Filters:
NameProjectTypeCompare
Örebro-Vivalla JUST PEPP PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Tiurberget, Kongsvinger JUST PEPP PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Texel JUST PEPP PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Hällefors, Sweden JUST PEPP PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Cerdanyola del Valles, School of Engineering, Campus Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona OPEN4CEC PED Lab Compare
Bucharest, The Bucharest University of Economic Studies (ASE) PED Lab OPEN4CEC PED Lab Compare
Pamplona OPEN4CEC PED Lab Compare
Trondheim, Svartlamon OPEN4CEC PED Lab Compare
Savona, The University of Genova, Savona Campus OPEN4CEC PED Lab Compare
Torres Vedras, Encosta de São Vicente COPPER PED Lab Compare
Malmö, Stadium area (Stadionområdet) PED StepWise PED Case Study Compare
Utrecht, Utrecht Science Park PED StepWise PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Vienna, Kriegerheimstätten PED StepWise PED Relevant Case Study Uncompare
Vienna, 16. District, Leben am Wilhelminenberg HeatCOOP PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Vienna, Laxenburgerstraße AH HeatCOOP PED Lab Compare
Tartu, Annelinn V2G-QUESTS PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Utrecht, Kanaleneiland V2G-QUESTS PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Aveiro, Aradas district V2G-QUESTS PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Győr Geothermal District Heating Project PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Jacobs Borchs Gate, Drammen PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Dietenbach, Freiburg im Breisgau PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Lecce, SmartEnCity SmartEnCity – Towards Smart Zero CO2 Cities across Europe PED Relevant Case Study Compare
STARDUST, Trento STARDUST – Holistic and Integrated Urban Model for Smart Cities PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Klimatkontrakt Hyllie, Malmö PED Relevant Case Study Compare
EnStadt:Pfaff, Kaiserslautern PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
mySMARTlife, Helsinki PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Firenze, Novoli-Cascine district on “le PIagge” buildings PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Sinfonia, Bolzano PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Hunziker Areal, Zürich PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Hammarby Sjöstad 2.0, PED Relevant Case Study Uncompare
Sharing Cities, Milano PED Relevant Case Study Uncompare
District Heating Pozo Barredo, Mieres PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Cityfied (demo Linero), Lund PED Relevant Case Study
Smart Otaniemi, Espoo PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Zukunftsquartier, Vienna PED Case Study Compare
Santa Chiara Open Lab, Trento PED Case Study Compare
Barrio La Pinada, Paterna PED Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Zero Village Bergen (ZVB) ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Case Study Compare
Võru +CityxChange PED Case Study Uncompare
NTNU Campus within the Knowledge Axis, Trondheim ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Case Study Compare
Furuset project, Oslo ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Case Study Compare
Laser Valley – Land of Lights PED Case Study Compare
Ydalir project ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Case Study Compare
NyBy – Ny Flyplass (New City – New Airport) ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Case Study Compare
Fornebu, Bærum ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Case Study Uncompare
Fleuraye west, Carquefou PED Case Study Compare
Smart Energy Åland PED Case Study Compare
Romania, Alba Iulia PED ASCEND – Accelerate poSitive Clean ENergy Districts PED Case Study Compare
Romania, Alba Iulia PED InterPED – INTERoperable cloud-based solution for cross-vector planning and management of Positive Energy Districts PED Case Study Uncompare
Munich, Harthof district PED Case Study Compare
Lublin MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Case Study Compare
Roubaix, MustBe0 – Résidence Philippe le Hardi – 125 Rue d’Oran CULTURAL-E – Climate and cultural-based solutions for Plus Energy Buildings PED Relevant Case Study Uncompare
Bærum, Eiksveien 116 CULTURAL-E – Climate and cultural-based solutions for Plus Energy Buildings PED Relevant Case Study Uncompare
Findhorn, the Park InterPED – INTERoperable cloud-based solution for cross-vector planning and management of Positive Energy Districts PED Case Study Compare
Amsterdam, Buiksloterham PED ATELIER – AmsTErdam BiLbao cItizen drivEn smaRt cities PED Case Study Compare
Schönbühel-Aggsbach, Schönbühel an der Donau PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Umeå, Ålidhem district PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation PED Case Study Compare
Aalborg East PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Ankara, Çamlık District PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Trenčín MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Case Study Compare
Luxembourg, Betzdorf LEGOFIT – Adaptable technological solutions based on early design actions for the construction and renovation of Energy Positive Homes PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Vantaa, Aviapolis NEUTRALPATH – Pathway towards Climate-Neutrality through low risky and fully replicable Positive Clean Energy Districts PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Vidin, Himik and Bononia MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Case Study Compare
Oslo, Verksbyen Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods PED Case Study Compare
Uden, Loopkantstraat Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Zaragoza, Actur NEUTRALPATH – Pathway towards Climate-Neutrality through low risky and fully replicable Positive Clean Energy Districts PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Aarhus, Brabrand BIPED – Building Intelligent Positive Energy Districts PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Riga, Ķīpsala, RTU smart student city ExPEDite – Enabling Positive Energy Districts through Digital Twins PED Case Study Compare
Izmir, District of Karşıyaka PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation PED Case Study Compare
Istanbul, Ozyegin University Campus LEGOFIT – Adaptable technological solutions based on early design actions for the construction and renovation of Energy Positive Homes PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Espoo, Kera SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Borlänge, Rymdgatan’s Residential Portfolio PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Freiburg, Waldsee PED urban – Development of methods and tools for accounting, planning and operation of climate-neutral district PED Case Study Uncompare
Innsbruck, Campagne-Areal PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Graz, Reininghausgründe PED Case Study Compare
Stor-Elvdal, Campus Evenstad ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Oulu, Kaukovainio MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Case Study Compare
Halmstad, Fyllinge PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Lund, Brunnshög district PED Case Study Compare
Vienna, Am Kempelenpark PED Case Study Compare
Évora, Portugal POCITYF – A POsitive Energy CITY Transformation Framework PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Kladno, Sletiště (Sport Area), PED Winter Stadium SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Groningen, PED South MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Lab Compare
Groningen, PED North MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Lab Uncompare
Maia, Sobreiro Social Housing SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Lab Compare
Lubia (Soria), CEDER-CIEMAT PED Lab Compare
Tampere, Ilokkaanpuisto district STARDUST – Holistic and Integrated Urban Model for Smart Cities PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Leon, Former Sugar Factory district MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Case Study Compare
Istanbul, Kadikoy district, Caferaga MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future PED Case Study Compare
Espoo, Leppävaara district, Sello center SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Case Study Compare
Espoo, Espoonlahti district, Lippulaiva block SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Case Study Compare
Salzburg, Gneis district Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods PED Case Study Compare
Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods PED Case Study Compare
Tartu, City centre area SmartEnCity – Towards Smart Zero CO2 Cities across Europe PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab Compare
Bologna, Pilastro-Roveri district GRETA – GReen Energy Transition Actions PED Relevant Case Study Compare
Barcelona, SEILAB & Energy SmartLab PED Lab Compare
Leipzig, Baumwollspinnerei district SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Case Study Compare
Kifissia, Energy community SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS PED Relevant Case Study Compare
TitleCityfied (demo Linero), Lund
Groningen, PED North
Sharing Cities, Milano
Hammarby Sjöstad 2.0,
Roubaix, MustBe0 - Résidence Philippe le Hardi – 125 Rue d’Oran
Freiburg, Waldsee
Vienna, Kriegerheimstätten
Fornebu, Bærum
Bærum, Eiksveien 116
Võru +CityxChange
Romania, Alba Iulia PED
A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED Lab
A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED LabCityfied (demo Linero), LundGroningen, PED NorthSharing Cities, MilanoHammarby Sjöstad 2.0,Roubaix, MustBe0 - Résidence Philippe le Hardi – 125 Rue d’OranFreiburg, WaldseeVienna, KriegerheimstättenFornebu, BærumBærum, Eiksveien 116Võru +CityxChangeRomania, Alba Iulia PED
A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet
A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet
A1P003: Categorisation of the PED site
PED case studynononononoyesnoyesnoyesyes
PED relevant case studyyesnoyesyesyesnoyesnoyesnono
PED Lab.noyesnonononononononono
A1P004: Targets of the PED case study / PED Lab
Climate neutralityyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyesyes
Annual energy surplusnoyesnonoyesnononononoyes
Energy communitynoyesnononoyesnonononoyes
Circularitynoyesnonononononononono
Air quality and urban comfortnonononoyesnoyesnononoyes
Electrificationnononononoyesyesnoyesnoyes
Net-zero energy costnonononononononoyesnono
Net-zero emissionyesyesnononoyesnoyesyesyesno
Self-sufficiency (energy autonomous)nonononononononononoyes
Maximise self-sufficiencynonononononononononoyes
Otheryesnoyesyesnononoyesnoyesno
Other (A1P004)Social aspects/affordabilityEnergy efficient; Sustainable neighbourhood; Social aspects/affordabilityCarbon-free; Social aspects/affordabilitySustainable neighbourhood; Energy efficientSustainable Development; Energy neutral; Energy efficient; Carbon-free; Sustainable neighbourhood; Social aspects/affordability
A1P005: Phase of the PED case study / PED Lab
A1P005: Project Phase of your case study/PED LabCompletedImplementation PhaseCompletedIn operationCompletedPlanning PhasePlanning PhaseCompletedCompletedCompletedImplementation Phase
A1P006: Start Date
A1P006: Start date01/1412/1801/1601/1401/2211/2101/2301/1801/1811/1801/24
A1P007: End Date
A1P007: End date12/1912/2312/2001/2411/2412/3012/2306/2311/2312/26
A1P008: Reference Project
A1P008: Reference Project
A1P009: Data availability
A1P009: Data availability
  • Monitoring data available within the districts,
  • Open data city platform – different dashboards,
  • GIS open datasets
  • Monitoring data available within the districts,
  • General statistical datasets,
  • GIS open datasets
  • Meteorological open data
  • Monitoring data available within the districts,
  • General statistical datasets,
  • GIS open datasets
A1P009: Other
A1P010: Sources
Any publication, link to website, deliverable referring to the PED/PED Lab
  • TNO, Hanze, RUG,
  • Ped noord book
    • Data from the local energy provider available (restricted usage for some data points because of data security reasons,
    • renewable energy potential,
    • own calculations based on publicly available data,
    • Some data can be found in https://geoportal.freiburg.de/freigis/
      • Historical sources,
      • GIS of the municipality,
      • Basic BEMs
      A1P011: Geographic coordinates
      X Coordinate (longitude):13.2433756.5351219.20252718.1074303.16517.88585713584291716.47541610.61140710.533326.99594823.580112098023235
      Y Coordinate (latitude):55.69922353.23484645.45220359.30640550.693747.98653520708004548.23401159.89898559.910057.84581346.077015278680115
      A1P012: Country
      A1P012: CountrySwedenNetherlandsItalySwedenFranceGermanyAustriaNorwayNorwayEstoniaRomania
      A1P013: City
      A1P013: CityLundGroningenMilanoHammarby SjöstadRoubaixFreiburg im BreisgauViennaBærumBærumVõruAlba Iulia
      A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification)
      A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification).CfbCfaCfaDfbCfbCfbCfbDfbDfbDfbDfb
      A1P015: District boundary
      A1P015: District boundaryFunctionalOtherVirtualGeographicOtherFunctional
      OtherPEBBuildingGeographic
      A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab
      A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab:MixedMixedPrivateMixedPrivateMixedPrivateMixedPublicMixedPublic
      A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure
      A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure:Multiple OwnersMultiple OwnersMultiple OwnersMultiple OwnersSingle OwnerMultiple OwnersSingle OwnerSingle OwnerSingle OwnerMultiple OwnersSingle Owner
      A1P018: Number of buildings in PED
      A1P018: Number of buildings in PED71294116
      A1P019: Conditioned space
      A1P019: Conditioned space [m²]1.011442284070
      A1P020: Total ground area
      A1P020: Total ground area [m²]8000017.13228.000250049200001240002200008423.45
      A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area
      A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area00001000000
      A1P022: Financial schemes
      A1P022a: Financing - PRIVATE - Real estatenoyesnonoyesnononononono
      A1P022a: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]0
      A1P022b: Financing - PRIVATE - ESCO schemenonononononononononono
      A1P022b: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
      A1P022c: Financing - PRIVATE - Othernoyesnoyesnonoyesnononono
      A1P022c: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
      A1P022d: Financing - PUBLIC - EU structural fundingnonoyesnononononononoyes
      A1P022d: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
      A1P022e: Financing - PUBLIC - National fundingnoyesnonononononononoyes
      A1P022e: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
      A1P022f: Financing - PUBLIC - Regional fundingnonononoyesnononononoyes
      A1P022f: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
      A1P022g: Financing - PUBLIC - Municipal fundingnoyesyesnoyesyesnonoyesnoyes
      A1P022g: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
      A1P022h: Financing - PUBLIC - Otheryesnonoyesnonononononono
      A1P022h: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
      A1P022i: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - EUnoyesnonoyesyesnonononono
      A1P022i: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
      A1P022j: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - Nationalnononononoyesnonononono
      A1P022j: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
      A1P022k: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - Local/regionalnonononononononononono
      A1P022k: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
      A1P022l: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - Otheryesnonoyesnonononononono
      A1P022l: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR]
      A1P022: OtherRetrofitted through various subsidies
      A1P023: Economic Targets
      A1P023: Economic Targets
      • Boosting local businesses,
      • Boosting local and sustainable production
      • Other
      • Job creation,
      • Positive externalities,
      • Other
      A1P023: OtherSocial housingBoosting sustainability for public schools
      A1P024: More comments:
      A1P024: More comments:The building comprises 32 homes. The refurbishment complies with EnergieSprong specifications. This implies a performance of E=0 over 25 years.
      A1P025: Estimated PED case study / PED LAB costs
      A1P025: Estimated PED case study / PED LAB costs [mil. EUR]3.63.5
      Contact person for general enquiries
      A1P026: NameChristoph GollnerJasper Tonen, Elisabeth KoopsChristoph GollnerChristoph GollnerJulien HolgardDr. Annette SteingrubeGerhard Hofer (e7 GmbH)Christoph GollnerJohn Einar ThommesenChristoph GollnerTudor Drâmbărean
      A1P027: OrganizationFFGMunicipality of GroningenFFGFFGVilogiaFraunhofer Institute for solar energy systemse7 GmbHFFGSINTEF CommunityFFGMunicipality of Alba Iulia
      A1P028: AffiliationOtherMunicipality / Public BodiesOtherOtherOtherResearch Center / UniversitySME / IndustryOtherMunicipality / Public BodiesOtherMunicipality / Public Bodies
      A1P028: OtherSocial Housing CompanyMaria Elena Seemann
      A1P029: Emailchristoph.gollner@ffg.atJasper.tonen@groningen.nlchristoph.gollner@ffg.atchristop.gollner@ffg.atjulien.holgard@vilogia.frAnnette.Steingrube@ise.fraunhofer.degerhard.hofer@e-sieben.atchristoph.gollner@ffg.atjohn.thommesen@sintef.nochristoph.gollner@ffg.attudor.drambarean@apulum.ro
      Contact person for other special topics
      A1P030: NameJulien HolgardJohn Einar ThommesenMaria-Elena Seemann
      A1P031: Emailjulien.holgard@vilogia.frjohn.thommesen@sintef.nomaria.seemann@apulum.roapul
      Pursuant to the General Data Protection RegulationYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
      A2P001: Fields of application
      A2P001: Fields of application
      • Energy efficiency,
      • Energy production
      • Energy efficiency,
      • Energy flexibility,
      • Energy production,
      • E-mobility,
      • Urban comfort (pollution, heat island, noise level etc.),
      • Waste management
      • Energy efficiency,
      • E-mobility,
      • Digital technologies
      • Energy production
      • Energy efficiency,
      • Energy production,
      • Urban comfort (pollution, heat island, noise level etc.),
      • Indoor air quality,
      • Construction materials
      • Energy efficiency,
      • Energy flexibility,
      • Energy production,
      • E-mobility,
      • Waste management
      • Energy efficiency,
      • Energy flexibility,
      • Energy production,
      • Urban comfort (pollution, heat island, noise level etc.),
      • Other
      • Energy efficiency,
      • Energy production,
      • E-mobility
      • Energy efficiency,
      • Energy production
      • Energy efficiency,
      • Energy flexibility,
      • Energy production,
      • E-mobility,
      • Urban comfort (pollution, heat island, noise level etc.),
      • Digital technologies,
      • Construction materials
      A2P001: OtherReducing CO2eq Emissions
      A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fields
      A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fieldsEnergy efficiency: - buildings energy retrofit supported by tax bonuses - replacing heat supply technologies Energy production: - installation of new (PV) systems for renewable on-site energy production; - presence of a large PV plant in the South East (2 solar parks: 12MW and 107MW) and North area (0,4 MW) Energy flexibility: - energy storage solutions, battery storage and possible hydrogen production - GRID balancing services E-mobility - Installation of new charging stations for electric vehicles; Urban Management - make use of the organizational structure Waste Management - circular use of municipal waste streamsEnergy system modelingThermal rehabilitation of the main building, and investments in the energy efficiency and consumption fields.
      A2P003: Application of ISO52000
      A2P003: Application of ISO52000NoNoYesYes
      A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balance
      A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balanceNoYesYesYes
      A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balance
      A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balanceNoNoYesNo
      A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculation
      A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculationMobility, till now, is not included in the energy model.All energy demands are included in energy balance, either fuel demands or electrical demand of transport sector; Projection is made of future share of electric mobilty, rest is covered with synthetic fuels to achieve climate neutralityThere will be 1 EV station placed nearby the main building. This would be the link to the mobility field.
      A2P007: Annual energy demand in buildings / Thermal demand
      A2P007: Annual energy demand in buildings / Thermal demand [GWh/annum]2.3135.7154.970.982
      A2P008: Annual energy demand in buildings / Electric Demand
      A2P008: Annual energy demand in buildings / Electric Demand [GWh/annum]0.3331.760.750.048441
      A2P009: Annual energy demand for e-mobility
      A2P009: Annual energy demand for e-mobility [GWh/annum]
      A2P010: Annual energy demand for urban infrastructure
      A2P010: Annual energy demand for urban infrastructure [GWh/annum]
      A2P011: Annual renewable electricity production on-site during target year
      A2P011: PVnonononoyesnononononoyes
      A2P011: PV - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
      A2P011: Windnonononononononononono
      A2P011: Wind - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
      A2P011: Hydrononononononononononono
      A2P011: Hydro - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
      A2P011: Biomass_elnonononononononononono
      A2P011: Biomass_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
      A2P011: Biomass_peat_elnonononononononononono
      A2P011: Biomass_peat_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
      A2P011: PVT_elnonononononononononono
      A2P011: PVT_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
      A2P011: Othernonononononononononono
      A2P011: Other - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
      A2P012: Annual renewable thermal production on-site during target year
      A2P012: Geothermalnoyesnonononononononono
      A2P012 - Geothermal: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
      A2P012: Solar Thermalnoyesnonononononononono
      A2P012 - Solar Thermal: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
      A2P012: Biomass_heatnoyesnonononononononono
      A2P012 - Biomass_heat: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]0.1
      A2P012: Waste heat+HPnoyesnonononononononono
      A2P012 - Waste heat+HP: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
      A2P012: Biomass_peat_heatnonononononononononono
      A2P012 - Biomass_peat_heat: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
      A2P012: PVT_thnoyesnonononononononono
      A2P012 - PVT_th: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
      A2P012: Biomass_firewood_thnonononononononononono
      A2P012 - Biomass_firewood_th: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
      A2P012: Othernonononononononononoyes
      A2P012 - Other: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
      A2P013: Renewable resources on-site - Additional notes
      A2P013: Renewable resources on-site - Additional notesGeothermal heatpump systems, Waste heat from data centers53 MW PV potential in all three quarters; no other internal renewable energy potentials knownOnly PVs - 940 PVs on the main building
      A2P014: Annual energy use
      A2P014: Annual energy use [GWh/annum]0.084132.50.000048441
      A2P015: Annual energy delivered
      A2P015: Annual energy delivered [GWh/annum]0.110.000113331
      A2P016: Annual non-renewable electricity production on-site during target year
      A2P016: Annual non-renewable electricity production on-site during target year [GWh/annum]0
      A2P017: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year
      A2P017: Gasnonononononononononono
      A2P017 - Gas: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum]
      A2P017: Coalnonononononononononono
      A2P017 - Coal: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum]
      A2P017: Oilnonononononononononono
      A2P017 - Oil: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum]
      A2P017: Othernonononononononononoyes
      A2P017 - Other: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum]
      A2P018: Annual renewable electricity imports from outside the boundary during target year
      A2P018: PVnonononononononononono
      A2P018 - PV: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
      A2P018: Windnonononononononononono
      A2P018 - Wind: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
      A2P018: Hydrononononononononononono
      A2P018 - Hydro: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
      A2P018: Biomass_elnonononononononononono
      A2P018 - Biomass_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
      A2P018: Biomass_peat_elnonononononononononono
      A2P018 - Biomass_peat_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
      A2P018: PVT_elnonononononononononono
      A2P018 - PVT_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
      A2P018: Othernonononononononononoyes
      A2P018 - Other: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum]
      A2P019: Annual renewable thermal imports from outside the boundary during target year
      A2P019: Geothermalnonononononononononono
      A2P019 Geothermal: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
      A2P019: Solar Thermalnonononononononononono
      A2P019 Solar Thermal: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
      A2P019: Biomass_heatnonononononononononono
      A2P019 Biomass_heat: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
      A2P019: Waste heat+HPnonononononononononono
      A2P019 Waste heat+HP: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
      A2P019: Biomass_peat_heatnonononononononononono
      A2P019 Biomass_peat_heat: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
      A2P019: PVT_thnonononononononononono
      A2P019 PVT_th: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
      A2P019: Biomass_firewood_thnonononononononononono
      A2P019 Biomass_firewood_th: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
      A2P019: Othernonononononononononoyes
      A2P019 Other: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum]
      A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary
      A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary00000000000
      A2P021: GHG-balance calculated for the PED
      A2P021: GHG-balance calculated for the PED [tCO2/annum]
      A2P022: KPIs related to the PED case study / PED Lab
      A2P022: Safety & Securityyes
      A2P022: Healthyes
      A2P022: Educationyes
      A2P022: MobilityyesMode of transport; Access to public transportyes
      A2P022: EnergyyesYesEnergy efficiency in buildings (Net energy need; Gross energy need; Total energy need)yes
      A2P022: Wateryes
      A2P022: Economic developmentyes
      A2P022: Housing and CommunityyesDelivery and proximity to amenities
      A2P022: Waste
      A2P022: OtherGHG emissions; Power/load; Life cycle cost (LCC); Demographic needs and consultation plan; Public Space
      A2P023: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Generation
      A2P023: Photovoltaicsyesyesyesnoyesyesyesyesnonoyes
      A2P023: Solar thermal collectorsyesyesyesyesnoyesyesnonoyesyes
      A2P023: Wind Turbinesnonononononononononono
      A2P023: Geothermal energy systemnoyesyesyesnoyesyesnononono
      A2P023: Waste heat recoverynoyesnoyesnoyesnonononono
      A2P023: Waste to energynoyesnononoyesnonononono
      A2P023: Polygenerationnonononononononononoyes
      A2P023: Co-generationnononononoyesnonononoyes
      A2P023: Heat Pumpyesyesyesyesnoyesyesnononoyes
      A2P023: Hydrogennononononoyesnonononono
      A2P023: Hydropower plantnononononoyesnonononono
      A2P023: Biomassnononononoyesnonononono
      A2P023: Biogasnononononoyesnonononono
      A2P023: Other
      A2P024: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Flexibility
      A2P024: A2P024: Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)noyesnononoyesnonononoyes
      A2P024: Energy management systemnoyesyesnonoyesnonononoyes
      A2P024: Demand-side managementnoyesnononoyesnonononoyes
      A2P024: Smart electricity gridnononononoyesnonononoyes
      A2P024: Thermal Storagenoyesnononoyesyesnononono
      A2P024: Electric Storagenoyesnononoyesnonononoyes
      A2P024: District Heating and Coolingyesyesyesyesnoyesyesnonoyesno
      A2P024: Smart metering and demand-responsive control systemsnoyesnonoyesyesnonononoyes
      A2P024: P2P – buildingsnononononoyesnonononoyes
      A2P024: Other
      A2P025: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Efficiency
      A2P025: Deep Retrofittingyesnoyesnoyesyesnonononoyes
      A2P025: Energy efficiency measures in historic buildingsnoyesnononoyesnonononono
      A2P025: High-performance new buildingsnoyesnonononononononono
      A2P025: Smart Public infrastructure (e.g. smart lighting)noyesyesnononononononoyes
      A2P025: Urban data platformsnoyesnononoyesnonononoyes
      A2P025: Mobile applications for citizensnonoyesnononononononono
      A2P025: Building services (HVAC & Lighting)nonononononononononoyes
      A2P025: Smart irrigationnonononononononononono
      A2P025: Digital tracking for waste disposalnonononononononononono
      A2P025: Smart surveillancenonononononononononono
      A2P025: Other
      A2P026: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Mobility
      A2P026: Efficiency of vehicles (public and/or private)nonoyesnonoyesnonononoyes
      A2P026: Measures to reduce traffic volume (e.g. measure to support public transportation, shared mobility, measure to reduce journeys and distances)nononononoyesnonononoyes
      A2P026: e-Mobilitynoyesyesnonoyesnonononoyes
      A2P026: Soft mobility infrastructures and last mile solutionsnonoyesnonoyesnonononono
      A2P026: Car-free areanonononononononononono
      A2P026: Other
      A2P027: Mobility strategies - Additional notes
      A2P027: Mobility strategies - Additional notesThe Fornebu area will contain urban structures that will facilitate low and zero carbon mobility within the area, including pedestrian walking, bicycling and electrical vehicles.The new mobility plan integrates the PED area
      A2P028: Energy efficiency certificates
      A2P028: Energy efficiency certificatesYesNoNoYes
      A2P028: If yes, please specify and/or enter notesEnergy Performance Certificate
      A2P029: Any other building / district certificates
      A2P029: Any other building / district certificatesNoNoYesYes
      A2P029: If yes, please specify and/or enter notesAll buildings should be certified according to BREEAM-NOR Excellent
      A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy
      A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy
      • Smart cities strategies
      • Energy master planning (SECAP, etc.),
      • New development strategies,
      • National / international city networks addressing sustainable urban development and climate neutrality
      • Smart cities strategies,
      • Urban Renewal Strategies
      • Urban Renewal Strategies
      • Climate change adaption plan/strategy (e.g. Climate City contract)
      • Smart cities strategies
      • Smart cities strategies
      • Smart cities strategies,
      • Urban Renewal Strategies
      • Smart cities strategies,
      • Urban Renewal Strategies,
      • Energy master planning (SECAP, etc.),
      • New development strategies,
      • Promotion of energy communities (REC/CEC),
      • Climate change adaption plan/strategy (e.g. Climate City contract),
      • National / international city networks addressing sustainable urban development and climate neutrality
      A3P002: Quantitative targets included in the city / national strategy
      A3P002: Quantitative targets included in the city / national strategyClimate neutrality by 203540% reduction in emissions by 2030 according to the Covenant of Mayors
      A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid
      A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid
      • Electrification of Heating System based on Heat Pumps,
      • Electrification of Cooking Methods,
      • Biogas
      • Electrification of Heating System based on Heat Pumps
      • Electrification of Heating System based on Heat Pumps,
      • Biogas,
      • Hydrogen
      • Electrification of Heating System based on Heat Pumps
      A3P003: Other
      A3P004: Identification of needs and priorities
      A3P004: Identification of needs and prioritiesFreiburg has ambitious goals and wants to achieve climate neutrality until 2035, the PED concept could help to develop suitable strategies on district levelNursing home for people with special needs- Thermal rehabilitation - Heat pumps - Smart system capable o various connections and data export - Usage of the energy produced by PVs placed on 3 buildings within the PED
      A3P005: Sustainable behaviour
      A3P005: Sustainable behaviourIn Groningen we are working with different sustainable behaviours approaches and also developed the Unified Citizen Engagement Approach (UCEA). Currently, there are two different approaches in use in the municipality of Groningen: the District energy approach (Wijkgerichte aanpak, developed by the Municipality of Groningen) and the Cooperative approach (Coöperative Aanpak, developed by Grunneger Power). Based upon those approaches and knowledge that is gained through social research executed by TNO and HUAS the new Unified Citizen Engagement Approach (UCEA) has been developed.Energy efficiency by renovation measures for buildings and measures for saving electricity; electrification by installation of heat pumps and photovoltaics and switching to electric cars, additional measures not directly related to PED like sustainable diet and sharing economy- Education - Replacement of the non-performant PVs - Professional maintenance of the PV system - Reduce of consumptions - Intelligent systems to recover heat - Intelligent system to permit the usage of domestic water from the heating system
      A3P006: Economic strategies
      A3P006: Economic strategies
      • Innovative business models,
      • Blockchain
      • Demand management Living Lab,
      • Local trading,
      • Existing incentives
      • Innovative business models
      • Open data business models,
      • Innovative business models,
      • Life Cycle Cost,
      • Circular economy models,
      • Demand management Living Lab
      A3P006: Other
      A3P007: Social models
      A3P007: Social models
      • Strategies towards (local) community-building,
      • Co-creation / Citizen engagement strategies,
      • Citizen Social Research,
      • Prevention of energy poverty,
      • Citizen/owner involvement in planning and maintenance
      • Co-creation / Citizen engagement strategies,
      • Citizen/owner involvement in planning and maintenance
      • Co-creation / Citizen engagement strategies,
      • Citizen/owner involvement in planning and maintenance
      • Behavioural Change / End-users engagement,
      • Educational activities and trainings (including capacity building towards technology literacy, energy efficient behaviour)
      • Strategies towards (local) community-building,
      • Co-creation / Citizen engagement strategies,
      • Behavioural Change / End-users engagement,
      • Citizen/owner involvement in planning and maintenance,
      • Educational activities and trainings (including capacity building towards technology literacy, energy efficient behaviour)
      • Co-creation / Citizen engagement strategies,
      • Affordability,
      • Prevention of energy poverty
      • Educational activities and trainings (including capacity building towards technology literacy, energy efficient behaviour)
      • Strategies towards (local) community-building,
      • Co-creation / Citizen engagement strategies,
      • Behavioural Change / End-users engagement,
      • Citizen Social Research,
      • Policy Forums,
      • Social incentives,
      • Quality of Life,
      • Strategies towards social mix,
      • Affordability,
      • Prevention of energy poverty,
      • Digital Inclusion,
      • Citizen/owner involvement in planning and maintenance,
      • Educational activities and trainings (including capacity building towards technology literacy, energy efficient behaviour)
      A3P007: Other
      A3P008: Integrated urban strategies
      A3P008: Integrated urban strategies
      • Strategic urban planning,
      • District Energy plans,
      • City Vision 2050,
      • SECAP Updates
      • Strategic urban planning,
      • Digital twinning and visual 3D models,
      • District Energy plans
      • Strategic urban planning,
      • District Energy plans
      • Strategic urban planning,
      • District Energy plans,
      • City Vision 2050,
      • SECAP Updates,
      • Building / district Certification
      A3P008: Other
      A3P009: Environmental strategies
      A3P009: Environmental strategies
      • Energy Neutral
      • Energy Neutral,
      • Carbon-free
      • Energy Neutral
      • Low Emission Zone,
      • Carbon-free
      • Energy Neutral,
      • Net zero carbon footprint,
      • Carbon-free
      • Other
      • Energy Neutral,
      • Carbon-free
      • Energy Neutral,
      • Low Emission Zone,
      • Net zero carbon footprint,
      • Carbon-free,
      • Life Cycle approach,
      • Pollutants Reduction,
      • Greening strategies,
      • Sustainable Urban drainage systems (SUDS),
      • Cool Materials,
      • Nature Based Solutions (NBS)
      A3P009: OtherPEB
      A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspects
      A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspectsAt national/regional/local level a legislation on PEDs development is not yet available in the Netherlands. There will be a new Environmental Act and Heat Act in the nearby future. We are working on a paper about the current legal barriers, which are in short for Groningen:  Lack of legal certainty and clarity with regard to the energy legislation.  Lack of coherence between policy and legislation from different ministries.  The planned revision of the Dutch Heat Law prevents Groningen from effectively realizing sustainable heat transition plans and goals.  Lack of capacity on the distribution grid for electricity
      B1P001: PED/PED relevant concept definition
      B1P001: PED/PED relevant concept definitionRefurbishment of social housing. The refurbishment complies with EnergieSprong specifications. This implies a performance of E=0 over 25 years.Assessment methods for this ped (and for germany) is defined in this project at the moment and will be tested at that case studyPEBPositive energy district
      B1P002: Motivation behind PED/PED relevant project development
      B1P002: Motivation behind PED/PED relevant project developmentRefurbishment of social housingCity is interested in transforming the quarter, as many buildings are old, have private owner structures and have decentralised heating systems. As the city wants to become climate neutral by 2035 action is needed now. In the research project PED urban the idea is to focus on the future energy system of the quarter and use it as a case study to develop a common assessment method for PEDs in alignment with european efforts in that regardCreation of an area which aims to be sustainable in terms of energy sufficiency and efficiency.
      B1P003: Environment of the case study area
      B2P003: Environment of the case study areaUrban areaUrban areaSuburban areaSuburban areaSuburban areaUrban areaUrban area
      B1P004: Type of district
      B2P004: Type of district
      • Renovation
      • Renovation
      • New construction,
      • Renovation
      • Renovation
      • Renovation
      • New construction
      • New construction
      • Renovation
      • Renovation
      B1P005: Case Study Context
      B1P005: Case Study Context
      • Retrofitting Area
      • Retrofitting Area
      • New Development,
      • Retrofitting Area
      • Retrofitting Area
      • Retrofitting Area
      • New Development
      • New Development
      • Retrofitting Area
      • Retrofitting Area
      B1P006: Year of construction
      B1P006: Year of construction19581976
      B1P007: District population before intervention - Residential
      B1P007: District population before intervention - Residential5898
      B1P008: District population after intervention - Residential
      B1P008: District population after intervention - Residential5898
      B1P009: District population before intervention - Non-residential
      B1P009: District population before intervention - Non-residential
      B1P010: District population after intervention - Non-residential
      B1P010: District population after intervention - Non-residential
      B1P011: Population density before intervention
      B1P011: Population density before intervention00000000000
      B1P012: Population density after intervention
      B1P012: Population density after intervention000000.001198780487804900000
      B1P013: Building and Land Use before intervention
      B1P013: Residentialyesnoyesyesyesyesnononoyesno
      B1P013 - Residential: Specify the sqm [m²]25,000
      B1P013: Officenononoyesnoyesnonononono
      B1P013 - Office: Specify the sqm [m²]10,000
      B1P013: Industry and Utilitynononoyesnoyesnononoyesno
      B1P013 - Industry and Utility: Specify the sqm [m²]
      B1P013: Commercialnononononoyesnononoyesno
      B1P013 - Commercial: Specify the sqm [m²]
      B1P013: Institutionalnononononoyesnonononoyes
      B1P013 - Institutional: Specify the sqm [m²]
      B1P013: Natural areasnononononoyesnononoyesno
      B1P013 - Natural areas: Specify the sqm [m²]
      B1P013: Recreationalnononononoyesnonononono
      B1P013 - Recreational: Specify the sqm [m²]
      B1P013: Dismissed areasnonononononononononono
      B1P013 - Dismissed areas: Specify the sqm [m²]
      B1P013: Othernononononononononoyesno
      B1P013 - Other: Specify the sqm [m²]
      B1P014: Building and Land Use after intervention
      B1P014: Residentialyesnoyesyesyesyesnoyesnoyesno
      B1P014 - Residential: Specify the sqm [m²]25.000
      B1P014: Officenononoyesnoyesnonononono
      B1P014 - Office: Specify the sqm [m²]10.000
      B1P014: Industry and Utilitynononoyesnoyesnononoyesno
      B1P014 - Industry and Utility: Specify the sqm [m²]
      B1P014: Commercialnononononoyesnononoyesno
      B1P014 - Commercial: Specify the sqm [m²]
      B1P014: Institutionalnononononoyesnonononoyes
      B1P014 - Institutional: Specify the sqm [m²]
      B1P014: Natural areasnononononoyesnononoyesno
      B1P014 - Natural areas: Specify the sqm [m²]
      B1P014: Recreationalnononononoyesnoyesnonono
      B1P014 - Recreational: Specify the sqm [m²]
      B1P014: Dismissed areasnonononononononononono
      B1P014 - Dismissed areas: Specify the sqm [m²]
      B1P014: Othernononononononononoyesno
      B1P014 - Other: Specify the sqm [m²]
      B2P001: PED Lab concept definition
      B2P001: PED Lab concept definitionGroningen was selected as Lighthouse City for the MAKING-CITY project. MAKING-CITY is a 60-month Horizon 2020 project launched in December 2018. It aims to address and demonstrate the urban energy system transformation towards smart and low-carbon cities, based on the Positive Energy District (PED) concept. The PED operational models developed in MAKING-CITY will help European and other cities around the world to adopt a long-term City Vision 2050 for energy transition and sustainable urbanisation whilst turning citizens into actors of this transformation. Groningen works with two PED districts in two completely different neighbourhoods in terms of structure and buildings. This is why we see this as a lab: to see wat works and what doesn’t. In order to be able to implement this in the rest of the city.
      B2P002: Installation life time
      B2P002: Installation life timeThe MAKING-CITY project lasts from November 2018 – November 2023. By that time PED North and PED South East are a fact.
      B2P003: Scale of action
      B2P003: ScaleDistrictDistrictDistrictDistrictDistrictDistrict
      B2P004: Operator of the installation
      B2P004: Operator of the installationThe Municipality of Groningen is Manager of the lab but works closely with other parties such as the university, university of applied sciences, research institute TNO and several other parties.
      B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materials
      B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materialsGroningen does not have a strategy to reuse and recyle materials
      B2P006: Circular Economy Approach
      B2P006: Do you apply any strategy to reuse and recycling the materials?NoYes
      B2P006: Other
      B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab
      B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab
      • Civic
      B2P007: Other
      B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED Lab
      B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED LabMunicipality
      B2P008: Other
      B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab
      B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab
      • Academia,
      • Private,
      • Industrial,
      • Other
      B2P009: Otherresearch companies, monitoring company, ict company
      B2P010: Synergies between the fields of activities
      B2P010: Synergies between the fields of activities
      B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab
      B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab
      • Buildings,
      • Demand-side management,
      • Energy storage,
      • Energy networks,
      • Waste management,
      • Lighting,
      • E-mobility,
      • Information and Communication Technologies (ICT),
      • Social interactions,
      • Business models
      B2P011: Other
      B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab
      B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab
      • Tools for prototyping and modelling
      B2P013: Availability of the facilities for external people
      B2P013: Availability of the facilities for external people
      B2P014: Monitoring measures
      B2P014: Monitoring measures
      • Execution plan,
      • Available data,
      • Type of measured data,
      • Equipment,
      • Level of access
      B2P015: Key Performance indicators
      B2P015: Key Performance indicators
      • Energy,
      • Social,
      • Economical / Financial
      B2P016: Execution of operations
      B2P016: Execution of operations
      B2P017: Capacities
      B2P017: Capacities
      B2P018: Relations with stakeholders
      B2P018: Relations with stakeholders
      B2P019: Available tools
      B2P019: Available tools
      • Energy modelling,
      • Social models,
      • Business and financial models
      B2P019: Available tools
      B2P020: External accessibility
      B2P020: External accessibility
      C1P001: Unlocking Factors
      C1P001: Recent technological improvements for on-site RES production1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important
      C1P001: Innovative, integrated, prefabricated packages for buildings envelope / Energy efficiency of building stock1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important
      C1P001: Energy Communities, P2P, Prosumers concepts1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
      C1P001: Storage systems and E-mobility market penetration1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
      C1P001: Decreasing costs of innovative materials1 - Unimportant5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
      C1P001: Financial mechanisms to reduce costs and maximize benefits1 - Unimportant5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
      C1P001: The ability to predict Multiple Benefits1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
      C1P001: The ability to predict the distribution of benefits and impacts1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
      C1P001: Citizens improved awareness and engagement on sustainable energy issues (bottom-up)1 - Unimportant5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
      C1P001: Social acceptance (top-down)1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
      C1P001: Improved local and national policy frameworks (i.e. incentives, laws etc.)1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important4 - Important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important
      C1P001: Presence of integrated urban strategies and plans1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
      C1P001: Multidisciplinary approaches available for systemic integration1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important
      C1P001: Availability of grants (from EC or other donors) to finance the PED Lab projects1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important4 - Important1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
      C1P001: Availability of RES on site (Local RES)1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant5 - Very important1 - Unimportant4 - Important
      C1P001: Ongoing or established collaboration on Public Private Partnership among key stakeholders1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
      C1P001: Any other UNLOCKING FACTORS1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
      C1P001: Any other UNLOCKING FACTORS (if any)
      C1P002: Driving Factors
      C1P002: Climate Change adaptation need1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
      C1P002: Climate Change mitigation need (local RES production and efficiency)1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
      C1P002: Rapid urbanization trend and need of urban expansions1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
      C1P002: Urban re-development of existing built environment1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important
      C1P002: Economic growth need1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important
      C1P002: Improved local environmental quality (air, noise, aesthetics, etc.)1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important
      C1P002: Territorial and market attractiveness1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
      C1P002: Energy autonomy/independence1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
      C1P002: Any other DRIVING FACTOR1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
      C1P002: Any other DRIVING FACTOR (if any)Earthquakes due to gas extraction
      C1P003: Administrative barriers
      C1P003: Difficulty in the coordination of high number of partners and authorities1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
      C1P003: Lack of good cooperation and acceptance among partners1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
      C1P003: Lack of public participation1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
      C1P003: Lack of institutions/mechanisms to disseminate information1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important
      C1P003:Long and complex procedures for authorization of project activities1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
      C1P003: Time consuming requirements by EC or other donors concerning reporting and accountancy1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
      C1P003: Complicated and non-comprehensive public procurement1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important
      C1P003: Fragmented and or complex ownership structure1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
      C1P003: City administration & cross-sectoral attitude/approaches (silos)1 - Unimportant5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important
      C1P003: Lack of internal capacities to support energy transition1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
      C1P003: Any other Administrative BARRIER1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
      C1P003: Any other Administrative BARRIER (if any)
      C1P004: Policy barriers
      C1P004: Lack of long-term and consistent energy plans and policies1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
      C1P004: Lacking or fragmented local political commitment and support on the long term1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important
      C1P004: Lack of Cooperation & support between national-regional-local entities1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
      C1P004: Any other Political BARRIER1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
      C1P004: Any other Political BARRIER (if any)
      C1P005: Legal and Regulatory barriers
      C1P005: Inadequate regulations for new technologies1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
      C1P005: Regulatory instability1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important
      C1P005: Non-effective regulations1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important
      C1P005: Unfavorable local regulations for innovative technologies1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
      C1P005: Building code and land-use planning hindering innovative technologies1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
      C1P005: Insufficient or insecure financial incentives1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important
      C1P005: Unresolved privacy concerns and limiting nature of privacy protection regulation1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
      C1P005: Shortage of proven and tested solutions and examples1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
      C1P005: Any other Legal and Regulatory BARRIER1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
      C1P005: Any other Legal and Regulatory BARRIER (if any)
      C1P006: Environmental barriers
      C1P006: Environmental barriers
      C1P007: Technical barriers
      C1P007: Lack of skilled and trained personnel1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important
      C1P007: Deficient planning1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
      C1P007: Retrofitting work in dwellings in occupied state1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
      C1P007: Lack of well-defined process1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
      C1P007: Inaccuracy in energy modelling and simulation1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important
      C1P007: Lack/cost of computational scalability1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
      C1P007: Grid congestion, grid instability1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important
      C1P007: Negative effects of project intervention on the natural environment1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
      C1P007: Energy retrofitting work in dense and/or historical urban environment1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important
      C1P007: Difficult definition of system boundaries1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
      C1P007: Any other Thecnical BARRIER1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
      C1P007: Any other Thecnical BARRIER (if any)
      C1P008: Social and Cultural barriers
      C1P008: Inertia1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important
      C1P008: Lack of values and interest in energy optimization measurements1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important
      C1P008: Low acceptance of new projects and technologies1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
      C1P008: Difficulty of finding and engaging relevant actors1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
      C1P008: Lack of trust beyond social network1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
      C1P008: Rebound effect1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important
      C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards environmentalism1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
      C1P008: Exclusion of socially disadvantaged groups1 - Unimportant5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
      C1P008: Non-energy issues are more important and urgent for actors1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
      C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards energy collaboration1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
      C1P008: Any other Social BARRIER1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
      C1P008: Any other Social BARRIER (if any)
      C1P009: Information and Awareness barriers
      C1P009: Insufficient information on the part of potential users and consumers1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
      C1P009: Perception of interventions as complicated and expensive, with negative socio-economic or environmental impacts1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
      C1P009: Lack of awareness among authorities1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
      C1P009: Information asymmetry causing power asymmetry of established actors1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
      C1P009: High costs of design, material, construction, and installation1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
      C1P009: Any other Information and Awareness BARRIER1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
      C1P009: Any other Information and Awareness BARRIER (if any)
      C1P010: Financial barriers
      C1P010: Hidden costs1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important
      C1P010: Insufficient external financial support and funding for project activities1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant5 - Very important
      C1P010: Economic crisis1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important
      C1P010: Risk and uncertainty1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important
      C1P010: Lack of consolidated and tested business models1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important
      C1P010: Limited access to capital and cost disincentives1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant4 - Important
      C1P010: Any other Financial BARRIER1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
      C1P010: Any other Financial BARRIER (if any)
      C1P011: Market barriers
      C1P011: Split incentives1 - Unimportant5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant2 - Slightly important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
      C1P011: Energy price distortion1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important3 - Moderately important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
      C1P011: Energy market concentration, gatekeeper actors (DSOs)1 - Unimportant4 - Important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important5 - Very important1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant3 - Moderately important
      C1P011: Any other Market BARRIER1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant1 - Unimportant
      C1P011: Any other Market BARRIER (if any)
      C1P012: Stakeholders involved
      C1P012: Government/Public Authorities
      • Planning/leading,
      • Design/demand aggregation,
      • Construction/implementation
      • Planning/leading
      • Planning/leading
      C1P012: Research & Innovation
      • Planning/leading,
      • Design/demand aggregation,
      • Monitoring/operation/management
      • Construction/implementation,
      • Monitoring/operation/management
      C1P012: Financial/Funding
      • Design/demand aggregation,
      • Construction/implementation
      • None
      C1P012: Analyst, ICT and Big Data
      • Design/demand aggregation,
      • Monitoring/operation/management
      • None
      C1P012: Business process management
      • Planning/leading
      • None
      C1P012: Urban Services providers
      • Design/demand aggregation,
      • Monitoring/operation/management
      • None
      C1P012: Real Estate developers
      • Construction/implementation
      • None
      C1P012: Design/Construction companies
      • Construction/implementation
      • Construction/implementation
      C1P012: End‐users/Occupants/Energy Citizens
      • None
      • Planning/leading,
      • Construction/implementation,
      • Monitoring/operation/management
      C1P012: Social/Civil Society/NGOs
      • Planning/leading,
      • Design/demand aggregation
      • Construction/implementation,
      • Monitoring/operation/management
      C1P012: Industry/SME/eCommerce
      • Planning/leading,
      • Design/demand aggregation,
      • Construction/implementation,
      • Monitoring/operation/management
      • None
      C1P012: Other
      C1P012: Other (if any)
      Summary

      Authors (framework concept)

      Beril Alpagut (Demir Energy); Giulia Turci (University of Bologna); Michal Kuzmic (Czech Technical University in Prague); Paolo Civiero (Università Roma Tre); Serena Pagliulia (University of Bologna); Oscar Seco (CIEMAT); Silvia Soutullo (CIEMAT); Daniele Vettorato (EURAC Research, IEA Annex 83); Bailador Ferreras M. Almudena (CIEMAT); Vicky Albert-Seifried (FHG ISE)

      Contributors (to the content)

      Laura Aelenei (LNEG), Nienke Maas (TNO), Savis Gohari (OsloMet), Andras Reith (ABUD), Ghazal Etminan (AIT), Maria-Beatrice Andreucci (Universita Sapienza), Francesco Reda (VTT, IEA Annex 83), Mari Hukkalainen (VTT), Judith-Borsboom (Locality), Gilda Massa (ENEA), Jelena Ziemele (University of Latvia), Nikola Pokorny (CVUT), Sergio Diaz de Garayo Balsategui (CENER, IEA Annex 83), Matthias Haaze (ZHAW, IEA Annex 83), Christoph Gollner (FFG, JPI UE), Silvia Bossi (ENEA, JPI UE), Christian Winzer (Zurich University of Applied Science), George Martinopoulos (Centre for Research and Technology Hellas), Maria Nuria Sánchez (CIEMAT), Angelina Tomova (Energy Agency of Plovdiv)

      Implemented by

      Boutik.pt: Filipe Martins, Jamal Khan
      Marek Suchánek (Czech Technical University in Prague)