformation. Groningen works with two PED districts in two completely different neighbourhoods in terms of structure and buildings. This is why we see this as a lab: to see wat works and what doesn’t. In order to be able to implement this in the rest of the city. | An ongoing process and dialogue with local stakeholders to determine the future development of the area. | ||||||
| B2P002: Installation life time | ||||||||
| B2P002: Installation life time | CEDER will follow an integrative approach including technology for a permanent installation. | The MAKING-CITY project lasts from November 2018 – November 2023. By that time PED North and PED South East are a fact. | No new installation will be made throughout the project. Rather the project will attempt to establish a local PED network with the aim of empowering the stakeholders to better engage with sustainable technologies. | |||||
| B2P003: Scale of action | ||||||||
| B2P003: Scale | District | District | District | |||||
| B2P004: Operator of the installation | ||||||||
| B2P004: Operator of the installation | CIEMAT. Data detail in contact: mariano.martin@ciemat.es and oscar.izquiedo@ciemat.es | The Municipality of Groningen is Manager of the lab but works closely with other parties such as the university, university of applied sciences, research institute TNO and several other parties. | Kristian Olesen | |||||
| B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materials | ||||||||
| B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materials | Groningen does not have a strategy to reuse and recyle materials | Replication is primarily focused on the establishment of a local network with an interest in and understanding of PED. | ||||||
| B2P006: Circular Economy Approach | ||||||||
| B2P006: Do you apply any strategy to reuse and recycling the materials? | No | No | No | |||||
| B2P006: Other | ||||||||
| B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab | ||||||||
| B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab |
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| B2P007: Other | ||||||||
| B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED Lab | ||||||||
| B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED Lab | Research center/University | Municipality | Research center/University | |||||
| B2P008: Other | ||||||||
| B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab | ||||||||
| B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab |
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| B2P009: Other | research companies, monitoring company, ict company | |||||||
| B2P010: Synergies between the fields of activities | ||||||||
| B2P010: Synergies between the fields of activities | The operation of the laboratory with all the components of the energy networks requires a collaborative work between various departments and entities. On the one hand, it is necessary to optimize the operation of renewable systems based on the weather conditions, forecast of the demand side and the flexibility of the generation systems. On the other hand, the optimization of the energy demands through a more sustainable behaviour of both the building and the users want to be acquired. For this, it is necessary to take into account technical aspects but also market, comfort and encourage the user participation, creating a decision-making matrix that allows optimizing the operation of the global system. | |||||||
| B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab | ||||||||
| B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab |
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| B2P011: Other | ||||||||
| B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab | ||||||||
| B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab |
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| B2P013: Availability of the facilities for external people | ||||||||
| B2P013: Availability of the facilities for external people | ||||||||
| B2P014: Monitoring measures | ||||||||
| B2P014: Monitoring measures |
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| B2P015: Key Performance indicators | ||||||||
| B2P015: Key Performance indicators |
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| B2P016: Execution of operations | ||||||||
| B2P016: Execution of operations | ||||||||
| B2P017: Capacities | ||||||||
| B2P017: Capacities | - Innovative grid configuration to connect bio boilers and solar thermal on buildings. - Environmental & air quality evaluation. - Testing and evaluation of high efficient heating & cooling systems: Gas, biomass, geothermal and absorption H&C pumps … - Definition and implementation of the different regulation modes for the global system. Using the data from the research focused-partners, several regulation modes for the DH network could be defined and implemented in order to obtain an optimal operation of the network. - Innovation in MPC control to enable harvesting 100% renewables in the most efficient way. - Physical integration of the technologies with the existing facilities at the living lab. - Connection between the solar thermal collectors to achieve the lowest heat losses, providing the possibility to use the grid as high or low temperature DH, according to the demand schedule of the buildings. - Test the bio-boiler of the last generation and ultra-low emissions biomass condensing boiler in order to increase efficiency and reduce GHG and air pollutant emissions of the DH plant. - Control of the supply temperature of the DH grid to enable 100% renewables harvesting in the most efficient way. - Research of the incidence of a normal building or a bioclimatic building in the DH grid demand. - Methodologies for concept validation: Definition of the minimum requirements to verify the suitability of the solutions proposed. - Tests campaign: Experimental operation and characterization in a relevant environment, to exploit the technologies at their best and test different demand profiles, different configuration and loads, with real time monitoring and continuous commissioning to control the performance of the technology. - Validation and upgrading recommendation for the DH&C at district level. - Evaluation of innovation actions for potential energy interventions with demand response in buildings. - The complete available infrastructure (MV and LV electric systems, transformation hubs, end consumption, generation sources, communication elements, etc.) belongs to CEDER-CIEMAT, making this the perfect scenario to test and try the performance of “Smart Grid” and “Microgrid” projects. - The type of electric grid, its voltage levels (MV or LV), its variety of real loads (different buildings with different profiles: industrial buildings, offices and so on) and its sources of renewable generation and storage, mean it is ideal for intermediate tests between a small-scale laboratory and final deployment of the real product. | |||||||
| B2P018: Relations with stakeholders | ||||||||
| B2P018: Relations with stakeholders | CEDER - CIEMAT is a public research body assigned to the Ministry of Science and Innovation under the General Secretariat for Research, focusing on energy and environment. To develop this lab CIEMAT has relations with private renewable companies, research centers and academia institutions. | |||||||
| B2P019: Available tools | ||||||||
| B2P019: Available tools |
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| B2P019: Available tools | ||||||||
| B2P020: External accessibility | ||||||||
| B2P020: External accessibility | CIEMAT is a public body, so it´s open to any institution according the actual regulation and agreements. | |||||||
| C1P001: Unlocking Factors | ||||||||
| C1P001: Recent technological improvements for on-site RES production | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important |
| C1P001: Innovative, integrated, prefabricated packages for buildings envelope / Energy efficiency of building stock | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important |
| C1P001: Energy Communities, P2P, Prosumers concepts | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: Storage systems and E-mobility market penetration | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | |
| C1P001: Decreasing costs of innovative materials | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: Financial mechanisms to reduce costs and maximize benefits | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important |
| C1P001: The ability to predict Multiple Benefits | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | |
| C1P001: The ability to predict the distribution of benefits and impacts | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | |
| C1P001: Citizens improved awareness and engagement on sustainable energy issues (bottom-up) | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P001: Social acceptance (top-down) | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important |
| C1P001: Improved local and national policy frameworks (i.e. incentives, laws etc.) | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important |
| C1P001: Presence of integrated urban strategies and plans | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P001: Multidisciplinary approaches available for systemic integration | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P001: Availability of grants (from EC or other donors) to finance the PED Lab projects | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important |
| C1P001: Availability of RES on site (Local RES) | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | |
| C1P001: Ongoing or established collaboration on Public Private Partnership among key stakeholders | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P001: Any other UNLOCKING FACTORS | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P001: Any other UNLOCKING FACTORS (if any) | ||||||||
| C1P002: Driving Factors | ||||||||
| C1P002: Climate Change adaptation need | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important |
| C1P002: Climate Change mitigation need (local RES production and efficiency) | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important |
| C1P002: Rapid urbanization trend and need of urban expansions | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important |
| C1P002: Urban re-development of existing built environment | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P002: Economic growth need | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important |
| C1P002: Improved local environmental quality (air, noise, aesthetics, etc.) | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P002: Territorial and market attractiveness | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P002: Energy autonomy/independence | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P002: Any other DRIVING FACTOR | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P002: Any other DRIVING FACTOR (if any) | Earthquakes due to gas extraction | |||||||
| C1P003: Administrative barriers | ||||||||
| C1P003: Difficulty in the coordination of high number of partners and authorities | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important |
| C1P003: Lack of good cooperation and acceptance among partners | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P003: Lack of public participation | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P003: Lack of institutions/mechanisms to disseminate information | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important |
| C1P003:Long and complex procedures for authorization of project activities | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P003: Time consuming requirements by EC or other donors concerning reporting and accountancy | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P003: Complicated and non-comprehensive public procurement | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P003: Fragmented and or complex ownership structure | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P003: City administration & cross-sectoral attitude/approaches (silos) | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P003: Lack of internal capacities to support energy transition | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P003: Any other Administrative BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P003: Any other Administrative BARRIER (if any) | ||||||||
| C1P004: Policy barriers | ||||||||
| C1P004: Lack of long-term and consistent energy plans and policies | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P004: Lacking or fragmented local political commitment and support on the long term | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important |
| C1P004: Lack of Cooperation & support between national-regional-local entities | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P004: Any other Political BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P004: Any other Political BARRIER (if any) | ||||||||
| C1P005: Legal and Regulatory barriers | ||||||||
| C1P005: Inadequate regulations for new technologies | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P005: Regulatory instability | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P005: Non-effective regulations | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important |
| C1P005: Unfavorable local regulations for innovative technologies | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P005: Building code and land-use planning hindering innovative technologies | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P005: Insufficient or insecure financial incentives | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important |
| C1P005: Unresolved privacy concerns and limiting nature of privacy protection regulation | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P005: Shortage of proven and tested solutions and examples | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | |
| C1P005: Any other Legal and Regulatory BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P005: Any other Legal and Regulatory BARRIER (if any) | laws favouring big energy companies | |||||||
| C1P006: Environmental barriers | ||||||||
| C1P006: Environmental barriers | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | ||||||
| C1P007: Technical barriers | ||||||||
| C1P007: Lack of skilled and trained personnel | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important |
| C1P007: Deficient planning | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P007: Retrofitting work in dwellings in occupied state | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important |
| C1P007: Lack of well-defined process | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important |
| C1P007: Inaccuracy in energy modelling and simulation | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important |
| C1P007: Lack/cost of computational scalability | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P007: Grid congestion, grid instability | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P007: Negative effects of project intervention on the natural environment | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important |
| C1P007: Energy retrofitting work in dense and/or historical urban environment | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important |
| C1P007: Difficult definition of system boundaries | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P007: Any other Thecnical BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P007: Any other Thecnical BARRIER (if any) | ||||||||
| C1P008: Social and Cultural barriers | ||||||||
| C1P008: Inertia | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important |
| C1P008: Lack of values and interest in energy optimization measurements | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important |
| C1P008: Low acceptance of new projects and technologies | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P008: Difficulty of finding and engaging relevant actors | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important |
| C1P008: Lack of trust beyond social network | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P008: Rebound effect | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important |
| C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards environmentalism | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important |
| C1P008: Exclusion of socially disadvantaged groups | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P008: Non-energy issues are more important and urgent for actors | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards energy collaboration | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P008: Any other Social BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P008: Any other Social BARRIER (if any) | ||||||||
| C1P009: Information and Awareness barriers | ||||||||
| C1P009: Insufficient information on the part of potential users and consumers | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | |
| C1P009: Perception of interventions as complicated and expensive, with negative socio-economic or environmental impacts | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P009: Lack of awareness among authorities | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | |
| C1P009: Information asymmetry causing power asymmetry of established actors | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | |
| C1P009: High costs of design, material, construction, and installation | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | |
| C1P009: Any other Information and Awareness BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P009: Any other Information and Awareness BARRIER (if any) | ||||||||
| C1P010: Financial barriers | ||||||||
| C1P010: Hidden costs | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | |
| C1P010: Insufficient external financial support and funding for project activities | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | |
| C1P010: Economic crisis | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P010: Risk and uncertainty | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P010: Lack of consolidated and tested business models | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | |
| C1P010: Limited access to capital and cost disincentives | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | |
| C1P010: Any other Financial BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P010: Any other Financial BARRIER (if any) | ||||||||
| C1P011: Market barriers | ||||||||
| C1P011: Split incentives | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | |
| C1P011: Energy price distortion | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | |
| C1P011: Energy market concentration, gatekeeper actors (DSOs) | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | |
| C1P011: Any other Market BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P011: Any other Market BARRIER (if any) | ||||||||
| C1P012: Stakeholders involved | ||||||||
| C1P012: Government/Public Authorities |
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| C1P012: Research & Innovation |
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| C1P012: Financial/Funding |
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| C1P012: Analyst, ICT and Big Data |
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| C1P012: Business process management |
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| C1P012: Urban Services providers |
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| C1P012: Real Estate developers |
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| C1P012: Design/Construction companies |
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| C1P012: End‐users/Occupants/Energy Citizens |
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| C1P012: Social/Civil Society/NGOs |
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| C1P012: Industry/SME/eCommerce |
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| C1P012: Other | ||||||||
| C1P012: Other (if any) | ||||||||
| Summary |
Authors (framework concept)
Beril Alpagut (Demir Energy); Giulia Turci (University of Bologna); Michal Kuzmic (Czech Technical University in Prague); Paolo Civiero (Università Roma Tre); Serena Pagliulia (University of Bologna); Oscar Seco (CIEMAT); Silvia Soutullo (CIEMAT); Daniele Vettorato (EURAC Research, IEA Annex 83); Bailador Ferreras M. Almudena (CIEMAT); Vicky Albert-Seifried (FHG ISE)
Contributors (to the content)
Laura Aelenei (LNEG), Nienke Maas (TNO), Savis Gohari (OsloMet), Andras Reith (ABUD), Ghazal Etminan (AIT), Maria-Beatrice Andreucci (Universita Sapienza), Francesco Reda (VTT, IEA Annex 83), Mari Hukkalainen (VTT), Judith-Borsboom (Locality), Gilda Massa (ENEA), Jelena Ziemele (University of Latvia), Nikola Pokorny (CVUT), Sergio Diaz de Garayo Balsategui (CENER, IEA Annex 83), Matthias Haaze (ZHAW, IEA Annex 83), Christoph Gollner (FFG, JPI UE), Silvia Bossi (ENEA, JPI UE), Christian Winzer (Zurich University of Applied Science), George Martinopoulos (Centre for Research and Technology Hellas), Maria Nuria Sánchez (CIEMAT), Angelina Tomova (Energy Agency of Plovdiv)
Implemented by
Boutik.pt: Filipe Martins, Jamal Khan
Marek Suchánek (Czech Technical University in Prague)
