| Name | Project | Type | Compare |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tartu, Estonia | V2G-QUESTS | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Utrecht, the Netherlands (District of Kanaleneiland) | V2G-QUESTS | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Aveiro, Portugal | V2G-QUESTS | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Győr Geothermal District Heating Project | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Jacobs Borchs Gate, Drammen | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Dietenbach, Freiburg im Breisgau | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| SmartEnCity, Lecce | SmartEnCity – Towards Smart Zero CO2 Cities across Europe | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| STARDUST, Trento | STARDUST – Holistic and Integrated Urban Model for Smart Cities | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Klimatkontrakt Hyllie, Malmö | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| EnStadt:Pfaff, Kaiserslautern | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare | |
| mySMARTlife, Helsinki | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| REPLICATE (pilot action in the Novoli-Cascine district on “le PIagge” buildings), Firenze | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Sinfonia, Bolzano | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Hunziker Areal, Zürich | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Hammarby Sjöstad 2.0, | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Sharing Cities, Milano | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| District Heating Pozo Barredo, Mieres | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Cityfied (demo Linero), Lund | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Smart Otaniemi, Espoo | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare | |
| Zukunftsquartier, Vienna | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Santa Chiara Open Lab, Trento | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Barrio La Pinada, Paterna | PED Case Study / PED Lab | Compare | |
| Zero Village Bergen (ZVB) | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Võru +CityxChange | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| NTNU Campus within the Knowledge Axis, Trondheim | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Furuset project, Oslo | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Laser Valley – Land of Lights | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Ydalir project | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| NyBy – Ny Flyplass (New City – New Airport) | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Fornebu, Bærum | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Fleuraye west, Carquefou | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Smart Energy Åland | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Romania, Alba Iulia PED | ASCEND – Accelerate poSitive Clean ENergy Districts | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Romania, Alba Iulia PED | InterPED – INTERoperable cloud-based solution for cross-vector planning and management of Positive Energy Districts | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Munich, Harthof district | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Lublin | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Roubaix, MustBe0 – Résidence Philippe le Hardi – 125 Rue d’Oran | CULTURAL-E – Climate and cultural-based solutions for Plus Energy Buildings | PED Relevant Case Study | Uncompare |
| Bærum, Eiksveien 116 | CULTURAL-E – Climate and cultural-based solutions for Plus Energy Buildings | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Findhorn, the Park | InterPED – INTERoperable cloud-based solution for cross-vector planning and management of Positive Energy Districts | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Amsterdam, Buiksloterham PED | ATELIER – AmsTErdam BiLbao cItizen drivEn smaRt cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Schönbühel-Aggsbach, Schönbühel an der Donau | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Umeå, Ålidhem district | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Aalborg East | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare | |
| Ankara, Çamlık District | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Trenčín | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Luxembourg, Betzdorf | LEGOFIT – Adaptable technological solutions based on early design actions for the construction and renovation of Energy Positive Homes | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Vantaa, Aviapolis | NEUTRALPATH – Pathway towards Climate-Neutrality through low risky and fully replicable Positive Clean Energy Districts | PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Vidin, Himik and Bononia | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Oslo, Verksbyen | Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Uden, Loopkantstraat | Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Zaragoza, Actur | NEUTRALPATH – Pathway towards Climate-Neutrality through low risky and fully replicable Positive Clean Energy Districts | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Aarhus, Brabrand | BIPED – Building Intelligent Positive Energy Districts | PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Riga, Ķīpsala, RTU smart student city | ExPEDite – Enabling Positive Energy Districts through Digital Twins | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Izmir, District of Karşıyaka | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Case Study | Uncompare |
| Istanbul, Ozyegin University Campus | LEGOFIT – Adaptable technological solutions based on early design actions for the construction and renovation of Energy Positive Homes | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Espoo, Kera | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study | Uncompare |
| Borlänge, Rymdgatan’s Residential Portfolio | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Relevant Case Study | Uncompare |
| Freiburg, Waldsee | PED urban – Development of methods and tools for accounting, planning and operation of climate-neutral district | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Innsbruck, Campagne-Areal | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Graz, Reininghausgründe | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Stor-Elvdal, Campus Evenstad | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Oulu, Kaukovainio | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Halmstad, Fyllinge | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Lund, Brunnshög district | PED Case Study | Uncompare | |
| Vienna, Am Kempelenpark | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Évora, Portugal | POCITYF – A POsitive Energy CITY Transformation Framework | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Kladno, Sletiště (Sport Area), PED Winter Stadium | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Groningen, PED South | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Lab | Compare |
| Groningen, PED North | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Lab | |
| Maia, Sobreiro Social Housing | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Lab | Compare |
| Lubia (Soria), CEDER-CIEMAT | PED Lab | Compare | |
| Tampere, Ilokkaanpuisto district | STARDUST – Holistic and Integrated Urban Model for Smart Cities | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Leon, Former Sugar Factory district | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Istanbul, Kadikoy district, Caferaga | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Espoo, Leppävaara district, Sello center | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Espoo, Espoonlahti district, Lippulaiva block | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Case Study | Uncompare |
| Salzburg, Gneis district | Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet | Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Tartu, City centre area | SmartEnCity – Towards Smart Zero CO2 Cities across Europe | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Bologna, Pilastro-Roveri district | GRETA – GReen Energy Transition Actions | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Barcelona, SEILAB & Energy SmartLab | PED Lab | Compare | |
| Leipzig, Baumwollspinnerei district | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Case Study | Uncompare |
| Kifissia, Energy community | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Title | Groningen, PED North | Lund, Brunnshög district | Leipzig, Baumwollspinnerei district | Espoo, Kera | Borlänge, Rymdgatan’s Residential Portfolio | City of Espoo, Espoonlahti district, Lippulaiva block | Roubaix, MustBe0 - Résidence Philippe le Hardi – 125 Rue d’Oran | Izmir, District of Karşıyaka |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED Lab | ||||||||
| A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED Lab | Groningen, PED North | Lund, Brunnshög district | Leipzig, Baumwollspinnerei district | Espoo, Kera | Borlänge, Rymdgatan’s Residential Portfolio | City of Espoo, Espoonlahti district, Lippulaiva block | Roubaix, MustBe0 - Résidence Philippe le Hardi – 125 Rue d’Oran | Izmir, District of Karşıyaka |
| A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet | ||||||||
| A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet |
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| A1P003: Categorisation of the PED site | ||||||||
| PED case study | no | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | no | yes |
| PED relevant case study | no | no | no | yes | yes | no | yes | no |
| PED Lab. | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P004: Targets of the PED case study / PED Lab | ||||||||
| Climate neutrality | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | yes |
| Annual energy surplus | yes | yes | no | no | yes | no | yes | yes |
| Energy community | yes | yes | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| Circularity | yes | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| Air quality and urban comfort | no | yes | yes | no | no | no | yes | yes |
| Electrification | no | yes | yes | no | yes | no | no | no |
| Net-zero energy cost | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes |
| Net-zero emission | yes | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| Self-sufficiency (energy autonomous) | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| Maximise self-sufficiency | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | no | yes |
| Other | no | yes | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| Other (A1P004) | Holistic approach on city planning; Minimise car traffic - walkability; Local service; Climate neutral buildings 2030; | Net-zero emission; Annual energy surplus | ||||||
| A1P005: Phase of the PED case study / PED Lab | ||||||||
| A1P005: Project Phase of your case study/PED Lab | Implementation Phase | In operation | Implementation Phase | Planning Phase | Planning Phase | In operation | Completed | Planning Phase |
| A1P006: Start Date | ||||||||
| A1P006: Start date | 12/18 | 2015 | 01/15 | 06/18 | 01/22 | 10/22 | ||
| A1P007: End Date | ||||||||
| A1P007: End date | 12/23 | 2040 | 12/35 | 03/22 | 01/24 | 10/25 | ||
| A1P008: Reference Project | ||||||||
| A1P008: Reference Project | ||||||||
| A1P009: Data availability | ||||||||
| A1P009: Data availability |
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| A1P009: Other | GIS open dataset is under construction | Other | ||||||
| A1P010: Sources | ||||||||
| Any publication, link to website, deliverable referring to the PED/PED Lab |
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| A1P011: Geographic coordinates | ||||||||
| X Coordinate (longitude): | 6.535121 | 13.232469400769599 | 12.318458 | 24.75377778 | 15.394495 | 24.6543 | 3.1651 | 27.110049 |
| Y Coordinate (latitude): | 53.234846 | 55.71989792207193 | 51.326492 | 60.21622222 | 60.486609 | 60.1491 | 50.6937 | 38.496054 |
| A1P012: Country | ||||||||
| A1P012: Country | Netherlands | Sweden | Germany | Finland | Sweden | Finland | France | Turkey |
| A1P013: City | ||||||||
| A1P013: City | Groningen | Lund | Leipzig | Espoo | Borlänge | Espoo | Roubaix | İzmir |
| A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification) | ||||||||
| A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification). | Cfa | Dfb | Dfb | Dfb | Dsb | Dfb | Cfb | Csa |
| A1P015: District boundary | ||||||||
| A1P015: District boundary | Functional | Geographic | Functional | Geographic | Geographic | Geographic | Other | Geographic |
| Other | Geographic | PEB | ||||||
| A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab | ||||||||
| A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab: | Mixed | Public | Mixed | Mixed | Private | Private | Private | |
| A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure | ||||||||
| A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure: | Multiple Owners | Multiple Owners | Multiple Owners | Single Owner | Single Owner | Single Owner | Multiple Owners | |
| A1P018: Number of buildings in PED | ||||||||
| A1P018: Number of buildings in PED | 7 | 200 | 2 | 10 | 9 | 1 | 21 | |
| A1P019: Conditioned space | ||||||||
| A1P019: Conditioned space [m²] | 1.01 | 1500000 | 17000 | 3700 | 112000 | 1442 | 102795 | |
| A1P020: Total ground area | ||||||||
| A1P020: Total ground area [m²] | 17.132 | 1500000 | 30000 | 580000 | 9945 | 165000 | 2500 | 32600 |
| A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area | ||||||||
| A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 3 |
| A1P022: Financial schemes | ||||||||
| A1P022a: Financing - PRIVATE - Real estate | yes | yes | no | no | no | yes | yes | no |
| A1P022a: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | 99999999 | 0 | ||||||
| A1P022b: Financing - PRIVATE - ESCO scheme | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022b: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||
| A1P022c: Financing - PRIVATE - Other | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022c: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||
| A1P022d: Financing - PUBLIC - EU structural funding | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022d: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | 1000000 | |||||||
| A1P022e: Financing - PUBLIC - National funding | yes | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022e: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | 30000000 | |||||||
| A1P022f: Financing - PUBLIC - Regional funding | no | yes | no | no | no | no | yes | no |
| A1P022f: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | 30000000 | |||||||
| A1P022g: Financing - PUBLIC - Municipal funding | yes | yes | no | no | no | no | yes | no |
| A1P022g: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | 180000000 | |||||||
| A1P022h: Financing - PUBLIC - Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022h: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||
| A1P022i: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - EU | yes | yes | no | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
| A1P022i: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | 2000000 | 308875 | 1193355 | |||||
| A1P022j: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - National | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes |
| A1P022j: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||
| A1P022k: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - Local/regional | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022k: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||
| A1P022l: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022l: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||
| A1P022: Other | Multiple different funding schemes depending on the case. | Retrofitted through various subsidies | ||||||
| A1P023: Economic Targets | ||||||||
| A1P023: Economic Targets |
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| A1P023: Other | World class sustainable living and research environments | Sustainable and replicable business models regarding renewable energy systems | Circular economy | |||||
| A1P024: More comments: | ||||||||
| A1P024: More comments: | The Espoonlahti district is located on the south-western coast of Espoo. With 56,000 inhabitants, it is the second largest of the Espoo city centres. The number of inhabitants is estimated to grow to 70,000 within the next 10 years. Espoonlahti will be a future transit hub of the south-western Espoo, along the metro line, and the increasing stream of passengers provides a huge potential for retail, business and residential developments. E-mobility solutions and last-mile services have strong potential in the area when subway extension is finished and running. The extensive (re)development of the Lippulaiva blocks make a benchmark catering to the everyday needs of residents. The completely new shopping centre is a state-of-the-art cross point with 20,000 daily customers and 10,000 daily commuters (3.5 million/year). The new underground metro line and station, and feeder line bus terminal, are fully integrated. Residential housing of approximately 550 new apartments will be built on top. Lippulaiva is a large traffic hub, directly connected to public transport and right next to the Länsiväylä highway and extensive cycle paths. Lippulaiva offers diverse, mixed-use services, such as a shopping mall, public services, a day care centre, residential apartment buildings, and underground parking facilities. Lippulaiva received the LEED Gold environmental certificate and Smart Building Gold certificate. • Flagship of sustainability • Cooling and heating demand from geothermal energy system (on-site) with energy storage system, 4 MW • PV panels: roof and façade, 630 kWp • Smart control strategies for electricity and thermal energy, smart microgrid-system and battery storage • Charging capacity for 134 EVs | The building comprises 32 homes. The refurbishment complies with EnergieSprong specifications. This implies a performance of E=0 over 25 years. | ||||||
| A1P025: Estimated PED case study / PED LAB costs | ||||||||
| A1P025: Estimated PED case study / PED LAB costs [mil. EUR] | 3.6 | |||||||
| Contact person for general enquiries | ||||||||
| A1P026: Name | Jasper Tonen, Elisabeth Koops | Markus Paulsson | Simon Baum | Joni Mäkinen | Jingchun Shen | Elina Ekelund | Julien Holgard | Ozlem Senyol |
| A1P027: Organization | Municipality of Groningen | City of Lund | CENERO Energy GmbH | City of Espoo | Högskolan Dalarna | Citycon Oyj | Vilogia | Karsiyaka Municipality |
| A1P028: Affiliation | Municipality / Public Bodies | Municipality / Public Bodies | Other | Municipality / Public Bodies | Research Center / University | SME / Industry | Other | Municipality / Public Bodies |
| A1P028: Other | CENERO Energy GmbH | Social Housing Company | ||||||
| A1P029: Email | Jasper.tonen@groningen.nl | markus.paulsson@lund.se | sib@cenero.de | joni.makinen@espoo.fi | jih@du.se | Elina.ekelund@citycon.com | julien.holgard@vilogia.fr | ozlemkocaer2@gmail.com |
| Contact person for other special topics | ||||||||
| A1P030: Name | Eva Dalman | Simon Baum | Xingxing Zhang | Elina Ekelund | Julien Holgard | Hasan Burak Cavka | ||
| A1P031: Email | eva.dalman@lund.se | sib@cenero.de | xza@du.se | Elina.ekelund@citycon.com | julien.holgard@vilogia.fr | hasancavka@iyte.edu.tr | ||
| Pursuant to the General Data Protection Regulation | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| A2P001: Fields of application | ||||||||
| A2P001: Fields of application |
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| A2P001: Other | Walkability and biking | |||||||
| A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fields | ||||||||
| A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fields | Energy efficiency: - buildings energy retrofit supported by tax bonuses - replacing heat supply technologies Energy production: - installation of new (PV) systems for renewable on-site energy production; - presence of a large PV plant in the South East (2 solar parks: 12MW and 107MW) and North area (0,4 MW) Energy flexibility: - energy storage solutions, battery storage and possible hydrogen production - GRID balancing services E-mobility - Installation of new charging stations for electric vehicles; Urban Management - make use of the organizational structure Waste Management - circular use of municipal waste streams | LundaMaTs methodology for traffic and city planning. LundaEko - Lund's programme for ecological sustainability. Municipally owned land is sold to property developers on environmental conditions. | - Kera development commitment (https://www.espoo.fi/en/kera-development-commitment). - SPARCS Co-creation model for sustainable and smart urban areas (www.co-creatingsparcs.fi/en). - Kera area carbon neutrality roadmap (https://static.espoo.fi/cdn/ff/MHDdcMNJ9aYn7CjpoD4zNpo5M-M9HIDLXlJdUrUmf-8/1642756766/public/2022-01/Kera%20carbon%20neutrality%20map_EN.pdf) | Load calculation and system optimisation: City Energy Analyst Identification of stranded assets for asset owners and investors to understand the carbon risks: CRREM | Energy efficiency: - eliminating waste energy utilizing smart energy system - utilizing excess heat from grocery stores Energy flexibility: - A battery energy storage system (1,5 MW/1,5MWh); Active participation in Nordpool electricity market (FCR-N) Energy production: - heating and cooling from geothermal heat pump system; 171 energy wells (over 51 km); heat capacity 4 MW - installation of new photovoltaic (PV) systems for renewable on-site energy production; Estimation of annual production is about 540 MWh (630 kWp) E-mobility - Installation of charging stations for electric vehicles (for 134 EVs) - e-bike services (warm storage room, charging cabinets for e-bikes) Digital technologies: - Building Analytics system by Schneider Electric | Methods involve studying the feasibility of digital PED references for the case cities about their energy, environmental, and economic performance by EnergyPlus tool. In case of insufficient energy data and the need of high resolution data, ‘Gaussian mixture model and expectation-maximization algorithm’ and ‘time-series decomposition-recombination’ method will be used to supplement data to EnergyPlus. The feasibility results will be returned to stakeholders for iterative discussion, and the iterative results will be used to update digital references. Replication plans are developed based on such a cooperation process for strategies to implement PEDs. If a PED is demonstrated during the project period, the measured data will be used to verify the feasibility model to optimize previous results (WP7– R3 & R4). In the MAKING-CITY project, the overall PED design method is developed, which will be further optimised in this project. In addition, PED-ACT will use the methods and knowledge, including how to choose a suitable PED in a city, energy balance calculation, and technologies available for PED. The RUGGEDISED project outputs the governance model into the replication plan in PED-ACT. Its ‘smart city open-data decision platform’ will illustrate an excellent example for the database in PED-ACT. The IEA EBC Annex 83 and Cost Action 19126 create the basis for data collection, developing existing PED databases, characterization of PED, and review of regulations of PED, as well as development of simulation tools. The UBEM project further enables a detailed high-resolution energy balance calculation of PED. | ||
| A2P003: Application of ISO52000 | ||||||||
| A2P003: Application of ISO52000 | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | Yes | |
| A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balance | ||||||||
| A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balance | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balance | ||||||||
| A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balance | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | |
| A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculation | ||||||||
| A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculation | Mobility, till now, is not included in the energy model. | Today electrically charged vehicles are included in the energy balance. In the future also other fuels should be included. | Mobility is not included in the energy model. | Mobility is not included in the calculations. | ||||
| A2P007: Annual energy demand in buildings / Thermal demand | ||||||||
| A2P007: Annual energy demand in buildings / Thermal demand [GWh/annum] | 2.3 | 25 | 1.65 | 54.5 | 0.6777 | 5.5 | 3.862 | |
| A2P008: Annual energy demand in buildings / Electric Demand | ||||||||
| A2P008: Annual energy demand in buildings / Electric Demand [GWh/annum] | 0.33 | 30 | 19.4 | 0.03656 | 5.8 | 1.226 | ||
| A2P009: Annual energy demand for e-mobility | ||||||||
| A2P009: Annual energy demand for e-mobility [GWh/annum] | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| A2P010: Annual energy demand for urban infrastructure | ||||||||
| A2P010: Annual energy demand for urban infrastructure [GWh/annum] | 0 | |||||||
| A2P011: Annual renewable electricity production on-site during target year | ||||||||
| A2P011: PV | no | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
| A2P011: PV - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 4 | 0.54 | 1.028 | |||||
| A2P011: Wind | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: Wind - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P011: Hydro | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: Hydro - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P011: Biomass_el | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: Biomass_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P011: Biomass_peat_el | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: Biomass_peat_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P011: PVT_el | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P011: PVT_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0.01818 | |||||||
| A2P011: Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: Other - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P012: Annual renewable thermal production on-site during target year | ||||||||
| A2P012: Geothermal | yes | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| A2P012 - Geothermal: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 5 | |||||||
| A2P012: Solar Thermal | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Solar Thermal: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P012: Biomass_heat | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Biomass_heat: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0.1 | |||||||
| A2P012: Waste heat+HP | yes | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Waste heat+HP: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 200 | |||||||
| A2P012: Biomass_peat_heat | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Biomass_peat_heat: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P012: PVT_th | yes | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - PVT_th: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0.0825 | |||||||
| A2P012: Biomass_firewood_th | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Biomass_firewood_th: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P012: Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Other: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P013: Renewable resources on-site - Additional notes | ||||||||
| A2P013: Renewable resources on-site - Additional notes | Geothermal heatpump systems, Waste heat from data centers | Local energy utility will implement district level thermal solution. First, energy will be produced from waste heat from a local data center. Further thermal solutions are under discussion and development. | ||||||
| A2P014: Annual energy use | ||||||||
| A2P014: Annual energy use [GWh/annum] | 2.421 | 78.8 | 0.318 | 11.3 | 0.084 | 5.088 | ||
| A2P015: Annual energy delivered | ||||||||
| A2P015: Annual energy delivered [GWh/annum] | 15.4 | 0.2055 | 5.76 | 0.11 | ||||
| A2P016: Annual non-renewable electricity production on-site during target year | ||||||||
| A2P016: Annual non-renewable electricity production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
| A2P017: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year | ||||||||
| A2P017: Gas | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes |
| A2P017 - Gas: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | 0 | |||||||
| A2P017: Coal | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P017 - Coal: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | 0 | |||||||
| A2P017: Oil | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P017 - Oil: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | 0 | |||||||
| A2P017: Other | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P017 - Other: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | 0 | |||||||
| A2P018: Annual renewable electricity imports from outside the boundary during target year | ||||||||
| A2P018: PV | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | yes |
| A2P018 - PV: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | 0.707 | |||||||
| A2P018: Wind | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - Wind: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P018: Hydro | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - Hydro: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P018: Biomass_el | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - Biomass_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P018: Biomass_peat_el | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - Biomass_peat_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P018: PVT_el | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - PVT_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P018: Other | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | no | no |
| A2P018 - Other: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | 0.187 | 5.26 | ||||||
| A2P019: Annual renewable thermal imports from outside the boundary during target year | ||||||||
| A2P019: Geothermal | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Geothermal: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P019: Solar Thermal | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Solar Thermal: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P019: Biomass_heat | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Biomass_heat: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P019: Waste heat+HP | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Waste heat+HP: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P019: Biomass_peat_heat | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Biomass_peat_heat: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P019: PVT_th | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 PVT_th: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P019: Biomass_firewood_th | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Biomass_firewood_th: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||
| A2P019: Other | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Other: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0 | |||||||
| A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary | ||||||||
| A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.53839572192513 | 1.0532319391635 | 0 | 1.4540311173975 |
| A2P021: GHG-balance calculated for the PED | ||||||||
| A2P021: GHG-balance calculated for the PED [tCO2/annum] | 450000 | 6.93 | 0 | |||||
| A2P022: KPIs related to the PED case study / PED Lab | ||||||||
| A2P022: Safety & Security | none | |||||||
| A2P022: Health | thermal comfort diagram | |||||||
| A2P022: Education | none | |||||||
| A2P022: Mobility | Maximum 1/3 transport with car | none | ||||||
| A2P022: Energy | Local energy production 150% of energy need | apply | normalized CO2/GHG & Energy intensity | On-site energy ratio | ||||
| A2P022: Water | ||||||||
| A2P022: Economic development | cost of excess emissions | |||||||
| A2P022: Housing and Community | 50% rental apartments and 50% owner apartments | |||||||
| A2P022: Waste | ||||||||
| A2P022: Other | ||||||||
| A2P023: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Generation | ||||||||
| A2P023: Photovoltaics | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| A2P023: Solar thermal collectors | yes | yes | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Wind Turbines | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Geothermal energy system | yes | yes | no | no | yes | yes | no | no |
| A2P023: Waste heat recovery | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | no | no |
| A2P023: Waste to energy | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Polygeneration | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Co-generation | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Heat Pump | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | no | no | yes |
| A2P023: Hydrogen | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Hydropower plant | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Biomass | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Biogas | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Other | ||||||||
| A2P024: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Flexibility | ||||||||
| A2P024: A2P024: Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | no | no |
| A2P024: Energy management system | yes | yes | no | yes | no | yes | no | no |
| A2P024: Demand-side management | yes | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P024: Smart electricity grid | no | yes | no | yes | no | yes | no | no |
| A2P024: Thermal Storage | yes | yes | no | no | yes | yes | no | no |
| A2P024: Electric Storage | yes | yes | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| A2P024: District Heating and Cooling | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P024: Smart metering and demand-responsive control systems | yes | yes | no | no | no | no | yes | no |
| A2P024: P2P – buildings | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P024: Other | ||||||||
| A2P025: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Efficiency | ||||||||
| A2P025: Deep Retrofitting | no | no | no | no | yes | no | yes | yes |
| A2P025: Energy efficiency measures in historic buildings | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: High-performance new buildings | yes | yes | no | yes | no | yes | no | no |
| A2P025: Smart Public infrastructure (e.g. smart lighting) | yes | yes | no | yes | no | yes | no | no |
| A2P025: Urban data platforms | yes | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: Mobile applications for citizens | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: Building services (HVAC & Lighting) | no | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | no | yes |
| A2P025: Smart irrigation | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: Digital tracking for waste disposal | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: Smart surveillance | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: Other | ||||||||
| A2P026: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Mobility | ||||||||
| A2P026: Efficiency of vehicles (public and/or private) | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P026: Measures to reduce traffic volume (e.g. measure to support public transportation, shared mobility, measure to reduce journeys and distances) | no | yes | no | yes | no | yes | no | no |
| A2P026: e-Mobility | yes | yes | no | yes | no | yes | no | no |
| A2P026: Soft mobility infrastructures and last mile solutions | no | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P026: Car-free area | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P026: Other | Local transportation hub with direct connection to metro & bus terminal; parking spaces for 1,400 bicycles and for 1,300 cars Promoting e-Mobility: 134 charging stations, A technical reservation for expanding EV charging system 1400 bicycle racks and charging cabinets for 10 e-bicycle batteries | |||||||
| A2P027: Mobility strategies - Additional notes | ||||||||
| A2P027: Mobility strategies - Additional notes | Walkability | Test-Concept for bidirectional charging. | ||||||
| A2P028: Energy efficiency certificates | ||||||||
| A2P028: Energy efficiency certificates | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | No | No | |
| A2P028: If yes, please specify and/or enter notes | Energy Performance Certificate | Miljöbyggnad silver/guld | Energy Performance Certificate => Energy efficiency class B (2018 version) | |||||
| A2P029: Any other building / district certificates | ||||||||
| A2P029: Any other building / district certificates | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | ||
| A2P029: If yes, please specify and/or enter notes | LEED (Core & Shell, v4) GOLD certification, Smart Building certification (GOLD) | |||||||
| A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy | ||||||||
| A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy |
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| A3P002: Quantitative targets included in the city / national strategy | ||||||||
| A3P002: Quantitative targets included in the city / national strategy | City strategy: Net climate neutrality 2030 | The study aligns closely with the decarbonisation and energy reduction pathways of residential multi family buildings with 1.5°C global warming target in Sweden. This study will also contribute to the achievement of the carbon neturality of whole Borlänge city by 2030. | Relevant city strategies behind PED development in Espoo include the following: - The Espoo Story: Sustainability is heavily included within the values and goals of the current Espoo city strategy, also known as the Espoo Story, running from 2021 to 2025. For example, the strategy names being a responsible pioneer as one of the main values of the city and has chosen achieving carbon neutrality by 2030 as one of the main goals of the current council term. In addition to the Espoo story, four cross-administrative development programmes act as cooperation platforms that allow the city, together with its partners, to develop innovative solutions through experiments and pilot projects in line with the Espoo Story. The Sustainable Espoo development programme is one of the four programmes, thus putting sustainability on the forefront in city development work. - EU Mission: 100 climate-neutral and smart cities by 2030: Cities selected for the Mission commit to achieving carbon-neutrality in 2030. A key tool in the Mission is the Climate City Contract. Each selected city will prepare and implement its contracts in collaboration with local businesses as well as other stakeholders and residents. - Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy: Espoo is committed to the Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy, under which the signatories commit to supporting the European Union’s 40% greenhouse gas emission reduction goal by 2030. The Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan (SECAP) is a key instrument for implementing the agreement. The Action Plan outlines the key measures the city will take to achieve its carbon neutrality goal. The plan also includes a mapping of climate change risks and vulnerabilities, adaptation measures, emission calculations, emission reduction scenarios and impact estimations of measures. The SECAP of the City of Espoo is available here (only available in Finnish). - UN Sustainable development Goals: The city of Espoo has committed to becoming a forerunner and achieving the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) by 2025. The goal is to make Espoo financially, ecologically, socially, and culturally sustainable. - The Circular Cities Declaration: At the end of 2020, Espoo signed the Europe-wide circular economy commitment Circular Cities Declaration. The ten goals of the declaration promote the implementation of the city’s circular economy. - Espoo Clean Heat: Fortum and the City of Espoo are committed to producing carbon-neutral district heating in the network operating in the areas of Espoo, Kauniainen and Kirkkonummi during the 2020s. The district heating network provides heating to some 250,000 end-users in homes and offices. Coal will be completely abandoned in the production of district heating by 2025. The main targets related to PED development included in the noted city strategies are the following: - Espoo will achieve carbon neutrality by 2030. To be precise, this carbon neutrality goal is defined as an 80% emission reduction from the 1990 level by the year 2030. The remaining 20% share can be absorbed in carbon sinks or compensated by other means. - District heating in Espoo will be carbon-neutral by 2029, and coal-based production will be phased out from district heating by 2025. - Espoo aims to end the use of fossil fuels in the heating of city-owned buildings by 2025. - Quantitative goals within the Espoo SECAP report: - Espoo aims to reduce total energy consumption within the municipal sector by 7.5% by the end of 2025 in comparison to the 2015 level. The social housing company Espoon Asunnot OY aims to meet the same target. - Espoo aims to cover 10% of the energy consumption of new buildings via on-site production. - Espoo aims to raise the modal split of cycling to 15% by 2024. - Espoo aims to raise the modal split of public transport by 1.1% yearly. - Espoo aims to reduce the emissions of bus transport by 90% by the end of 2025, when compared to 2010 levels. | Karşıyaka Municipality is the first local government in Turkey to sign the Covenant of Mayors in 2011. During this period, the greenhouse gas inventory of the district was carried out three times and reduction targets were set for 2020 and 2030. In the 2021 Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan prepared as of the end of 2021, Karşıyaka Municipality has targeted a 40% reduction in its emissions for 2030 compared to the base year 2018. In the 2021 Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan, Karşıyaka Municipality aims to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions from 3.96 tCO2e / person in 2018 to 2.37 tCO2e / person in 2030. System solutions such as the use of renewable energy sources, air, ground or water source heat pump, cogeneration and microcogeneration are analysed by designers in order to fully or partially meet the energy requirements for heating, cooling, ventilation, hot water, electricity and lighting for all buildings with a floor area of less than 20,000 square metres. If at least 50% of the building's total energy consumption costs are covered by one or more of these applications, the points are taken in the assessment table in the Building and housing estate business certification guide of 2023. | ||||
| A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid | ||||||||
| A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid |
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| A3P003: Other | No gas grid in Brunnshög | |||||||
| A3P004: Identification of needs and priorities | ||||||||
| A3P004: Identification of needs and priorities | Local waste heat is utlized to a very large extent. More local electricity production is needed. Need to minimise the use of private cars. | In our project, we carried out a comprehensive exploration of strategies to achieve positive energy districts in a Swedish residential portfolio. The focus on urban energy transitions necessitates a holistic approach that integrates building retrofit, solar technology exploration, and heating supply optimisation. Exploration of Local Solar Sources: The analysis reveals varying solar irradiance resources throughout the year, emphasizing the importance of strategic placement. Integration of combined photovoltaic and thermal panels into building envelopes demonstrates the potential to cover a significant portion of the energy demand even in Sweden. Heating Supply Optimisation with Solar Technologies: Despite the surplus energy production from on-site solar technology, challenges arise due to temporal energy asymmetry. The introduction of heat pumps emerges as a feasible solution to balance energy gaps, utilising both rejected and free heat. Optimisation scenarios, utilising a combination of geothermal heat pumps, water source heat pumps, and PVT, showcase remarkable reductions in emissions and primary energy consumption. Urban Form and Energy Infrastructure Design: We realised the importance of returning to urban form and energy infrastructure design to optimise future residential portfolio potential. Building layout design, influenced by zoning regulations and innovative typologies, plays a crucial role in achieving district level energy efficiency. Future challenges, including demographic shifts, e-mobility, and climate change, necessitate a more holistic approach to energy infrastructure design, addressing not only heating and electricity demands but also cooling requirements. | - Citycon (developer and owner of Lippulaiva) aims to be carbon neutral in its energy use by 2030 - Lippulaiva is a unique urban centre with state-of-the-art energy concept. The centre has a smart managing system, which allows for example the temporary reduction of power used in air conditioning and charging stations when energy consumption is at its peak. In addition, a backup generator and a large electric battery will balance the operation of the electricity network. - Lippulaiva is also an important mobility hub for the people of Espoo. Espoonlahti metro station is located under the centre, and the West Metro started to operate to Espoonlahti in December 2022. Lippulaiva also has a bus terminal, which serves the metro’s feeder traffic in the Espoonlahti major district. | According to the model developed for the district, the electrification of heating and cooling is necessary.Therefore, there needs to be the implementation of a heat pump. The building-integrated photovoltaic panelsshould follow. Through net-metering practices, the district is expected to reach energy positivity throughthis scenario. | ||||
| A3P005: Sustainable behaviour | ||||||||
| A3P005: Sustainable behaviour | In Groningen we are working with different sustainable behaviours approaches and also developed the Unified Citizen Engagement Approach (UCEA). Currently, there are two different approaches in use in the municipality of Groningen: the District energy approach (Wijkgerichte aanpak, developed by the Municipality of Groningen) and the Cooperative approach (Coöperative Aanpak, developed by Grunneger Power). Based upon those approaches and knowledge that is gained through social research executed by TNO and HUAS the new Unified Citizen Engagement Approach (UCEA) has been developed. | Need to minimise the use of private cars. Need to provide efficient methods for sorce separated waste collection. | While our investigation primarily centres on technical optimisation within Positive Energy District (PED) development, it is essential to acknowledge the broader scope encompassing social and governance dimensions. Specifically, understanding stakeholders' willingness to embrace technical recommendations upon project completion is important. Several potential influencing factors merit exploration, including economic considerations, technical optimisation-associated embodied carbon balance, the general public's technical perceptions, and operational feasibility. Evaluating these aspects holistically not only enhances the efficacy of PED initiatives but also fosters greater acceptance and participation within the communities they serve. | For Citycon, it was important to engage local people within the Lippulaiva project. During the construction period as well as after opening of the shopping center, citizens have been engaged in multiple ways, such as informing local citizens of the progress of construction, engaging young people in the design processes of the shopping centre and long-term commitment of youngsters with Lippulaiva Buddy class initiative. Users’ engagement activities are conducted in close co-operation with SPARCS partners. | ||||
| A3P006: Economic strategies | ||||||||
| A3P006: Economic strategies |
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| A3P006: Other | Attractivenes | operational savings through efficiency measures | ||||||
| A3P007: Social models | ||||||||
| A3P007: Social models |
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| A3P007: Other | ||||||||
| A3P008: Integrated urban strategies | ||||||||
| A3P008: Integrated urban strategies |
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| A3P008: Other | ||||||||
| A3P009: Environmental strategies | ||||||||
| A3P009: Environmental strategies |
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| A3P009: Other | Positive Energy Balance for the demo site | Carbon free in terms of energy | ||||||
| A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspects | ||||||||
| A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspects | At national/regional/local level a legislation on PEDs development is not yet available in the Netherlands. There will be a new Environmental Act and Heat Act in the nearby future. We are working on a paper about the current legal barriers, which are in short for Groningen: Lack of legal certainty and clarity with regard to the energy legislation. Lack of coherence between policy and legislation from different ministries. The planned revision of the Dutch Heat Law prevents Groningen from effectively realizing sustainable heat transition plans and goals. Lack of capacity on the distribution grid for electricity | The municipality cannot demand a specific energy solution to private property owners. It has to be voluntary and market based solutions. | - Energy efficiency regulations (Directive 2006/32/EC and 2009/72/EC) - EU directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings => all new buildings should be “nearly zero-energy buildings” (nZEB) from 2021 | |||||
| B1P001: PED/PED relevant concept definition | ||||||||
| B1P001: PED/PED relevant concept definition | Vision: The city as a power plant. The ultimate goal is that more energy is produced within the distric boundaries than is being used (heating, electricity & mobility). Energy efficient buildings, efficient mobility, reuse of residual heat and solar electricity are the main methods. | Implementation of district level heating system to make heating energy positive and expanding local renewable electricity production. | The Rymdgatan's Residential Portfolio in Sweden presents a compelling case study for its classification as a PED-related research, given its alignment with sustainable behaviours and overarching PED development principles as follows: Inclusivity and Social Equity: The residential portfolio situated in Rymdgatan caters primarily to a low-income community. By focusing on this demographic, the project addresses critical aspects of social equity within sustainable urban development. Ensuring access to energy-efficient housing and amenities for economically disadvantaged populations not only fosters social cohesion but also mitigates energy poverty, a pressing concern in many urban contexts. Multifamily Residential Building: The inclusion of multifamily residential buildings within the portfolio underscores a commitment to density and efficient land use, both essential components of sustainable urban design. Such developments promote resource optimisation by consolidating housing units, thereby reducing per capita energy consumption and infrastructure demands. Moreover, multifamily dwellings often facilitate community engagement and shared resource management, fostering a culture of sustainability among residents. Low Carbon Retrofitting and Transition: The overarching initiative to transition the entire Jakobsgårdarna district. The included Rymdgatan portfolio, towards low carbon retrofitting, represents a significant example of decarbonization and climate resilience. By integrating energy-efficient technologies and renewable energy solutions into existing infrastructure, the project not only reduces carbon emissions but also serves as a blueprint for revitalising old urban environments sustainably. This holistic approach to retrofitting demonstrates a systemic commitment to environmental stewardship and long-term sustainability. Climate Adaptation and Renewable Energy Integration: Despite Sweden's climatic challenges, including lower solar resources during winter months, the Rymdgatan project leverages its geographical context to optimize renewable energy utilization. Sweden's greater solar resource availability during summer and geothermal potentials complement the design's emphasis on seasonal energy planning, where surplus energy generated during peak periods can be stored or redistributed efficiently. By embracing climate-responsive design strategies, the project demonstrates resilience in the face of climate variability while harnessing renewable energy potential effectively. | Lippulaiva is a project with high level goal in terms of energy efficiency, energy flexibility and energy production. | Refurbishment of social housing. The refurbishment complies with EnergieSprong specifications. This implies a performance of E=0 over 25 years. | The pilot area was selected on the basis of several criteria: its location within areas prioritised by Karşıyaka Municipality for combating climate change, compliance with the building regulations set out in the Green Building-Site-Operation (2023) guide, which are in line with Municipality's energy policy, the presence of open spaces that allow various applications for renewable energy, proximity to public facilities such as schools and municipal services, the availability of data on energy consumption (e.g. electricity and natural gas bills) and architectural features, the potential for community building, the suitability for solar energy systems, considering orientation and roof structure, and the potential for future building renovations. The aim of the initiative is to explore the feasibility of transforming the district into a Positive Energy District (PED). | ||
| B1P002: Motivation behind PED/PED relevant project development | ||||||||
| B1P002: Motivation behind PED/PED relevant project development | The aim is to build a sustainable city with minimal climate impact and maximum quality of life. PED is an important step to acheive the aims of a very ambitious city development. | Borlänge city has committed to become the carbon-neutral city by 2030. | - Citycon’s (developer and owner of Lippulaiva) target is to be carbon neutral by 2030 - Increasing sustainability requirements from the financing, tenants, cities, other stakeholders | Refurbishment of social housing | ||||
| B1P003: Environment of the case study area | ||||||||
| B2P003: Environment of the case study area | Urban area | Urban area | Urban area | Urban area | Suburban area | Urban area | ||
| B1P004: Type of district | ||||||||
| B2P004: Type of district |
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| B1P005: Case Study Context | ||||||||
| B1P005: Case Study Context |
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| B1P006: Year of construction | ||||||||
| B1P006: Year of construction | 1990 | 2022 | 1958 | 2005 | ||||
| B1P007: District population before intervention - Residential | ||||||||
| B1P007: District population before intervention - Residential | 0 | 100 | ||||||
| B1P008: District population after intervention - Residential | ||||||||
| B1P008: District population after intervention - Residential | 18000 | 14000 | 100 | |||||
| B1P009: District population before intervention - Non-residential | ||||||||
| B1P009: District population before intervention - Non-residential | 2000 | 6 | ||||||
| B1P010: District population after intervention - Non-residential | ||||||||
| B1P010: District population after intervention - Non-residential | 22000 | 10000 | 6 | |||||
| B1P011: Population density before intervention | ||||||||
| B1P011: Population density before intervention | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| B1P012: Population density after intervention | ||||||||
| B1P012: Population density after intervention | 0 | 0.026666666666667 | 0 | 0.041379310344828 | 0.010658622423328 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| B1P013: Building and Land Use before intervention | ||||||||
| B1P013: Residential | no | no | no | yes | yes | no | yes | yes |
| B1P013 - Residential: Specify the sqm [m²] | 4360 | 102795 | ||||||
| B1P013: Office | no | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Office: Specify the sqm [m²] | 60000 | |||||||
| B1P013: Industry and Utility | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Industry and Utility: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||
| B1P013: Commercial | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| B1P013 - Commercial: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||
| B1P013: Institutional | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Institutional: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||
| B1P013: Natural areas | no | yes | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| B1P013 - Natural areas: Specify the sqm [m²] | 2000000 | |||||||
| B1P013: Recreational | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Recreational: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||
| B1P013: Dismissed areas | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Dismissed areas: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||
| B1P013: Other | no | yes | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Other: Specify the sqm [m²] | Outdoor parking: 100000 | 706 | ||||||
| B1P014: Building and Land Use after intervention | ||||||||
| B1P014: Residential | no | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| B1P014 - Residential: Specify the sqm [m²] | 600000 | 4360 | 102795 | |||||
| B1P014: Office | no | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Office: Specify the sqm [m²] | 650000 | |||||||
| B1P014: Industry and Utility | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Industry and Utility: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||
| B1P014: Commercial | no | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | no |
| B1P014 - Commercial: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||
| B1P014: Institutional | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Institutional: Specify the sqm [m²] | 50000 | |||||||
| B1P014: Natural areas | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Natural areas: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||
| B1P014: Recreational | no | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Recreational: Specify the sqm [m²] | 400000 | |||||||
| B1P014: Dismissed areas | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Dismissed areas: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||
| B1P014: Other | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Other: Specify the sqm [m²] | 706 | |||||||
| B2P001: PED Lab concept definition | ||||||||
| B2P001: PED Lab concept definition | Groningen was selected as Lighthouse City for the MAKING-CITY project. MAKING-CITY is a 60-month Horizon 2020 project launched in December 2018. It aims to address and demonstrate the urban energy system transformation towards smart and low-carbon cities, based on the Positive Energy District (PED) concept. The PED operational models developed in MAKING-CITY will help European and other cities around the world to adopt a long-term City Vision 2050 for energy transition and sustainable urbanisation whilst turning citizens into actors of this transformation. Groningen works with two PED districts in two completely different neighbourhoods in terms of structure and buildings. This is why we see this as a lab: to see wat works and what doesn’t. In order to be able to implement this in the rest of the city. | |||||||
| B2P002: Installation life time | ||||||||
| B2P002: Installation life time | The MAKING-CITY project lasts from November 2018 – November 2023. By that time PED North and PED South East are a fact. | |||||||
| B2P003: Scale of action | ||||||||
| B2P003: Scale | District | |||||||
| B2P004: Operator of the installation | ||||||||
| B2P004: Operator of the installation | The Municipality of Groningen is Manager of the lab but works closely with other parties such as the university, university of applied sciences, research institute TNO and several other parties. | |||||||
| B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materials | ||||||||
| B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materials | Groningen does not have a strategy to reuse and recyle materials | |||||||
| B2P006: Circular Economy Approach | ||||||||
| B2P006: Do you apply any strategy to reuse and recycling the materials? | No | |||||||
| B2P006: Other | ||||||||
| B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab | ||||||||
| B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab |
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| B2P007: Other | ||||||||
| B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED Lab | ||||||||
| B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED Lab | Municipality | |||||||
| B2P008: Other | ||||||||
| B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab | ||||||||
| B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab |
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| B2P009: Other | research companies, monitoring company, ict company | |||||||
| B2P010: Synergies between the fields of activities | ||||||||
| B2P010: Synergies between the fields of activities | ||||||||
| B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab | ||||||||
| B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab |
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| B2P011: Other | ||||||||
| B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab | ||||||||
| B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab |
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| B2P013: Availability of the facilities for external people | ||||||||
| B2P013: Availability of the facilities for external people | ||||||||
| B2P014: Monitoring measures | ||||||||
| B2P014: Monitoring measures |
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| B2P015: Key Performance indicators | ||||||||
| B2P015: Key Performance indicators |
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| B2P016: Execution of operations | ||||||||
| B2P016: Execution of operations | ||||||||
| B2P017: Capacities | ||||||||
| B2P017: Capacities | ||||||||
| B2P018: Relations with stakeholders | ||||||||
| B2P018: Relations with stakeholders | ||||||||
| B2P019: Available tools | ||||||||
| B2P019: Available tools |
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| B2P019: Available tools | ||||||||
| B2P020: External accessibility | ||||||||
| B2P020: External accessibility | ||||||||
| C1P001: Unlocking Factors | ||||||||
| C1P001: Recent technological improvements for on-site RES production | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P001: Innovative, integrated, prefabricated packages for buildings envelope / Energy efficiency of building stock | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | |
| C1P001: Energy Communities, P2P, Prosumers concepts | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P001: Storage systems and E-mobility market penetration | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P001: Decreasing costs of innovative materials | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P001: Financial mechanisms to reduce costs and maximize benefits | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | |
| C1P001: The ability to predict Multiple Benefits | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | |
| C1P001: The ability to predict the distribution of benefits and impacts | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | |
| C1P001: Citizens improved awareness and engagement on sustainable energy issues (bottom-up) | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | |
| C1P001: Social acceptance (top-down) | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P001: Improved local and national policy frameworks (i.e. incentives, laws etc.) | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P001: Presence of integrated urban strategies and plans | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P001: Multidisciplinary approaches available for systemic integration | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | |
| C1P001: Availability of grants (from EC or other donors) to finance the PED Lab projects | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P001: Availability of RES on site (Local RES) | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P001: Ongoing or established collaboration on Public Private Partnership among key stakeholders | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P001: Any other UNLOCKING FACTORS | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P001: Any other UNLOCKING FACTORS (if any) | ||||||||
| C1P002: Driving Factors | ||||||||
| C1P002: Climate Change adaptation need | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P002: Climate Change mitigation need (local RES production and efficiency) | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P002: Rapid urbanization trend and need of urban expansions | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | |
| C1P002: Urban re-development of existing built environment | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | |
| C1P002: Economic growth need | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | |
| C1P002: Improved local environmental quality (air, noise, aesthetics, etc.) | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P002: Territorial and market attractiveness | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P002: Energy autonomy/independence | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P002: Any other DRIVING FACTOR | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P002: Any other DRIVING FACTOR (if any) | Earthquakes due to gas extraction | |||||||
| C1P003: Administrative barriers | ||||||||
| C1P003: Difficulty in the coordination of high number of partners and authorities | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | |
| C1P003: Lack of good cooperation and acceptance among partners | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | |
| C1P003: Lack of public participation | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P003: Lack of institutions/mechanisms to disseminate information | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | |
| C1P003:Long and complex procedures for authorization of project activities | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | |
| C1P003: Time consuming requirements by EC or other donors concerning reporting and accountancy | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P003: Complicated and non-comprehensive public procurement | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P003: Fragmented and or complex ownership structure | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P003: City administration & cross-sectoral attitude/approaches (silos) | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P003: Lack of internal capacities to support energy transition | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P003: Any other Administrative BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P003: Any other Administrative BARRIER (if any) | ||||||||
| C1P004: Policy barriers | ||||||||
| C1P004: Lack of long-term and consistent energy plans and policies | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P004: Lacking or fragmented local political commitment and support on the long term | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | |
| C1P004: Lack of Cooperation & support between national-regional-local entities | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P004: Any other Political BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P004: Any other Political BARRIER (if any) | ||||||||
| C1P005: Legal and Regulatory barriers | ||||||||
| C1P005: Inadequate regulations for new technologies | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P005: Regulatory instability | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P005: Non-effective regulations | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P005: Unfavorable local regulations for innovative technologies | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P005: Building code and land-use planning hindering innovative technologies | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P005: Insufficient or insecure financial incentives | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | |
| C1P005: Unresolved privacy concerns and limiting nature of privacy protection regulation | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | |
| C1P005: Shortage of proven and tested solutions and examples | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | |
| C1P005: Any other Legal and Regulatory BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P005: Any other Legal and Regulatory BARRIER (if any) | ||||||||
| C1P006: Environmental barriers | ||||||||
| C1P006: Environmental barriers | ? | 2 - Slightly important | - Climate Variability: 5 - Topographical Constraints: 4 - Sunlight Availability: 5 - Environmental Regulations: 3 - Zoning Restrictions: 2 - Air and Water Pollution: 2 - Natural Disasters: 1 - Water Scarcity: 1 | |||||
| C1P007: Technical barriers | ||||||||
| C1P007: Lack of skilled and trained personnel | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P007: Deficient planning | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | |
| C1P007: Retrofitting work in dwellings in occupied state | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P007: Lack of well-defined process | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | |
| C1P007: Inaccuracy in energy modelling and simulation | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P007: Lack/cost of computational scalability | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | |
| C1P007: Grid congestion, grid instability | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | |
| C1P007: Negative effects of project intervention on the natural environment | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | |
| C1P007: Energy retrofitting work in dense and/or historical urban environment | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | |
| C1P007: Difficult definition of system boundaries | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | |
| C1P007: Any other Thecnical BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P007: Any other Thecnical BARRIER (if any) | ||||||||
| C1P008: Social and Cultural barriers | ||||||||
| C1P008: Inertia | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P008: Lack of values and interest in energy optimization measurements | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | |
| C1P008: Low acceptance of new projects and technologies | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P008: Difficulty of finding and engaging relevant actors | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | |
| C1P008: Lack of trust beyond social network | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P008: Rebound effect | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards environmentalism | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | |
| C1P008: Exclusion of socially disadvantaged groups | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | |
| C1P008: Non-energy issues are more important and urgent for actors | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | |
| C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards energy collaboration | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | |
| C1P008: Any other Social BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P008: Any other Social BARRIER (if any) | ||||||||
| C1P009: Information and Awareness barriers | ||||||||
| C1P009: Insufficient information on the part of potential users and consumers | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | |
| C1P009: Perception of interventions as complicated and expensive, with negative socio-economic or environmental impacts | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | |
| C1P009: Lack of awareness among authorities | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | |
| C1P009: Information asymmetry causing power asymmetry of established actors | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | |
| C1P009: High costs of design, material, construction, and installation | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P009: Any other Information and Awareness BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P009: Any other Information and Awareness BARRIER (if any) | ||||||||
| C1P010: Financial barriers | ||||||||
| C1P010: Hidden costs | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | |
| C1P010: Insufficient external financial support and funding for project activities | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | |
| C1P010: Economic crisis | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P010: Risk and uncertainty | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | |
| C1P010: Lack of consolidated and tested business models | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | |
| C1P010: Limited access to capital and cost disincentives | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P010: Any other Financial BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P010: Any other Financial BARRIER (if any) | ||||||||
| C1P011: Market barriers | ||||||||
| C1P011: Split incentives | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P011: Energy price distortion | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | |
| C1P011: Energy market concentration, gatekeeper actors (DSOs) | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | |
| C1P011: Any other Market BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P011: Any other Market BARRIER (if any) | ||||||||
| C1P012: Stakeholders involved | ||||||||
| C1P012: Government/Public Authorities |
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| C1P012: Research & Innovation |
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| C1P012: Financial/Funding |
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| C1P012: Analyst, ICT and Big Data |
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| C1P012: Business process management |
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| C1P012: Urban Services providers |
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| C1P012: Real Estate developers |
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| C1P012: Design/Construction companies |
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| C1P012: End‐users/Occupants/Energy Citizens |
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| C1P012: Social/Civil Society/NGOs |
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| C1P012: Industry/SME/eCommerce |
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| C1P012: Other | ||||||||
| C1P012: Other (if any) | ||||||||
| Summary |
Authors (framework concept)
Beril Alpagut (Demir Energy); Giulia Turci (University of Bologna); Michal Kuzmic (Czech Technical University in Prague); Paolo Civiero (Università Roma Tre); Serena Pagliulia (University of Bologna); Oscar Seco (CIEMAT); Silvia Soutullo (CIEMAT); Daniele Vettorato (EURAC Research, IEA Annex 83); Bailador Ferreras M. Almudena (CIEMAT); Vicky Albert-Seifried (FHG ISE)
Contributors (to the content)
Laura Aelenei (LNEG), Nienke Maas (TNO), Savis Gohari (OsloMet), Andras Reith (ABUD), Ghazal Etminan (AIT), Maria-Beatrice Andreucci (Universita Sapienza), Francesco Reda (VTT, IEA Annex 83), Mari Hukkalainen (VTT), Judith-Borsboom (Locality), Gilda Massa (ENEA), Jelena Ziemele (University of Latvia), Nikola Pokorny (CVUT), Sergio Diaz de Garayo Balsategui (CENER, IEA Annex 83), Matthias Haaze (ZHAW, IEA Annex 83), Christoph Gollner (FFG, JPI UE), Silvia Bossi (ENEA, JPI UE), Christian Winzer (Zurich University of Applied Science), George Martinopoulos (Centre for Research and Technology Hellas), Maria Nuria Sánchez (CIEMAT), Angelina Tomova (Energy Agency of Plovdiv)
Implemented by
Boutik.pt: Filipe Martins, Jamal Khan
Marek Suchánek (Czech Technical University in Prague)
