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NameProjectTypeCompare
Tartu, Estonia V2G-QUESTS PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Utrecht, the Netherlands (District of Kanaleneiland) V2G-QUESTS PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Aveiro, Portugal V2G-QUESTS PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Győr Geothermal District Heating Project PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Jacobs Borchs Gate, Drammen PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Dietenbach, Freiburg im Breisgau PED Relevant Case Study Compare
SmartEnCity, Lecce SmartEnCity – Towards Smart Zero CO2 Cities across Europe PED Relevant Case Study Compare
STARDUST, Trento STARDUST – Holistic and Integrated Urban Model for Smart Cities PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Klimatkontrakt Hyllie, Malmö PED Relevant Case Study Compare
EnStadt:Pfaff, Kaiserslautern PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
mySMARTlife, Helsinki PED Relevant Case Study Compare
REPLICATE (pilot action in the Novoli-Cascine district on “le PIagge” buildings), Firenze PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Sinfonia, Bolzano PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Hunziker Areal, Zürich PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Hammarby Sjöstad 2.0, PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Sharing Cities, Milano PED Relevant Case Study Compare
District Heating Pozo Barredo, Mieres PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Cityfied (demo Linero), Lund PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Smart Otaniemi, Espoo PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Zukunftsquartier, Vienna PED Case Study Compare
Santa Chiara Open Lab, Trento PED Case Study Compare
Barrio La Pinada, Paterna PED Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Zero Village Bergen (ZVB) ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Case Study Compare
Võru +CityxChange PED Case Study Compare
NTNU Campus within the Knowledge Axis, Trondheim ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Case Study Compare
Furuset project, Oslo ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Case Study Compare
Laser Valley – Land of Lights PED Case Study Compare
Ydalir project ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Case Study Compare
NyBy – Ny Flyplass (New City – New Airport) ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Case Study Compare
Fornebu, Bærum ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Case Study Compare
Fleuraye west, Carquefou PED Case Study Compare
Smart Energy Åland PED Case Study Compare
Romania, Alba Iulia PED ASCEND – Accelerate poSitive Clean ENergy Districts PED Case Study Compare
Romania, Alba Iulia PED InterPED – INTERoperable cloud-based solution for cross-vector planning and management of Positive Energy Districts PED Case Study Compare
Munich, Harthof district PED Case Study Compare
Lublin MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Case Study Compare
Roubaix, MustBe0 – Résidence Philippe le Hardi – 125 Rue d’Oran CULTURAL-E – Climate and cultural-based solutions for Plus Energy Buildings PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Bærum, Eiksveien 116 CULTURAL-E – Climate and cultural-based solutions for Plus Energy Buildings PED Relevant Case Study Uncompare
Findhorn, the Park InterPED – INTERoperable cloud-based solution for cross-vector planning and management of Positive Energy Districts PED Case Study Compare
Amsterdam, Buiksloterham PED ATELIER – AmsTErdam BiLbao cItizen drivEn smaRt cities PED Case Study Compare
Schönbühel-Aggsbach, Schönbühel an der Donau PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Umeå, Ålidhem district PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation PED Case Study Compare
Aalborg East PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Uncompare
Ankara, Çamlık District PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Trenčín MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Case Study Compare
Luxembourg, Betzdorf LEGOFIT – Adaptable technological solutions based on early design actions for the construction and renovation of Energy Positive Homes PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Vantaa, Aviapolis NEUTRALPATH – Pathway towards Climate-Neutrality through low risky and fully replicable Positive Clean Energy Districts PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Vidin, Himik and Bononia MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Case Study Compare
Oslo, Verksbyen Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods PED Case Study Compare
Uden, Loopkantstraat Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Zaragoza, Actur NEUTRALPATH – Pathway towards Climate-Neutrality through low risky and fully replicable Positive Clean Energy Districts PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Aarhus, Brabrand BIPED – Building Intelligent Positive Energy Districts PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Riga, Ķīpsala, RTU smart student city ExPEDite – Enabling Positive Energy Districts through Digital Twins PED Case Study Uncompare
Izmir, District of Karşıyaka PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation PED Case Study Compare
Istanbul, Ozyegin University Campus LEGOFIT – Adaptable technological solutions based on early design actions for the construction and renovation of Energy Positive Homes PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Espoo, Kera SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Borlänge, Rymdgatan’s Residential Portfolio PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation PED Relevant Case Study Uncompare
Freiburg, Waldsee PED urban – Development of methods and tools for accounting, planning and operation of climate-neutral district PED Case Study Compare
Innsbruck, Campagne-Areal PED Relevant Case Study Uncompare
Graz, Reininghausgründe PED Case Study Compare
Stor-Elvdal, Campus Evenstad ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Oulu, Kaukovainio MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Case Study Compare
Halmstad, Fyllinge PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Lund, Brunnshög district PED Case Study Compare
Vienna, Am Kempelenpark PED Case Study Compare
Évora, Portugal POCITYF – A POsitive Energy CITY Transformation Framework PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Kladno, Sletiště (Sport Area), PED Winter Stadium SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Groningen, PED South MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Lab Compare
Groningen, PED North MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Lab Compare
Maia, Sobreiro Social Housing SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Lab Compare
Lubia (Soria), CEDER-CIEMAT PED Lab Uncompare
Tampere, Ilokkaanpuisto district STARDUST – Holistic and Integrated Urban Model for Smart Cities PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Leon, Former Sugar Factory district MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Case Study Compare
Istanbul, Kadikoy district, Caferaga MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Case Study Compare
Espoo, Leppävaara district, Sello center SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Case Study Compare
Espoo, Espoonlahti district, Lippulaiva block SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Case Study Compare
Salzburg, Gneis district Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods PED Case Study Compare
Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods PED Case Study Compare
Tartu, City centre area SmartEnCity – Towards Smart Zero CO2 Cities across Europe PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab
Bologna, Pilastro-Roveri district GRETA – GReen Energy Transition Actions PED Relevant Case Study Uncompare
Barcelona, SEILAB & Energy SmartLab PED Lab Compare
Leipzig, Baumwollspinnerei district SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Case Study Compare
Kifissia, Energy community SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Relevant Case Study Compare
TitleTartu, City centre area
Riga, Ķīpsala, RTU smart student city
«×»
Innsbruck, Campagne-Areal
«×»
Aalborg East, Aalborg Municipality, Region of Northern Jutland, Denmark
«×»
Bærum, Eiksveien 116
«×»
Lubia (Soria), CEDER-CIEMAT
«×»
Bologna, Pilastro-Roveri district
«×»
Borlänge, Rymdgatan’s Residential Portfolio
«×»
A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED Lab
A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED LabTartu, City centre areaRiga, Ķīpsala, RTU smart student cityInnsbruck, Campagne-ArealAalborg East, Aalborg Municipality, Region of Northern Jutland, DenmarkBærum, Eiksveien 116Lubia (Soria), CEDER-CIEMATBologna, Pilastro-Roveri districtBorlänge, Rymdgatan’s Residential Portfolio
A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet
A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet
A1P003: Categorisation of the PED site
PED case studynoyesnononononono
PED relevant case studyyesnoyesyesyesnoyesyes
PED Lab.yesnonoyesnoyesnono
A1P004: Targets of the PED case study / PED Lab
Climate neutralityyesyesyesyesyesnoyesyes
Annual energy surplusnononononononoyes
Energy communitynoyesnonononoyesyes
Circularityyesnonononononono
Air quality and urban comfortnononononoyesnono
Electrificationyesnononoyesnonoyes
Net-zero energy costnonononoyesnonono
Net-zero emissionyesnoyesnoyesyesnono
Self-sufficiency (energy autonomous)noyesnononoyesnono
Maximise self-sufficiencyyesyesnoyesnononoyes
Othernononononononono
Other (A1P004)
A1P005: Phase of the PED case study / PED Lab
A1P005: Project Phase of your case study/PED LabImplementation PhasePlanning PhaseCompletedPlanning PhaseCompletedImplementation PhasePlanning PhasePlanning Phase
A1P006: Start Date
A1P006: Start date02/1601/2404/1611/2201/1811/1909/19
A1P007: End Date
A1P007: End date07/2212/2604/2211/2506/2312/2310/23
A1P008: Reference Project
A1P008: Reference Project
A1P009: Data availability
A1P009: Data availability
  • Monitoring data available within the districts,
  • Open data city platform – different dashboards
  • Monitoring data available within the districts,
  • Meteorological open data,
  • General statistical datasets,
  • GIS open datasets
  • Monitoring data available within the districts
  • Monitoring data available within the districts,
  • GIS open datasets
  • Meteorological open data
  • General statistical datasets
  • Open data city platform – different dashboards,
  • Meteorological open data,
  • General statistical datasets,
  • GIS open datasets
  • Open data city platform – different dashboards
A1P009: Other
A1P010: Sources
Any publication, link to website, deliverable referring to the PED/PED Lab
  • http://www.ceder.es/redes-inteligentes,
  • O. Izquierdo-Monge, Paula Peña-Carro et al. Conversion of a network section with loads, storage systems and renewable generation sources into a smart microgrid. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(11), 5012. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11115012,
  • O. Izquierdo-Monge, Paula Peña-Carro et al. A Methodology for the Conversion of a Network Section with Generation Sources, Storage and Loads into an Electrical Microgrid Based on Raspberry Pi and Home Assistant. ICSC-Cities 2020, CCIS 1359 proceedings. Springer. https:// doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69136-3_1
  • Boeri, A., Boulanger, S., Turci, G., Pagliula, S. (2021) Strategie e tecnologie abilitanti per PED misti: efficienza tra smart cities e industria 4.0. TECHNE, 22, 180-190,
  • Barroco Fontes Cunha F., Carani C., Nucci C.A., Castro C., Santana Silva M., Andrade Torres E. (2021) Transitioning to a low carbon society through energy communities: Lessons learned from Brazil and Italy, ENERGY RESEARCH & SOCIAL SCIENCE, 2021, 75, 1-19.,
  • GRETA Project, Pilastro-Roveri case study. Available at: https://projectgreta.eu/case-study/renewable-energy-district/
    A1P011: Geographic coordinates
    X Coordinate (longitude):26.72273724.0816833911.42434673814025610.00710.5333-2.50811.39732315.394495
    Y Coordinate (latitude):58.38071356.9524595647.27147078672910457.04102859.910041.60344.50710660.486609
    A1P012: Country
    A1P012: CountryEstoniaLatviaAustriaDenmarkNorwaySpainItalySweden
    A1P013: City
    A1P013: CityTartuRigaInnsbruckAalborgBærumLubia - SoriaBolognaBorlänge
    A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification)
    A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification).DfbCfbDfbDfbDfbCfbCfaDsb
    A1P015: District boundary
    A1P015: District boundaryFunctionalGeographicGeographicVirtualOtherGeographicGeographicGeographic
    OtherBuilding
    A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab
    A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab:PrivatePublicMixedPublicPublicPublicMixedMixed
    A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure
    A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure:Multiple OwnersMultiple OwnersMultiple OwnersMultiple OwnersSingle OwnerSingle OwnerMultiple OwnersSingle Owner
    A1P018: Number of buildings in PED
    A1P018: Number of buildings in PED1815416196210
    A1P019: Conditioned space
    A1P019: Conditioned space [m²]35217170000222773700
    A1P020: Total ground area
    A1P020: Total ground area [m²]7931441192641135131308000640000078000009945
    A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area
    A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area01200000
    A1P022: Financial schemes
    A1P022a: Financing - PRIVATE - Real estateyesnonononononono
    A1P022a: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]6500000
    A1P022b: Financing - PRIVATE - ESCO schemenononononononono
    A1P022b: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
    A1P022c: Financing - PRIVATE - Othernononononononono
    A1P022c: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
    A1P022d: Financing - PUBLIC - EU structural fundingyesnonononononono
    A1P022d: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]4000000
    A1P022e: Financing - PUBLIC - National fundingyesnononononoyesno
    A1P022e: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]8000000
    A1P022f: Financing - PUBLIC - Regional fundingnonononononoyesno
    A1P022f: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
    A1P022g: Financing - PUBLIC - Municipal fundingnonononoyesnoyesno
    A1P022g: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
    A1P022h: Financing - PUBLIC - Othernononononononono
    A1P022h: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
    A1P022i: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - EUnoyesnonononoyesno
    A1P022i: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]7500000
    A1P022j: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - Nationalnonoyesyesnoyesnono
    A1P022j: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
    A1P022k: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - Local/regionalnononononoyesyesno
    A1P022k: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
    A1P022l: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - Othernononononononono
    A1P022l: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
    A1P022: Other
    A1P023: Economic Targets
    A1P023: Economic Targets
    • Positive externalities
    • Boosting local businesses,
    • Boosting local and sustainable production
    • Job creation,
    • Other
    • Positive externalities,
    • Boosting local businesses,
    • Boosting local and sustainable production
    • Other
    • Boosting local and sustainable production,
    • Boosting consumption of local and sustainable products
    • Job creation,
    • Positive externalities,
    • Boosting local businesses
    • Positive externalities,
    • Boosting local businesses,
    • Boosting consumption of local and sustainable products
    A1P023: OtherCreate affordable appartments for the citizensSocial housing
    A1P024: More comments:
    A1P024: More comments:Owners are two local social housing companies. The complete district will consist 4 building blocks, from which only the first one with 4 building is ready built and occupied. At the end, it would be a district of ca. 1100 flats in 16 buildings with 78000 m2The Centre for the Development of Renewable Energy (CEDER)is specialized in applied research, development and promotion of renewable energy. Among the facilities of this Centre, the urban laboratory CEDER-CIEMAT assess the performance of different configurations of energy networks at the district level. This PED-Lab infrastructure is an energy district that connects six office buildings with energy generation installations by means of two energy rings: electrical grid (in operation phase) and thermal network (in the implementation phase). The buildings of this PED Lab can act as energy demanders or suppliers depending on the climatic and operational conditions. The majority of these buildings are constructed with conventional technologies but some of them are implemented with efficient and sustainable measures. The thermal network is composed by two biomass boilers, 300 kW power each, and water tanks with 90 kWh of thermal storage. This network will shortly be expanded with a low temperature (90°C) and high temperature (150°-250°C) rings. The low-temperature ring is made up by two Stirling engine cogeneration boilers (one biomass gasification boiler and one gas boiler). The high-temperature ring has a thermal generator made up of Fresnel solar concentrators and an ORC cogeneration system fed directly from the solar concentrator. The high-temperature ring is interconnected with the low-temperature ring through an oil/water heat exchanger. This network has thermal storage systems in the modalities of: aquifers, boreholes, phase change materials, cold storage with geothermal exchange ground recovery and thermal storage at very low temperature with zeolites. The electrical grid incorporates different renewable generation technologies (50 kW wind turbine and eight different photovoltaic systems, a reversible hydraulic system), and engine generator of 100 kVA, electricity storages (batteries) and flexible loads.The Pilastro-Roveri area is a large peri-urban district in the northeast of the city of Bologna (about 650 hectares). In particular, the northern area is mainly characterised by the residential sector of Rione Pilastro, a significant complex of social housing built in the 1960s in response to the housing emergency due to migrations from southern Italy and nowadays satisfying more global migrations. The southern area is instead characterised by the presence of the production district called Roveri. The area appears relevant for the research as it has several evolution potentials towards a climate-neutral district. In particular some key factors are interesting: - the presence of one of the largest photovoltaic parks in Europe on the roofs of CAAB, characterised by a production of 11,350,000 Kw/h of primary energy; - the presence of companies attentive to the issues of climate change and energy, able to act as facilitators for the area. This is the case of FIVE, a leader in the production of electric bicycles, whose plant is the first nZEB (nearly Zero Energy Building) productive building in the city; - the high presence of industrial buildings of different sizes needing a reduction in energy consumption; - the presence of obsolete, sometimes in decay, and of general highly energy-intensive buildings in the Pilastro area, accompanied by spread phenomena of energy poverty; - the presence of spaces that could be converted (e.g. unused warehouses, unexploited green areas, etc.); - the presence of an active community, characterised by numerous associations, but also by social challenges linked to multiple vulnerabilities; - the presence of local actors interested in the development of the area (including the Municipality, the University, Confindustria, ENEA, Confartigianato, etc.). Two main research projects are actually ongoing in the area, applying solutions towards energy improvement and transition strategies to guide the area towards climate neutrality: - GECO - Green Energy Community, funded by EIT Climate-KIC and active since 2019, aims to trigger a virtuous path of energy sharing between companies and citizens through the creation of an energy community. - GRETA - Green Energy Transition Actions, funded by the H2020 programme, aims to understand drivers and barriers on the involvement of citizens in the energy transition processes, by formulating Community Transition Pathways and Energy Citizenship Contracts. [from: Boeri, A., Boulanger, S., Turci, G., Pagliula, S. (2021) Strategie e tecnologie abilitanti per PED misti: efficienza tra smart cities e industria 4.0. TECHNE, 22, 180-190]
    A1P025: Estimated PED case study / PED LAB costs
    A1P025: Estimated PED case study / PED LAB costs [mil. EUR]25
    Contact person for general enquiries
    A1P026: NameJaanus TammJudith StiekemaGeorgios DermentzisKristian OlesenJohn Einar ThommesenDr. Raquel RamosProf. Danila LongoJingchun Shen
    A1P027: OrganizationTartu City GovernmentOASCUniversity of InnsbruckAalborg UniversitySINTEF CommunityCentre for the Development of Renewable Energy (CEDER) - Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology Research (CIEMAT)University of Bologna - Architecture DepartmentHögskolan Dalarna
    A1P028: AffiliationMunicipality / Public BodiesOtherResearch Center / UniversityResearch Center / UniversityMunicipality / Public BodiesResearch Center / UniversityResearch Center / UniversityResearch Center / University
    A1P028: Othernot for profit private organisation
    A1P029: EmailJaanus.tamm@tartu.eejudith@oascities.orgGeorgios.Dermentzis@uibk.ac.atKristian@plan.aau.dkjohn.thommesen@sintef.noraquel.ramos@ciemat.esjih@du.se
    Contact person for other special topics
    A1P030: NameKaspar AlevAlex Søgaard MorenoJohn Einar ThommesenDr. Oscar SecoXingxing Zhang
    A1P031: EmailKaspar.alev@tartu.eeasm@aalborg.dkjohn.thommesen@sintef.nooscar.seco@ciemat.esxza@du.se
    Pursuant to the General Data Protection RegulationYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
    A2P001: Fields of application
    A2P001: Fields of application
    • Energy efficiency,
    • Energy flexibility,
    • Energy production,
    • E-mobility,
    • Urban comfort (pollution, heat island, noise level etc.),
    • Digital technologies,
    • Indoor air quality
    • Energy efficiency,
    • Energy flexibility,
    • Energy production,
    • E-mobility,
    • Digital technologies
    • Energy efficiency,
    • Energy production,
    • Indoor air quality
    • Energy efficiency,
    • Energy flexibility,
    • Energy production,
    • Urban comfort (pollution, heat island, noise level etc.),
    • Digital technologies
    • Energy efficiency,
    • Energy flexibility,
    • Energy production,
    • Digital technologies,
    • Indoor air quality
    • Energy efficiency,
    • Energy flexibility,
    • Energy production,
    • E-mobility,
    • Digital technologies,
    • Waste management
    • Energy efficiency,
    • Energy flexibility,
    • Energy production,
    • E-mobility,
    • Construction materials
    A2P001: Other
    A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fields
    A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fieldsEnergy efficiency: - buildings retrofitting - combined public and private financing - low temperature central heating - LED lighting Energy production: - installation of photovoltaic (PV) systems for renewable on-site energy production; Digital technologies: - smart-meters smart home system. Smart city information platform E-mobility - Installation of new charging stations for electric vehicles; - e-bike/bikesharing services implementation. Urban comfort and air quality - Control units for air pollutants concentration (PM2.5, PM10, NO2) - Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan - SECAP)A suite of replicable modeling tools will enable stakeholders to analyze planning actions towards positive energy in a cost-effective fashion, aiding their evidence based decision-making process. The tools will be able to model the district’s energy production and demand, optimize for flexibility and simulate mobility and transport. By employing gamification and co-creation approaches, the project will enhance public awareness and engagement in energy efficiency. The project will culminate in the publication of practical guidelines, reusable models, algorithms, and training materials to aid other cities to replicate the digital twin for their districts, fostering widespread adoption of sustainable energy practices.The buildings are designed based on Passive House standards and dynamic building and system simulations are performed to optimise the HVAC systems, that are a ground-water heat pump for space heating and district heating for domestic hot water preparation. Photovoltaic systems are installed in the available roof spaces, however, more renewable sources are required due to very large number of apartments (very high density) to reach PED, and thus, simulation studies are performed.Stakeholder engagement, expert energy system analysis, future scenariosEnergy efficiency: - Buildings energy retrofit. Energy production: - Biomass Boiler capacity: 0.6 MW. Annual production: 1.2 GWh - Solar thermal collectors: 70 kW, planned extended to: 0.47MW - Geotermal & Absorption Pumps: 100 kW - Share of renewables after extension: 100% (30% solar thermal and 70% biomass) - AOC 50kW wind turbine. Awaiting installation of a two-way AC-AC converter for subsequent connection to the grid - Bornay Inclin 3 kW wind turbine, connected to 24 Vdc batteries, to be connected to the grid by means of Xantrex inverter/charger - 9kW photovoltaic park (66PV panels, brand BP Solar,type BP5140,of 140W) connected to the grid by means of two INGECON SUN 5 inverters - 5kW photovoltaic pergola (24PV panels, brand Solon, type P200, of 210W) connected to the grid by means of one INGECON SUN 5 inverter - 8.28kW photovoltaic roof (36PV panels, Brand LDK, type LDK-230P-20), connected to the grid by means of one INGECONSUN 10 inverter - 12kW photovoltaic roof (80PV panels, brand Gamesa, type GS-1501), connected to the grid. - Reversible hydraulic system connected to a 60 kW electric generator and a pumping system. -Stirling engine with a heat lamp based on natural gas, a helium cool lamp, 10kWe maximum power delivered and global performance of approximately 33%. Energy flexibility: - Thermal storage systems: water tanks 90kW, aquifers, boreholes, phase change materials, cold storage with geothermal exchange ground recovery and thermal storage at very low temperature with zeolites. - Electrical storage systems: batteries (lead-acid and lithium-ion). - Flexible loads. Control systems and Digital technologies: - Full monitoring campaign. - Smart-meters installation to monitor consumption and suggest another energy behaviours. - Dynamic simulation tools to optimize the energy performance. Urban comfort and air quality: - Meteorological stations to monitor the climate evolution. - Microclimatic simulation tools to quantify the thermal behaviour.Energy efficiency: - buildings energy retrofit supported by tax incentives (110%, façade bonus, eco-bonus, sismabonus, renovation bonus, etc.); - several activities - such as Workshops, Webinars, Roundtables, Urban Trekking, etc…- are encouraged in the area to deepen knowledge and raise awareness on energy issues among urban stakeholders (householders, occupants, workers, etc..); - reduction in energy consumption also through every day energy saving actions. The spread of energy poverty phenomena in the area is considered urgent both for the medium-low-income population living in Pilastro and for small and medium-sized enterprises placed in Roveri; - Project for a One-stop-shop to guide residents and enterprises towards more conscious energy behaviours (planned in Bologna SECAP). Energy production: - installation of new photovoltaic (PV) systems for renewable on-site energy production; - presence of a waste to energy plant connected to the district heating system; - presence of a large PV plant in the CAAB area - 11,350,000 Kw/h Energy flexibility: - testing energy community and collective self-consumption feasibility in Pilastro area through an active citizens involvement process; - testing energy community feasibility among SMEs in Roveri industrial area; - testing the potential of complementary energy consumption profiles between residential area (Pilastro) and industrial area (Roveri). Digital technologies: - smart-meters installation in some dwellings in order to monitor consumption and suggest more sustainable energy behaviors; - Blog Pilastro as a tool to inform about the main activities and events ongoing in the area; E-mobility - Installation of new charging stations for electric vehicles; - e-bike/bikesharing services recovery (in fact during Covid-19 in the area Mobike service was suspended) and implementation. Urban comfort and air quality - Control units for air pollutants concentration (PM2.5, PM10, NO2); - Microclimatic simulationLoad calculation and system optimisation: City Energy Analyst Identification of stranded assets for asset owners and investors to understand the carbon risks: CRREM
    A2P003: Application of ISO52000
    A2P003: Application of ISO52000NoNoNoNoNoYesNo
    A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balance
    A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balanceYesYesYesNoYesNoYes
    A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balance
    A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balanceNoYesNoNoNoNoNo
    A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculation
    A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculationThe university operates a fleet of 13 electric vehicles (EV) (61kW power each). There are 5 EV charging stations on campus.Large combined industrial, residential, and commercial area with complex flows of in- and outgoing traffic.
    A2P007: Annual energy demand in buildings / Thermal demand
    A2P007: Annual energy demand in buildings / Thermal demand [GWh/annum]9.180000.392180.6777
    A2P008: Annual energy demand in buildings / Electric Demand
    A2P008: Annual energy demand in buildings / Electric Demand [GWh/annum]50000.6551480.03656
    A2P009: Annual energy demand for e-mobility
    A2P009: Annual energy demand for e-mobility [GWh/annum]00
    A2P010: Annual energy demand for urban infrastructure
    A2P010: Annual energy demand for urban infrastructure [GWh/annum]0
    A2P011: Annual renewable electricity production on-site during target year
    A2P011: PVyesnoyesnonoyesyesno
    A2P011: PV - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]0.42
    A2P011: Windnoyesnoyesnoyesnono
    A2P011: Wind - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
    A2P011: Hydronononononoyesnono
    A2P011: Hydro - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
    A2P011: Biomass_elnononononoyesnono
    A2P011: Biomass_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
    A2P011: Biomass_peat_elnononononononono
    A2P011: Biomass_peat_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
    A2P011: PVT_elnoyesnononononoyes
    A2P011: PVT_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]0.01818
    A2P011: Othernononoyesnononono
    A2P011: Other - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
    A2P012: Annual renewable thermal production on-site during target year
    A2P012: Geothermalnononononoyesnono
    A2P012 - Geothermal: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
    A2P012: Solar Thermalyesnonononoyesyesno
    A2P012 - Solar Thermal: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]0.5
    A2P012: Biomass_heatnoyesnononoyesyesno
    A2P012 - Biomass_heat: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
    A2P012: Waste heat+HPnononoyesnoyesnono
    A2P012 - Waste heat+HP: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]300
    A2P012: Biomass_peat_heatnononononononono
    A2P012 - Biomass_peat_heat: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
    A2P012: PVT_thnononononononoyes
    A2P012 - PVT_th: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]0.0825
    A2P012: Biomass_firewood_thnononononoyesnono
    A2P012 - Biomass_firewood_th: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
    A2P012: Othernononononononono
    A2P012 - Other: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
    A2P013: Renewable resources on-site - Additional notes
    A2P013: Renewable resources on-site - Additional notesConventional power generation: The university’s heat supply is designed as a local centralized heat supply system. Electrical power, generated in combined heat and power (CHP) units, is delivered to the distribution network and sold to energy traders as regulated by local legislation and norms. There are two natural gas burners acting as heat sources (3MW and 6MW capacity), and two CHP units (1.6MW and 0.45MW thermal capacity). All heating is supplied from the CHP plants. Renewable Energy Sources (RES): a wind turbine (3.6 kW) and PV panels (11.7 kW) are connected to the faculty microgrid. In the future it is planned to power the campus entirely from local RES.Very little wind production currently exists in the area. The electricity production of the waste incineration plant will be included at a later date. Aalborg East is partly a remarkable area for hosting a Portland cement factory that accounts for a substantial share of Denmark’s total CO2 emissions. In turn, it also provides waste heat to the district heating grid for all of Aalborg city and some of the smaller towns that are connected to the same DH grid.
    A2P014: Annual energy use
    A2P014: Annual energy use [GWh/annum]0.966200.318
    A2P015: Annual energy delivered
    A2P015: Annual energy delivered [GWh/annum]-23990.2055
    A2P016: Annual non-renewable electricity production on-site during target year
    A2P016: Annual non-renewable electricity production on-site during target year [GWh/annum]0
    A2P017: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year
    A2P017: Gasnoyesnononononono
    A2P017 - Gas: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum]
    A2P017: Coalnononononononono
    A2P017 - Coal: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum]
    A2P017: Oilnononononononono
    A2P017 - Oil: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum]
    A2P017: Othernononoyesnononoyes
    A2P017 - Other: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum]3000
    A2P018: Annual renewable electricity imports from outside the boundary during target year
    A2P018: PVnononononononono
    A2P018 - PV: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
    A2P018: Windnononononononono
    A2P018 - Wind: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
    A2P018: Hydronononononononono
    A2P018 - Hydro: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
    A2P018: Biomass_elnononononononono
    A2P018 - Biomass_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
    A2P018: Biomass_peat_elnononononononono
    A2P018 - Biomass_peat_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
    A2P018: PVT_elnononononononono
    A2P018 - PVT_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
    A2P018: Othernononononononoyes
    A2P018 - Other: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]0.187
    A2P019: Annual renewable thermal imports from outside the boundary during target year
    A2P019: Geothermalnononononononono
    A2P019 Geothermal: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
    A2P019: Solar Thermalnononononononono
    A2P019 Solar Thermal: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
    A2P019: Biomass_heatnononononononono
    A2P019 Biomass_heat: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
    A2P019: Waste heat+HPnononononononono
    A2P019 Waste heat+HP: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
    A2P019: Biomass_peat_heatnononononononono
    A2P019 Biomass_peat_heat: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
    A2P019: PVT_thnononononononono
    A2P019 PVT_th: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
    A2P019: Biomass_firewood_thnononononononono
    A2P019 Biomass_firewood_th: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
    A2P019: Othernononononononoyes
    A2P019 Other: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]0
    A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary
    A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary00000000.53839572192513
    A2P021: GHG-balance calculated for the PED
    A2P021: GHG-balance calculated for the PED [tCO2/annum]9806.93
    A2P022: KPIs related to the PED case study / PED Lab
    A2P022: Safety & Securitynone
    A2P022: Healthindoor air quility (indoor CO2 concentration) - measured on the extract air of the mechanical ventilation system. Relative humidity to avoid mold.thermal comfort diagram
    A2P022: Educationnone
    A2P022: Mobilitynone
    A2P022: EnergySpace heating demand, thermal energy delivered by district heating, electricity of the heat pump, thermal losses of the pipes, and PV production.normalized CO2/GHG & Energy intensity
    A2P022: Water
    A2P022: Economic developmentcost of excess emissions
    A2P022: Housing and Community
    A2P022: Waste
    A2P022: Other
    A2P023: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Generation
    A2P023: Photovoltaicsyesnoyesyesnoyesyesyes
    A2P023: Solar thermal collectorsnononoyesnoyesyesyes
    A2P023: Wind Turbinesnononononoyesnono
    A2P023: Geothermal energy systemnononononoyesyesyes
    A2P023: Waste heat recoverynononoyesnoyesnoyes
    A2P023: Waste to energynononoyesnonoyesno
    A2P023: Polygenerationnononononoyesnono
    A2P023: Co-generationnononononoyesyesno
    A2P023: Heat Pumpnonoyesyesnoyesyesyes
    A2P023: Hydrogennononononoyesnono
    A2P023: Hydropower plantnononononoyesnono
    A2P023: Biomassyesnonoyesnoyesnono
    A2P023: Biogasyesnonononononono
    A2P023: Other
    A2P024: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Flexibility
    A2P024: A2P024: Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)yesyesnononoyesyesyes
    A2P024: Energy management systemyesyesnoyesnoyesnono
    A2P024: Demand-side managementnoyesnoyesnoyesnono
    A2P024: Smart electricity gridnoyesnoyesnoyesnono
    A2P024: Thermal Storagenoyesyesyesnoyesnoyes
    A2P024: Electric Storagenoyesnoyesnoyesyesno
    A2P024: District Heating and Coolingyesyesyesyesnoyesyesyes
    A2P024: Smart metering and demand-responsive control systemsnoyesnoyesnoyesnono
    A2P024: P2P – buildingsnonoyesnonononono
    A2P024: Other
    A2P025: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Efficiency
    A2P025: Deep Retrofittingyesnonoyesnoyesyesyes
    A2P025: Energy efficiency measures in historic buildingsnononononononono
    A2P025: High-performance new buildingsnonoyesnononoyesno
    A2P025: Smart Public infrastructure (e.g. smart lighting)yesnononononoyesno
    A2P025: Urban data platformsyesyesnononononono
    A2P025: Mobile applications for citizensyesyesnonononoyesno
    A2P025: Building services (HVAC & Lighting)noyesyesnonoyesyesyes
    A2P025: Smart irrigationnononononononono
    A2P025: Digital tracking for waste disposalnonononononoyesno
    A2P025: Smart surveillanceyesnonoyesnonoyesno
    A2P025: Other
    A2P026: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Mobility
    A2P026: Efficiency of vehicles (public and/or private)yesnononononoyesno
    A2P026: Measures to reduce traffic volume (e.g. measure to support public transportation, shared mobility, measure to reduce journeys and distances)yesnononononoyesno
    A2P026: e-Mobilityyesnononononoyesno
    A2P026: Soft mobility infrastructures and last mile solutionsnonononononoyesno
    A2P026: Car-free areanononononoyesnono
    A2P026: Other
    A2P027: Mobility strategies - Additional notes
    A2P027: Mobility strategies - Additional notes
    A2P028: Energy efficiency certificates
    A2P028: Energy efficiency certificatesYesNoYesYesYesYesNo
    A2P028: If yes, please specify and/or enter notesTwo buildings are certified "Passive House new build"In Spain it is mandatory the Energy Performance Certificate in order to buy or rent a house or a dwellingEnergy Performance Certificate for each dwelling
    A2P029: Any other building / district certificates
    A2P029: Any other building / district certificatesNoNoNoNoNoNo
    A2P029: If yes, please specify and/or enter notes
    A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy
    A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy
    • Energy master planning (SECAP, etc.)
    • Smart cities strategies,
    • Promotion of energy communities (REC/CEC),
    • Climate change adaption plan/strategy (e.g. Climate City contract),
    • National / international city networks addressing sustainable urban development and climate neutrality
    • Smart cities strategies
    • Smart cities strategies,
    • Urban Renewal Strategies,
    • New development strategies,
    • National / international city networks addressing sustainable urban development and climate neutrality
    • Smart cities strategies,
    • New development strategies,
    • Promotion of energy communities (REC/CEC),
    • Climate change adaption plan/strategy (e.g. Climate City contract)
    • Urban Renewal Strategies,
    • Energy master planning (SECAP, etc.),
    • Promotion of energy communities (REC/CEC),
    • Climate change adaption plan/strategy (e.g. Climate City contract),
    • National / international city networks addressing sustainable urban development and climate neutrality
    • Promotion of energy communities (REC/CEC),
    • Climate change adaption plan/strategy (e.g. Climate City contract)
    A3P002: Quantitative targets included in the city / national strategy
    A3P002: Quantitative targets included in the city / national strategyReduction of 1018000 tons CO2 by 2030- Testing the combination of renewable technologies at district level. - Optimization of the generation side based on the weather forecasting and demand side. - Optimization of the control system, connected to the central node, to design and perform virtual analyses based on the combination of all the systems and infrastructures. - Optimization of ICT systems. - Design and management of a virtual analysis - Optimization of efficient measures: building performance, user´s behaviour… - Combination of flexible storage systems to operate the global installation.City level targets Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (PUMS) - 2019 | Targets: - by 2030 440,000 daily trips will no longer be made by car but on foot, by bike or by public transport; - by 2030 12% of vehicles will be electric; Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan (SECAP) - 2021 | Targets: - by 2025 deep renovation of 3% per year of residential homes (insulation of building envelopes and adoption of heat pump heating system); - by 2030 reduction of electricity consumption at least of 20% compared to 2018; - by 2030 100% coverage of electricity consumption for municipal buildings; - by 2030 increase public green areas by at least 10% Urban General Plan (PUG) - 2021 | Targets: - by 2030 net zero land consumption; National level targets Integrated National Energy and Climate Plan - 2020 | Targets: - by 2030 reduction of 43% for primary energy consumption, with respect to the reference 2007 scenario. - by 2030 increase of 30% of energy production from renewable sources; - by 2025 energy generation for electricity independent from the use of coal;The study aligns closely with the decarbonisation and energy reduction pathways of residential multi family buildings with 1.5°C global warming target in Sweden. This study will also contribute to the achievement of the carbon neturality of whole Borlänge city by 2030.
    A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid
    A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid
    • Biogas,
    • Hydrogen
    • Electrification of Heating System based on Heat Pumps,
    • Other
    • Electrification of Heating System based on Heat Pumps,
    • Biogas
    • Electrification of Heating System based on Heat Pumps,
    • Biogas,
    • Hydrogen
    • Electrification of Heating System based on Heat Pumps,
    • Electrification of Cooking Methods
    A3P003: OtherDistrict heating based mainly on heat pumps and renewable sources
    A3P004: Identification of needs and priorities
    A3P004: Identification of needs and prioritiesThe priority was to eliminate the CO2 emissions by optimizing the building envelope and the heating systems.Decarbonize part of Aalborg city as a way of working incrementally towards being a zero-emission city.Nursing home for people with special needs- Create a thermal energy storage tank to be used for air conditioning the buildings. - Some buildings need to be renovated both to increase the energy performance, the seismic behaviour and spaces liveability and comfort. - Optimizing the coupling between technologies. - Guarantee the flexibility to operate the renewable installations to operate in different phases and with different configurations. - CEDER is a public research center and needs to have connected any energy system to the same grid. - CEDER has an industrial develop area where some experimental thermal storage system could be tested.Bologna needs to reach the climate neutrality proceeding by ‘part’ of the city. Pilastro-Roveri is a promising district due to the following reasons: - some buildings need to be renovated both to increase the energy performance, the seismic behaviour, spaces liveability and comfort; - Pilastro is a residential area with the presence of a high percentage of vulnerable inhabitants affected by energy poverty phenomenon. This situation needs to be prioritized; - Pilastro is characterized by the presence of large underused green spaces that can represent a valuable resource for social cohesion and for heat island phenomenon mitigation; - Roveri is an industrial area where some small-medium enterprises are investing in order to improve their facilities and to efficiency their production cycle; - Roveri and Pilastro areas present complementary energy consumption curves throughout the day/week with a high potential for energy sharing and flexibility.In our project, we carried out a comprehensive exploration of strategies to achieve positive energy districts in a Swedish residential portfolio. The focus on urban energy transitions necessitates a holistic approach that integrates building retrofit, solar technology exploration, and heating supply optimisation. Exploration of Local Solar Sources: The analysis reveals varying solar irradiance resources throughout the year, emphasizing the importance of strategic placement. Integration of combined photovoltaic and thermal panels into building envelopes demonstrates the potential to cover a significant portion of the energy demand even in Sweden. Heating Supply Optimisation with Solar Technologies: Despite the surplus energy production from on-site solar technology, challenges arise due to temporal energy asymmetry. The introduction of heat pumps emerges as a feasible solution to balance energy gaps, utilising both rejected and free heat. Optimisation scenarios, utilising a combination of geothermal heat pumps, water source heat pumps, and PVT, showcase remarkable reductions in emissions and primary energy consumption. Urban Form and Energy Infrastructure Design: We realised the importance of returning to urban form and energy infrastructure design to optimise future residential portfolio potential. Building layout design, influenced by zoning regulations and innovative typologies, plays a crucial role in achieving district level energy efficiency. Future challenges, including demographic shifts, e-mobility, and climate change, necessitate a more holistic approach to energy infrastructure design, addressing not only heating and electricity demands but also cooling requirements.
    A3P005: Sustainable behaviour
    A3P005: Sustainable behaviour- Stakeholder engagement; - Focus on implementing renewable energy production where possible; - Rretrofitting and energy optimization of existing buildings.- Minimize the building energy consumption while maintaining indoor comfort levels. - Onsite renewable production with flexible storage elements to fix demand side and generation side. - Flexible control solutions through digitalization systems.Bologna SECAP, as well as the participation to the 100 Climate-Neutral Cities, promotes the PED model as an enabling tool to foster city energy transition process. In Pilastro-Roveri district two main sustainable behaviours approaches can be identified: - bottom-up approach - some citizens are joining forces to create groups of energy self-consumption, in view of energy communities’ implementation and, at the same time, some companies have already undertaken some efficiency intervention on the production system by leveraging highly energy-efficient technologies; - top-down approach - GECO and GRETA are international ongoing projects on the area that promote innovation and energy transition with important fundings from the European Union, but with a particular focus on citizen engagement and participatory approach. Simultaneously, new and updated planning tools such as PUG, SECAP and SUMP identify in this part of Bologna city a key area to enable an ecological transition process holding together all relevant stakeholders - citizens, small-medium enterprises and Institutions. These two thrusts (bottom-up and top-down) need to be optimized in view of a participatory pathway towards the grounding of a Positive Energy District in Pilastro-Roveri.While our investigation primarily centres on technical optimisation within Positive Energy District (PED) development, it is essential to acknowledge the broader scope encompassing social and governance dimensions. Specifically, understanding stakeholders' willingness to embrace technical recommendations upon project completion is important. Several potential influencing factors merit exploration, including economic considerations, technical optimisation-associated embodied carbon balance, the general public's technical perceptions, and operational feasibility. Evaluating these aspects holistically not only enhances the efficacy of PED initiatives but also fosters greater acceptance and participation within the communities they serve.
    A3P006: Economic strategies
    A3P006: Economic strategies
    • Innovative business models,
    • PPP models,
    • Life Cycle Cost,
    • Existing incentives
    • Open data business models,
    • Innovative business models,
    • Demand management Living Lab
    • Life Cycle Cost,
    • Circular economy models
    • Demand management Living Lab
    • Innovative business models,
    • PPP models,
    • Circular economy models,
    • Demand management Living Lab,
    • Existing incentives
    • Open data business models,
    • Life Cycle Cost,
    • Circular economy models,
    • Local trading
    A3P006: Other
    A3P007: Social models
    A3P007: Social models
    • Strategies towards (local) community-building,
    • Co-creation / Citizen engagement strategies,
    • Behavioural Change / End-users engagement,
    • Citizen Social Research,
    • Policy Forums,
    • Social incentives,
    • Quality of Life,
    • Prevention of energy poverty,
    • Digital Inclusion,
    • Citizen/owner involvement in planning and maintenance,
    • Educational activities and trainings (including capacity building towards technology literacy, energy efficient behaviour)
    • Strategies towards (local) community-building,
    • Co-creation / Citizen engagement strategies
    • Co-creation / Citizen engagement strategies,
    • Social incentives,
    • Affordability,
    • Prevention of energy poverty,
    • Citizen/owner involvement in planning and maintenance
    • Strategies towards (local) community-building,
    • Co-creation / Citizen engagement strategies,
    • Policy Forums,
    • Citizen/owner involvement in planning and maintenance
    • Educational activities and trainings (including capacity building towards technology literacy, energy efficient behaviour)
    • Digital Inclusion,
    • Educational activities and trainings (including capacity building towards technology literacy, energy efficient behaviour)
    • Strategies towards (local) community-building,
    • Co-creation / Citizen engagement strategies,
    • Behavioural Change / End-users engagement,
    • Citizen Social Research,
    • Policy Forums,
    • Affordability,
    • Prevention of energy poverty,
    • Digital Inclusion,
    • Citizen/owner involvement in planning and maintenance,
    • Educational activities and trainings (including capacity building towards technology literacy, energy efficient behaviour)
    • Strategies towards (local) community-building,
    • Behavioural Change / End-users engagement,
    • Social incentives,
    • Affordability,
    • Digital Inclusion
    A3P007: Other
    A3P008: Integrated urban strategies
    A3P008: Integrated urban strategies
    • Strategic urban planning,
    • City Vision 2050,
    • SECAP Updates
    • Digital twinning and visual 3D models
    • Strategic urban planning,
    • District Energy plans
    • District Energy plans,
    • Building / district Certification
    • Strategic urban planning,
    • Digital twinning and visual 3D models,
    • City Vision 2050,
    • SECAP Updates,
    • Building / district Certification
    • Strategic urban planning,
    • Digital twinning and visual 3D models,
    • District Energy plans,
    • Building / district Certification
    A3P008: Other
    A3P009: Environmental strategies
    A3P009: Environmental strategies
    • Net zero carbon footprint,
    • Carbon-free,
    • Pollutants Reduction,
    • Greening strategies,
    • Sustainable Urban drainage systems (SUDS),
    • Nature Based Solutions (NBS)
    • Energy Neutral
    • Energy Neutral,
    • Low Emission Zone
    • Energy Neutral,
    • Net zero carbon footprint
    • Other
    • Energy Neutral,
    • Low Emission Zone,
    • Pollutants Reduction,
    • Greening strategies
    • Energy Neutral,
    • Low Emission Zone,
    • Net zero carbon footprint,
    • Life Cycle approach,
    • Pollutants Reduction,
    • Greening strategies
    • Low Emission Zone,
    • Net zero carbon footprint,
    • Life Cycle approach,
    • Sustainable Urban drainage systems (SUDS)
    A3P009: OtherPEB
    A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspects
    A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspectsCurrent energy tariffs disincentivize both individual and collective PV systems – meaning energy communities are not economically feasible, housing associations and public buildings struggle with finding a secure RoI for solar panels, and citizens and local industry lack an incentive to install solar panels on their own- European Commission has legislated on Energy Community (Renewable energy directive - 2018/2001/EU and Common rules for the internal electricity market directive- 2019/944/EU). - Spanish building certification is regulated through Royal Decree 235/2013.PEDs in Italy are meant as strategies towards climate-neutrality: at national/regional/local level a specific legislation on PEDs development is not yet available. However, the European Commission has legislated on Energy Community (‘Renewable energy’ directive - 2018/2001/EU and ‘Common rules for the internal electricity market’ directive- 2019/944/EU). Italy, starting from 2020, has transposed the Directives at national level (‘Milleproroghe’ decree then made effective by ‘Promotion of Renewable sources’ decree 199/2021). At regional level Emilia Romagna in May 2022 developed a law encouraging EC model diffusion (LR 5/2022 ‘Promotion and support of renewable energy communities and renewable energy self-consumers acting collectively’). Energy Community, according to Lindholm et al. 2021, can be considered as ‘a first implementation step towards PEDs.’
    B1P001: PED/PED relevant concept definition
    B1P001: PED/PED relevant concept definitionExPEDite aims at creating and deploying a novel digital twin, allowing for real-time monitoring, visualization and management of district-level energy flows. Cities consume 65% of the world’s energy supply and are responsible for 70% of the CO² emissions, hence sharing a lot of the responsibility for climate change. We are faced with the challenge of redesigning our existing cities to make them more sustainable, resilient, inclusive and safe. Developing Positive Energy Districts (PEDs), is a breakthrough way to deal with the issue of urban emissions and applying adaptation and mitigation strategies to climate change, while ensuring that these urban areas generate an annual surplus of renewable energy and net zero greenhouse gas emissions. PEDs must address environmental, economic and social issues, providing solutions to energy consumption, production, emissions, transport & mobility and livability. By constantly monitoring and evaluating parameters through existing and/or novel sensor systems (e.g., renewable energy production/supply, transport conditions, air quality, energy demand, meteorological conditions, etc.), unconventional techniques may be applied to provide more sustainable options for the district’s needs.Extremely low building energy demand, the electric energy of the heat pump used for space heating is significantly lower compared to thermal energy for the domestic hot water preparation.The large scale provides interesting opportunities for both urban development and strategic energy planning; the diverse mix of buildings and functions also allow for interesting discussions regarding PEDs. Another interesting facet is that the district heating grid is almost fully supplied by waste heat.PEBPilastro-Roveri district can be considered as a PED-relevant area. Even though at the moment the area doesn’t meet annual energy positive balance, it addresses some relevant key aspects listed in the JPI UE PED Framework Definition such as: - high level of aspiration in terms of energy efficiency, energy flexibility and energy production; - integration of different systems and infrastructures; - inclusion of aspects not only related to energy sector, but also connected with social, economic and environmental sustainability.The Rymdgatan's Residential Portfolio in Sweden presents a compelling case study for its classification as a PED-related research, given its alignment with sustainable behaviours and overarching PED development principles as follows: Inclusivity and Social Equity: The residential portfolio situated in Rymdgatan caters primarily to a low-income community. By focusing on this demographic, the project addresses critical aspects of social equity within sustainable urban development. Ensuring access to energy-efficient housing and amenities for economically disadvantaged populations not only fosters social cohesion but also mitigates energy poverty, a pressing concern in many urban contexts. Multifamily Residential Building: The inclusion of multifamily residential buildings within the portfolio underscores a commitment to density and efficient land use, both essential components of sustainable urban design. Such developments promote resource optimisation by consolidating housing units, thereby reducing per capita energy consumption and infrastructure demands. Moreover, multifamily dwellings often facilitate community engagement and shared resource management, fostering a culture of sustainability among residents. Low Carbon Retrofitting and Transition: The overarching initiative to transition the entire Jakobsgårdarna district. The included Rymdgatan portfolio, towards low carbon retrofitting, represents a significant example of decarbonization and climate resilience. By integrating energy-efficient technologies and renewable energy solutions into existing infrastructure, the project not only reduces carbon emissions but also serves as a blueprint for revitalising old urban environments sustainably. This holistic approach to retrofitting demonstrates a systemic commitment to environmental stewardship and long-term sustainability. Climate Adaptation and Renewable Energy Integration: Despite Sweden's climatic challenges, including lower solar resources during winter months, the Rymdgatan project leverages its geographical context to optimize renewable energy utilization. Sweden's greater solar resource availability during summer and geothermal potentials complement the design's emphasis on seasonal energy planning, where surplus energy generated during peak periods can be stored or redistributed efficiently. By embracing climate-responsive design strategies, the project demonstrates resilience in the face of climate variability while harnessing renewable energy potential effectively.
    B1P002: Motivation behind PED/PED relevant project development
    B1P002: Motivation behind PED/PED relevant project developmentExpected outcome 1 Increased number of (tangible) city planning actions for positive clean energy districts using the (proto-)PED design, development and management digital twin tools (based on pre-market research learnings) using open-standards based components which can be reused elsewhere. 2 Increased integration of existing smaller scale management systems (e.g. Building management systems) with open-standards based operational city platforms using sectorial data (e.g. building data, mobility, urban planning, etc.). 3 Enhanced data gathering approaches with identification of relevant multidimensional data sets (e.g. meteorological, load profile, social, geo-spatial, etc.) high-resolution real-time data streams (e.g. renewable energy production, energy consumption), and relevant forecasting data, drawing also on the work of common European data spaces. 4 Increased number of city planning departments / approaches using common data and (replicable) elements and processes. 5 Consolidated city sensor network specifications, complemented by appropriate data gathering approaches for soft data. 6 Improved performance of AI based self-learning systems for optimization of positive clean energy districts and bottom-up complex models. 7 Enhanced innovation capacity of local/regional administrations and accelerated uptake of shared, smart and sustainable zero emission solutions.Since it is an urban area, with high building and apartment density, the need for CO2 reduction is quite relevant and thus, in new built, the minimization of CO2 emissions is crucial.The area has an interesting history of development and has recently undergone several urban improvements. This is coupled with a strong local network of business owners and other stakeholders, all with an interest in developing the area in the best way possible. This made for an interesting case from a planning perspective to investigate how this network would pick up on the concept of PED and whether they could see any potential utility in relation to their everyday experiences.Pilastro-Roveri district is not actually meant to become a PEDs. However, it can be considered as a PED-relevant case-study since a participatory transition pathway towards a more sustainable, efficient and resilient district is gaining ground, involving the main urban stakeholders. At the same time, the most recent city plan and policies (such as the city SECAPs - updated in 2021) are promoting PED model as a key strategy to guide Bologna towards climate neutrality by 2030.Borlänge city has committed to become the carbon-neutral city by 2030.
    B1P003: Environment of the case study area
    B2P003: Environment of the case study areaUrban areaUrban areaUrban areaSuburban areaUrban areaRuralUrban areaUrban area
    B1P004: Type of district
    B2P004: Type of district
    • Renovation
    • New construction
    • Renovation
    • New construction
    • Renovation
    • Renovation
    B1P005: Case Study Context
    B1P005: Case Study Context
    • Retrofitting Area
    • Re-use / Transformation Area,
    • New Development
    • Retrofitting Area
    • New Development
    • Retrofitting Area
    • Re-use / Transformation Area,
    • Retrofitting Area
    B1P006: Year of construction
    B1P006: Year of construction20221990
    B1P007: District population before intervention - Residential
    B1P007: District population before intervention - Residential450016.931100
    B1P008: District population after intervention - Residential
    B1P008: District population after intervention - Residential780100
    B1P009: District population before intervention - Non-residential
    B1P009: District population before intervention - Non-residential6
    B1P010: District population after intervention - Non-residential
    B1P010: District population after intervention - Non-residential6
    B1P011: Population density before intervention
    B1P011: Population density before intervention00000000
    B1P012: Population density after intervention
    B1P012: Population density after intervention000.06871641265086800000.010658622423328
    B1P013: Building and Land Use before intervention
    B1P013: Residentialyesnononononoyesyes
    B1P013 - Residential: Specify the sqm [m²]4360
    B1P013: Officenonononononoyesno
    B1P013 - Office: Specify the sqm [m²]
    B1P013: Industry and Utilitynonononononoyesno
    B1P013 - Industry and Utility: Specify the sqm [m²]
    B1P013: Commercialyesnononononoyesno
    B1P013 - Commercial: Specify the sqm [m²]
    B1P013: Institutionalnonononononoyesno
    B1P013 - Institutional: Specify the sqm [m²]
    B1P013: Natural areasyesnononononoyesno
    B1P013 - Natural areas: Specify the sqm [m²]
    B1P013: Recreationalyesnononononoyesno
    B1P013 - Recreational: Specify the sqm [m²]
    B1P013: Dismissed areasnonononononoyesno
    B1P013 - Dismissed areas: Specify the sqm [m²]
    B1P013: Othernononononononoyes
    B1P013 - Other: Specify the sqm [m²]706
    B1P014: Building and Land Use after intervention
    B1P014: Residentialyesnoyesnononoyesyes
    B1P014 - Residential: Specify the sqm [m²]4360
    B1P014: Officenonononononoyesno
    B1P014 - Office: Specify the sqm [m²]
    B1P014: Industry and Utilitynonononononoyesno
    B1P014 - Industry and Utility: Specify the sqm [m²]
    B1P014: Commercialyesnoyesnononoyesno
    B1P014 - Commercial: Specify the sqm [m²]
    B1P014: Institutionalnonoyesnononoyesno
    B1P014 - Institutional: Specify the sqm [m²]
    B1P014: Natural areasyesnononononoyesno
    B1P014 - Natural areas: Specify the sqm [m²]
    B1P014: Recreationalyesnoyesnononoyesno
    B1P014 - Recreational: Specify the sqm [m²]
    B1P014: Dismissed areasnonononononoyesno
    B1P014 - Dismissed areas: Specify the sqm [m²]
    B1P014: Othernononononononoyes
    B1P014 - Other: Specify the sqm [m²]706
    B2P001: PED Lab concept definition
    B2P001: PED Lab concept definitionAn ongoing process and dialogue with local stakeholders to determine the future development of the area.
    B2P002: Installation life time
    B2P002: Installation life timeNo new installation will be made throughout the project. Rather the project will attempt to establish a local PED network with the aim of empowering the stakeholders to better engage with sustainable technologies.CEDER will follow an integrative approach including technology for a permanent installation.
    B2P003: Scale of action
    B2P003: ScaleDistrictDistrictDistrict
    B2P004: Operator of the installation
    B2P004: Operator of the installationKristian OlesenCIEMAT. Data detail in contact: mariano.martin@ciemat.es and oscar.izquiedo@ciemat.es
    B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materials
    B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materialsReplication is primarily focused on the establishment of a local network with an interest in and understanding of PED.
    B2P006: Circular Economy Approach
    B2P006: Do you apply any strategy to reuse and recycling the materials?NoNoNo
    B2P006: Other
    B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab
    B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab
    • Strategic
    • Civic
    • Strategic
    B2P007: Other
    B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED Lab
    B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED LabMunicipalityResearch center/UniversityResearch center/University
    B2P008: Other
    B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab
    B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab
    • Academia,
    • Private,
    • Industrial,
    • Citizens, public, NGO
    • Academia,
    • Private
    • Academia,
    • Industrial
    B2P009: Other
    B2P010: Synergies between the fields of activities
    B2P010: Synergies between the fields of activitiesThe operation of the laboratory with all the components of the energy networks requires a collaborative work between various departments and entities. On the one hand, it is necessary to optimize the operation of renewable systems based on the weather conditions, forecast of the demand side and the flexibility of the generation systems. On the other hand, the optimization of the energy demands through a more sustainable behaviour of both the building and the users want to be acquired. For this, it is necessary to take into account technical aspects but also market, comfort and encourage the user participation, creating a decision-making matrix that allows optimizing the operation of the global system.
    B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab
    B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab
    • Buildings,
    • Prosumers,
    • Renewable generation,
    • Energy networks,
    • Lighting,
    • E-mobility,
    • Green areas,
    • User interaction/participation,
    • Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
    • Buildings,
    • Demand-side management,
    • Prosumers,
    • Renewable generation,
    • Energy storage,
    • Energy networks,
    • Efficiency measures,
    • Information and Communication Technologies (ICT),
    • Ambient measures,
    • Social interactions
    B2P011: Other
    B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab
    B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab
    • Monitoring and evaluation infrastructure,
    • Pivoting and risk-mitigating measures
    • Monitoring and evaluation infrastructure,
    • Tools for prototyping and modelling
    B2P013: Availability of the facilities for external people
    B2P013: Availability of the facilities for external people
    B2P014: Monitoring measures
    B2P014: Monitoring measures
    • Available data,
    • Life Cycle Analysis
    • Equipment
    B2P015: Key Performance indicators
    B2P015: Key Performance indicators
    • Energy,
    • Sustainability,
    • Social,
    • Economical / Financial
    • Energy,
    • Environmental,
    • Economical / Financial
    B2P016: Execution of operations
    B2P016: Execution of operations
    B2P017: Capacities
    B2P017: Capacities- Innovative grid configuration to connect bio boilers and solar thermal on buildings. - Environmental & air quality evaluation. - Testing and evaluation of high efficient heating & cooling systems: Gas, biomass, geothermal and absorption H&C pumps … - Definition and implementation of the different regulation modes for the global system. Using the data from the research focused-partners, several regulation modes for the DH network could be defined and implemented in order to obtain an optimal operation of the network. - Innovation in MPC control to enable harvesting 100% renewables in the most efficient way. - Physical integration of the technologies with the existing facilities at the living lab. - Connection between the solar thermal collectors to achieve the lowest heat losses, providing the possibility to use the grid as high or low temperature DH, according to the demand schedule of the buildings. - Test the bio-boiler of the last generation and ultra-low emissions biomass condensing boiler in order to increase efficiency and reduce GHG and air pollutant emissions of the DH plant. - Control of the supply temperature of the DH grid to enable 100% renewables harvesting in the most efficient way. - Research of the incidence of a normal building or a bioclimatic building in the DH grid demand. - Methodologies for concept validation: Definition of the minimum requirements to verify the suitability of the solutions proposed. - Tests campaign: Experimental operation and characterization in a relevant environment, to exploit the technologies at their best and test different demand profiles, different configuration and loads, with real time monitoring and continuous commissioning to control the performance of the technology. - Validation and upgrading recommendation for the DH&C at district level. - Evaluation of innovation actions for potential energy interventions with demand response in buildings. - The complete available infrastructure (MV and LV electric systems, transformation hubs, end consumption, generation sources, communication elements, etc.) belongs to CEDER-CIEMAT, making this the perfect scenario to test and try the performance of “Smart Grid” and “Microgrid” projects. - The type of electric grid, its voltage levels (MV or LV), its variety of real loads (different buildings with different profiles: industrial buildings, offices and so on) and its sources of renewable generation and storage, mean it is ideal for intermediate tests between a small-scale laboratory and final deployment of the real product.
    B2P018: Relations with stakeholders
    B2P018: Relations with stakeholdersCEDER - CIEMAT is a public research body assigned to the Ministry of Science and Innovation under the General Secretariat for Research, focusing on energy and environment. To develop this lab CIEMAT has relations with private renewable companies, research centers and academia institutions.
    B2P019: Available tools
    B2P019: Available tools
    • Social models
    • Energy modelling
    B2P019: Available tools
    B2P020: External accessibility
    B2P020: External accessibilityCIEMAT is a public body, so it´s open to any institution according the actual regulation and agreements.
    C1P001: Unlocking Factors
    C1P001: Recent technological improvements for on-site RES production3 - Moderately important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important4 - Important4 - Important
    C1P001: Innovative, integrated, prefabricated packages for buildings envelope / Energy efficiency of building stock4 - Important5 - Very important2 - Slightly important4 - Important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important4 - Important5 - Very important
    C1P001: Energy Communities, P2P, Prosumers concepts3 - Moderately important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important5 - Very important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important
    C1P001: Storage systems and E-mobility market penetration2 - Slightly important4 - Important2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important
    C1P001: Decreasing costs of innovative materials3 - Moderately important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important4 - Important
    C1P001: Financial mechanisms to reduce costs and maximize benefits4 - Important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant4 - Important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important5 - Very important
    C1P001: The ability to predict Multiple Benefits3 - Moderately important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important4 - Important4 - Important
    C1P001: The ability to predict the distribution of benefits and impacts4 - Important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important4 - Important2 - Slightly important4 - Important1 - Unimportant4 - Important
    C1P001: Citizens improved awareness and engagement on sustainable energy issues (bottom-up)4 - Important5 - Very important2 - Slightly important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important4 - Important5 - Very important5 - Very important
    C1P001: Social acceptance (top-down)4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important
    C1P001: Improved local and national policy frameworks (i.e. incentives, laws etc.)3 - Moderately important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important4 - Important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important4 - Important4 - Important
    C1P001: Presence of integrated urban strategies and plans5 - Very important4 - Important4 - Important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important5 - Very important
    C1P001: Multidisciplinary approaches available for systemic integration4 - Important5 - Very important4 - Important5 - Very important2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important4 - Important5 - Very important
    C1P001: Availability of grants (from EC or other donors) to finance the PED Lab projects5 - Very important5 - Very important4 - Important2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important5 - Very important4 - Important4 - Important
    C1P001: Availability of RES on site (Local RES)4 - Important4 - Important3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important5 - Very important5 - Very important4 - Important5 - Very important
    C1P001: Ongoing or established collaboration on Public Private Partnership among key stakeholders4 - Important4 - Important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important
    C1P001: Any other UNLOCKING FACTORS1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
    C1P001: Any other UNLOCKING FACTORS (if any)
    C1P002: Driving Factors
    C1P002: Climate Change adaptation need5 - Very important5 - Very important5 - Very important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant4 - Important4 - Important5 - Very important
    C1P002: Climate Change mitigation need (local RES production and efficiency)5 - Very important4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important5 - Very important5 - Very important
    C1P002: Rapid urbanization trend and need of urban expansions1 - Unimportant4 - Important5 - Very important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
    C1P002: Urban re-development of existing built environment3 - Moderately important4 - Important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important5 - Very important4 - Important
    C1P002: Economic growth need2 - Slightly important4 - Important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important4 - Important
    C1P002: Improved local environmental quality (air, noise, aesthetics, etc.)4 - Important4 - Important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant4 - Important4 - Important1 - Unimportant
    C1P002: Territorial and market attractiveness3 - Moderately important4 - Important4 - Important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant
    C1P002: Energy autonomy/independence4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important4 - Important2 - Slightly important
    C1P002: Any other DRIVING FACTOR1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
    C1P002: Any other DRIVING FACTOR (if any)
    C1P003: Administrative barriers
    C1P003: Difficulty in the coordination of high number of partners and authorities4 - Important4 - Important2 - Slightly important4 - Important1 - Unimportant4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important
    C1P003: Lack of good cooperation and acceptance among partners2 - Slightly important4 - Important2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important4 - Important
    C1P003: Lack of public participation1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important
    C1P003: Lack of institutions/mechanisms to disseminate information3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important4 - Important
    C1P003:Long and complex procedures for authorization of project activities5 - Very important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important5 - Very important5 - Very important
    C1P003: Time consuming requirements by EC or other donors concerning reporting and accountancy4 - Important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important1 - Unimportant4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important
    C1P003: Complicated and non-comprehensive public procurement4 - Important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant4 - Important4 - Important5 - Very important
    C1P003: Fragmented and or complex ownership structure5 - Very important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important5 - Very important4 - Important
    C1P003: City administration & cross-sectoral attitude/approaches (silos)5 - Very important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important5 - Very important5 - Very important
    C1P003: Lack of internal capacities to support energy transition4 - Important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important4 - Important5 - Very important
    C1P003: Any other Administrative BARRIER1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
    C1P003: Any other Administrative BARRIER (if any)
    C1P004: Policy barriers
    C1P004: Lack of long-term and consistent energy plans and policies1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
    C1P004: Lacking or fragmented local political commitment and support on the long term2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important5 - Very important
    C1P004: Lack of Cooperation & support between national-regional-local entities3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important4 - Important
    C1P004: Any other Political BARRIER1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
    C1P004: Any other Political BARRIER (if any)
    C1P005: Legal and Regulatory barriers
    C1P005: Inadequate regulations for new technologies4 - Important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important4 - Important4 - Important
    C1P005: Regulatory instability3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important
    C1P005: Non-effective regulations4 - Important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant4 - Important4 - Important2 - Slightly important
    C1P005: Unfavorable local regulations for innovative technologies2 - Slightly important4 - Important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important4 - Important
    C1P005: Building code and land-use planning hindering innovative technologies2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important
    C1P005: Insufficient or insecure financial incentives3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important4 - Important3 - Moderately important
    C1P005: Unresolved privacy concerns and limiting nature of privacy protection regulation4 - Important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant4 - Important4 - Important2 - Slightly important
    C1P005: Shortage of proven and tested solutions and examples2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important4 - Important
    C1P005: Any other Legal and Regulatory BARRIER1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
    C1P005: Any other Legal and Regulatory BARRIER (if any)
    C1P006: Environmental barriers
    C1P006: Environmental barriersUrban area very high buildings (and apartment) density and thus, less available space for renewable sources.3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important
    C1P007: Technical barriers
    C1P007: Lack of skilled and trained personnel3 - Moderately important4 - Important2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important4 - Important
    C1P007: Deficient planning1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant4 - Important
    C1P007: Retrofitting work in dwellings in occupied state5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important5 - Very important4 - Important
    C1P007: Lack of well-defined process3 - Moderately important4 - Important1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important5 - Very important2 - Slightly important
    C1P007: Inaccuracy in energy modelling and simulation2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important4 - Important2 - Slightly important
    C1P007: Lack/cost of computational scalability3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important4 - Important3 - Moderately important
    C1P007: Grid congestion, grid instability2 - Slightly important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important4 - Important5 - Very important
    C1P007: Negative effects of project intervention on the natural environment1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important
    C1P007: Energy retrofitting work in dense and/or historical urban environment1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important1 - Unimportant
    C1P007: Difficult definition of system boundaries5 - Very important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant
    C1P007: Any other Thecnical BARRIER1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
    C1P007: Any other Thecnical BARRIER (if any)
    C1P008: Social and Cultural barriers
    C1P008: Inertia4 - Important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important
    C1P008: Lack of values and interest in energy optimization measurements3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important
    C1P008: Low acceptance of new projects and technologies2 - Slightly important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important
    C1P008: Difficulty of finding and engaging relevant actors3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important4 - Important4 - Important
    C1P008: Lack of trust beyond social network2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important5 - Very important5 - Very important
    C1P008: Rebound effect3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important4 - Important4 - Important
    C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards environmentalism3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important
    C1P008: Exclusion of socially disadvantaged groups2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important
    C1P008: Non-energy issues are more important and urgent for actors3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important4 - Important3 - Moderately important
    C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards energy collaboration3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
    C1P008: Any other Social BARRIER1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
    C1P008: Any other Social BARRIER (if any)
    C1P009: Information and Awareness barriers
    C1P009: Insufficient information on the part of potential users and consumers3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important4 - Important3 - Moderately important
    C1P009: Perception of interventions as complicated and expensive, with negative socio-economic or environmental impacts3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important4 - Important3 - Moderately important
    C1P009: Lack of awareness among authorities2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant4 - Important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important
    C1P009: Information asymmetry causing power asymmetry of established actors3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important
    C1P009: High costs of design, material, construction, and installation5 - Very important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant4 - Important4 - Important5 - Very important
    C1P009: Any other Information and Awareness BARRIER1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
    C1P009: Any other Information and Awareness BARRIER (if any)
    C1P010: Financial barriers
    C1P010: Hidden costs5 - Very important4 - Important1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important4 - Important5 - Very important
    C1P010: Insufficient external financial support and funding for project activities5 - Very important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important4 - Important5 - Very important
    C1P010: Economic crisis3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important4 - Important5 - Very important
    C1P010: Risk and uncertainty4 - Important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important5 - Very important5 - Very important
    C1P010: Lack of consolidated and tested business models3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important5 - Very important5 - Very important
    C1P010: Limited access to capital and cost disincentives4 - Important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important3 - Moderately important5 - Very important
    C1P010: Any other Financial BARRIER1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
    C1P010: Any other Financial BARRIER (if any)
    C1P011: Market barriers
    C1P011: Split incentives4 - Important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important5 - Very important4 - Important
    C1P011: Energy price distortion3 - Moderately important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important5 - Very important4 - Important
    C1P011: Energy market concentration, gatekeeper actors (DSOs)4 - Important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important4 - Important3 - Moderately important
    C1P011: Any other Market BARRIER1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
    C1P011: Any other Market BARRIER (if any)
    C1P012: Stakeholders involved
    C1P012: Government/Public Authorities
    • Planning/leading,
    • Design/demand aggregation,
    • Construction/implementation,
    • Monitoring/operation/management
    • Planning/leading
    • Planning/leading
    • Planning/leading,
    • Design/demand aggregation,
    • Construction/implementation,
    • Monitoring/operation/management
    • Planning/leading,
    • Design/demand aggregation,
    • Construction/implementation
    • Monitoring/operation/management
    C1P012: Research & Innovation
    • Planning/leading,
    • Design/demand aggregation,
    • Construction/implementation,
    • Monitoring/operation/management
    • Planning/leading,
    • Design/demand aggregation,
    • Construction/implementation,
    • Monitoring/operation/management
    • Planning/leading,
    • Design/demand aggregation,
    • Monitoring/operation/management
    • Design/demand aggregation
    • Planning/leading,
    • Design/demand aggregation
    • Planning/leading
    C1P012: Financial/Funding
    • Design/demand aggregation,
    • Construction/implementation
    • Planning/leading,
    • Design/demand aggregation,
    • Monitoring/operation/management
    • Planning/leading,
    • Construction/implementation
    • None
    • Design/demand aggregation,
    • Construction/implementation
    • None
    C1P012: Analyst, ICT and Big Data
    • Planning/leading,
    • Monitoring/operation/management
    • Planning/leading,
    • Monitoring/operation/management
    • Monitoring/operation/management
    • Monitoring/operation/management
    • Planning/leading,
    • Design/demand aggregation,
    • Monitoring/operation/management
    • None
    C1P012: Business process management
    • Planning/leading
    • Monitoring/operation/management
    • Construction/implementation,
    • Monitoring/operation/management
    • None
    • None
    C1P012: Urban Services providers
    • Construction/implementation
    • Planning/leading,
    • Monitoring/operation/management
    • Construction/implementation
    • Planning/leading
    • Planning/leading,
    • Design/demand aggregation
    • None
    C1P012: Real Estate developers
    • None
    • Construction/implementation
    • Planning/leading
    • None
    • None
    • Design/demand aggregation
    C1P012: Design/Construction companies
    • Planning/leading,
    • Design/demand aggregation,
    • Construction/implementation
    • Construction/implementation
    • Design/demand aggregation,
    • Construction/implementation
    • Construction/implementation
    • Construction/implementation
    • None
    C1P012: End‐users/Occupants/Energy Citizens
    • Planning/leading,
    • Design/demand aggregation,
    • Construction/implementation,
    • Monitoring/operation/management
    • Design/demand aggregation
    • Planning/leading,
    • Design/demand aggregation
    • Monitoring/operation/management
    • Planning/leading,
    • Design/demand aggregation,
    • Construction/implementation,
    • Monitoring/operation/management
    • Monitoring/operation/management
    C1P012: Social/Civil Society/NGOs
    • Planning/leading,
    • Design/demand aggregation,
    • Construction/implementation,
    • Monitoring/operation/management
    • Design/demand aggregation
    • Planning/leading
    • None
    • Planning/leading,
    • Design/demand aggregation
    • Monitoring/operation/management
    C1P012: Industry/SME/eCommerce
    • Planning/leading,
    • Design/demand aggregation,
    • Construction/implementation,
    • Monitoring/operation/management
    • Construction/implementation
    • Design/demand aggregation,
    • Construction/implementation,
    • Monitoring/operation/management
    • Construction/implementation,
    • Monitoring/operation/management
    • Planning/leading,
    • Design/demand aggregation,
    • Construction/implementation,
    • Monitoring/operation/management
    • None
    C1P012: Other
    C1P012: Other (if any)
    Summary

    Authors (framework concept)

    Beril Alpagut (Demir Energy); Giulia Turci (University of Bologna); Michal Kuzmic (Czech Technical University in Prague); Paolo Civiero (Università Roma Tre); Serena Pagliulia (University of Bologna); Oscar Seco (CIEMAT); Silvia Soutullo (CIEMAT); Daniele Vettorato (EURAC Research, IEA Annex 83); Bailador Ferreras M. Almudena (CIEMAT); Vicky Albert-Seifried (FHG ISE)

    Contributors (to the content)

    Laura Aelenei (LNEG), Nienke Maas (TNO), Savis Gohari (OsloMet), Andras Reith (ABUD), Ghazal Etminan (AIT), Maria-Beatrice Andreucci (Universita Sapienza), Francesco Reda (VTT, IEA Annex 83), Mari Hukkalainen (VTT), Judith-Borsboom (Locality), Gilda Massa (ENEA), Jelena Ziemele (University of Latvia), Nikola Pokorny (CVUT), Sergio Diaz de Garayo Balsategui (CENER, IEA Annex 83), Matthias Haaze (ZHAW, IEA Annex 83), Christoph Gollner (FFG, JPI UE), Silvia Bossi (ENEA, JPI UE), Christian Winzer (Zurich University of Applied Science), George Martinopoulos (Centre for Research and Technology Hellas), Maria Nuria Sánchez (CIEMAT), Angelina Tomova (Energy Agency of Plovdiv)

    Implemented by

    Boutik.pt: Filipe Martins, Jamal Khan
    Marek Suchánek (Czech Technical University in Prague)

    Join the Action

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    COST

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    PED-EU-NET

    The COST Action Positive Energy Districts European Network (PED-EU-NET) aims to mobilise researchers and other relevant stakeholders across different domains and sectors to drive the deployment of Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) in Europe through open sharing of knowledge, exchange of ideas, pooling of resources, experimentation of new methods and co-creation of novel solutions.

    Action Details

    Grant Holder
    Department of Planning, Design, Technology of Architecture, Sapienza University of Rome

    Start of Action: 10 September 2020
    End of Action: 09 September 2024
    CSO approval date: 24/03/2020

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