| Name | Project | Type | Compare |
|---|---|---|---|
| Romania, Alba Iulia PED | ASCEND – Accelerate poSitive Clean ENergy Districts | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Romania, Alba Iulia PED | InterPED – INTERoperable cloud-based solution for cross-vector planning and management of Positive Energy Districts | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Munich, Harthof district | PED Case Study | Uncompare | |
| Lublin | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Roubaix, MustBe0 – Résidence Philippe le Hardi – 125 Rue d’Oran | CULTURAL-E – Climate and cultural-based solutions for Plus Energy Buildings | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Bærum, Eiksveien 116 | CULTURAL-E – Climate and cultural-based solutions for Plus Energy Buildings | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Findhorn, the Park | InterPED – INTERoperable cloud-based solution for cross-vector planning and management of Positive Energy Districts | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Amsterdam, Buiksloterham PED | ATELIER – AmsTErdam BiLbao cItizen drivEn smaRt cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Schönbühel-Aggsbach, Schönbühel an der Donau | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Umeå, Ålidhem district | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Aalborg East | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare | |
| Ankara, Çamlık District | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Trenčín | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Luxembourg, Betzdorf | LEGOFIT – Adaptable technological solutions based on early design actions for the construction and renovation of Energy Positive Homes | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Vantaa, Aviapolis | NEUTRALPATH – Pathway towards Climate-Neutrality through low risky and fully replicable Positive Clean Energy Districts | PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Vidin, Himik and Bononia | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Oslo, Verksbyen | Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Uden, Loopkantstraat | Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Zaragoza, Actur | NEUTRALPATH – Pathway towards Climate-Neutrality through low risky and fully replicable Positive Clean Energy Districts | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Aarhus, Brabrand | BIPED – Building Intelligent Positive Energy Districts | PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Riga, Ķīpsala, RTU smart student city | ExPEDite – Enabling Positive Energy Districts through Digital Twins | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Izmir, District of Karşıyaka | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Istanbul, Ozyegin University Campus | LEGOFIT – Adaptable technological solutions based on early design actions for the construction and renovation of Energy Positive Homes | PED Relevant Case Study | Uncompare |
| Espoo, Kera | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study | Uncompare |
| Borlänge, Rymdgatan’s Residential Portfolio | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Relevant Case Study | Uncompare |
| Freiburg, Waldsee | PED urban – Development of methods and tools for accounting, planning and operation of climate-neutral district | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Innsbruck, Campagne-Areal | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Graz, Reininghausgründe | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Stor-Elvdal, Campus Evenstad | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Relevant Case Study | Uncompare |
| Oulu, Kaukovainio | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Uncompare |
| Halmstad, Fyllinge | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Lund, Brunnshög district | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Vienna, Am Kempelenpark | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Évora, Portugal | POCITYF – A POsitive Energy CITY Transformation Framework | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Kladno, Sletiště (Sport Area), PED Winter Stadium | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Groningen, PED South | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Lab | Compare |
| Groningen, PED North | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Lab | |
| Maia, Sobreiro Social Housing | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Lab | Compare |
| Lubia (Soria), CEDER-CIEMAT | PED Lab | Compare | |
| Tampere, Ilokkaanpuisto district | STARDUST – Holistic and Integrated Urban Model for Smart Cities | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Leon, Former Sugar Factory district | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Istanbul, Kadikoy district, Caferaga | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Espoo, Leppävaara district, Sello center | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Espoo, Espoonlahti district, Lippulaiva block | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Case Study | Uncompare |
| Salzburg, Gneis district | Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet | Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Tartu, City centre area | SmartEnCity – Towards Smart Zero CO2 Cities across Europe | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Bologna, Pilastro-Roveri district | GRETA – GReen Energy Transition Actions | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Barcelona, SEILAB & Energy SmartLab | PED Lab | Uncompare | |
| Leipzig, Baumwollspinnerei district | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Kifissia, Energy community | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Title | Groningen, PED North | Barcelona, SEILAB & Energy SmartLab | City of Espoo, Espoonlahti district, Lippulaiva block | Stor-Elvdal, Campus Evenstad | Borlänge, Rymdgatan’s Residential Portfolio | Oulu, Kaukovainio | Espoo, Kera | Istanbul, Ozyegin University Campus | Munich, Harthof district |
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| A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED Lab | |||||||||
| A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED Lab | Groningen, PED North | Barcelona, SEILAB & Energy SmartLab | City of Espoo, Espoonlahti district, Lippulaiva block | Stor-Elvdal, Campus Evenstad | Borlänge, Rymdgatan’s Residential Portfolio | Oulu, Kaukovainio | Espoo, Kera | Istanbul, Ozyegin University Campus | Munich, Harthof district |
| A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet | |||||||||
| A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet |
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| A1P003: Categorisation of the PED site | |||||||||
| PED case study | no | no | yes | no | no | yes | yes | no | yes |
| PED relevant case study | no | no | no | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | no |
| PED Lab. | yes | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P004: Targets of the PED case study / PED Lab | |||||||||
| Climate neutrality | yes | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Annual energy surplus | yes | no | no | yes | yes | no | no | no | yes |
| Energy community | yes | yes | no | no | yes | no | no | no | yes |
| Circularity | yes | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | no | no |
| Air quality and urban comfort | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no |
| Electrification | no | yes | no | no | yes | yes | no | yes | no |
| Net-zero energy cost | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| Net-zero emission | yes | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| Self-sufficiency (energy autonomous) | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| Maximise self-sufficiency | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| Other | no | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | yes | no |
| Other (A1P004) | Green IT | Energy-flexibility | almost nZEB district | ||||||
| A1P005: Phase of the PED case study / PED Lab | |||||||||
| A1P005: Project Phase of your case study/PED Lab | Implementation Phase | In operation | In operation | In operation | Planning Phase | In operation | Planning Phase | Implementation Phase | Implementation Phase |
| A1P006: Start Date | |||||||||
| A1P006: Start date | 12/18 | 01/2011 | 06/18 | 01/13 | 01/15 | 10/24 | 01/23 | ||
| A1P007: End Date | |||||||||
| A1P007: End date | 12/23 | 02/2013 | 03/22 | 12/24 | 12/35 | 10/28 | 12/27 | ||
| A1P008: Reference Project | |||||||||
| A1P008: Reference Project | |||||||||
| A1P009: Data availability | |||||||||
| A1P009: Data availability |
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| A1P009: Other | |||||||||
| A1P010: Sources | |||||||||
| Any publication, link to website, deliverable referring to the PED/PED Lab |
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| A1P011: Geographic coordinates | |||||||||
| X Coordinate (longitude): | 6.535121 | 2.1 | 24.6543 | 11.078770773531746 | 15.394495 | 25.517595084093507 | 24.75377778 | 29.258300 | 11.569625059947604 |
| Y Coordinate (latitude): | 53.234846 | 41.3 | 60.1491 | 61.42604420399112 | 60.486609 | 64.99288098173132 | 60.21622222 | 41.030600 | 48.20436261275152 |
| A1P012: Country | |||||||||
| A1P012: Country | Netherlands | Spain | Finland | Norway | Sweden | Finland | Finland | Turkey | Germany |
| A1P013: City | |||||||||
| A1P013: City | Groningen | Barcelona and Tarragona | Espoo | Evenstad, Stor-Elvdal municipality | Borlänge | Oulu | Espoo | Istanbul | Munich |
| A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification) | |||||||||
| A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification). | Cfa | Csa | Dfb | Dwc | Dsb | Dfc | Dfb | Cfa | Cfb |
| A1P015: District boundary | |||||||||
| A1P015: District boundary | Functional | Virtual | Geographic | Geographic | Geographic | Geographic | Geographic | Geographic | |
| Other | Regional (close to virtual) | ||||||||
| A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab | |||||||||
| A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab: | Mixed | Public | Private | Public | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Private | Mixed |
| A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure | |||||||||
| A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure: | Multiple Owners | Single Owner | Single Owner | Single Owner | Single Owner | Single Owner | Multiple Owners | Single Owner | Multiple Owners |
| A1P018: Number of buildings in PED | |||||||||
| A1P018: Number of buildings in PED | 7 | 0 | 9 | 22 | 10 | 6 | 15 | 126 | |
| A1P019: Conditioned space | |||||||||
| A1P019: Conditioned space [m²] | 1.01 | 112000 | 10000 | 3700 | 19700 | 206 | |||
| A1P020: Total ground area | |||||||||
| A1P020: Total ground area [m²] | 17.132 | 165000 | 9945 | 60000 | 580000 | 285.400 | 560 | ||
| A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area | |||||||||
| A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| A1P022: Financial schemes | |||||||||
| A1P022a: Financing - PRIVATE - Real estate | yes | no | yes | no | no | yes | no | yes | no |
| A1P022a: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||||
| A1P022b: Financing - PRIVATE - ESCO scheme | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022b: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||||
| A1P022c: Financing - PRIVATE - Other | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022c: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||||
| A1P022d: Financing - PUBLIC - EU structural funding | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022d: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||||
| A1P022e: Financing - PUBLIC - National funding | yes | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022e: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||||
| A1P022f: Financing - PUBLIC - Regional funding | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022f: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||||
| A1P022g: Financing - PUBLIC - Municipal funding | yes | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | yes |
| A1P022g: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||||
| A1P022h: Financing - PUBLIC - Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022h: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||||
| A1P022i: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - EU | yes | no | yes | no | no | yes | no | yes | yes |
| A1P022i: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | 308875 | ||||||||
| A1P022j: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - National | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022j: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||||
| A1P022k: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - Local/regional | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022k: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||||
| A1P022l: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022l: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||||
| A1P022: Other | Multiple different funding schemes depending on the case. | ||||||||
| A1P023: Economic Targets | |||||||||
| A1P023: Economic Targets |
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| A1P023: Other | Developing and demonstrating new solutions | Circular economy | |||||||
| A1P024: More comments: | |||||||||
| A1P024: More comments: | Semi-Virtual Energy Integration Laboratory (SEILAB) The Energy Smart Lab is an infrastructure conceived as a flexible and versatile platform for innovative technological developments for both industry and competitive R+D projects. The areas of expertise of this laboratory pivot around the following technologies: – Power Electronics for the integration and control of the elements within a building or community: Renewable Energy Sources (RES), Energy Storage Systems and Electric Vehicles (EV) – ICT Platform for smart communications and energy management of systems, building, networks and communities. – Energy System Integration technologies for smart and flexible buildings and grids including RES and EV. The laboratory operation is based on the hardware emulation approach, which allows for real physical equipment to be operated under a broad range of scenarios without depending on the real occurrence of the boundary conditions suitable for the experimental validation. The laboratory is pioneer in addressing the concept and implementation of Microgrids and aims to become a leading experimental facility for improving the optimal development of Flexible Energy Buildings and Flexibility Aggregation. | The Espoonlahti district is located on the south-western coast of Espoo. With 56,000 inhabitants, it is the second largest of the Espoo city centres. The number of inhabitants is estimated to grow to 70,000 within the next 10 years. Espoonlahti will be a future transit hub of the south-western Espoo, along the metro line, and the increasing stream of passengers provides a huge potential for retail, business and residential developments. E-mobility solutions and last-mile services have strong potential in the area when subway extension is finished and running. The extensive (re)development of the Lippulaiva blocks make a benchmark catering to the everyday needs of residents. The completely new shopping centre is a state-of-the-art cross point with 20,000 daily customers and 10,000 daily commuters (3.5 million/year). The new underground metro line and station, and feeder line bus terminal, are fully integrated. Residential housing of approximately 550 new apartments will be built on top. Lippulaiva is a large traffic hub, directly connected to public transport and right next to the Länsiväylä highway and extensive cycle paths. Lippulaiva offers diverse, mixed-use services, such as a shopping mall, public services, a day care centre, residential apartment buildings, and underground parking facilities. Lippulaiva received the LEED Gold environmental certificate and Smart Building Gold certificate. • Flagship of sustainability • Cooling and heating demand from geothermal energy system (on-site) with energy storage system, 4 MW • PV panels: roof and façade, 630 kWp • Smart control strategies for electricity and thermal energy, smart microgrid-system and battery storage • Charging capacity for 134 EVs | In addition to having the most energy efficient academic building in Turkey, the university campus also has 3 buildings with LEED NC Campus certificate and LEED BD+C Gold certificate. In addition, it aims to continuously improve the energy efficiency objectives on campus in an innovative way. For this purpose, energy management and storage systems are being installed in the Dormitory 6 building, which is used as the demo area of the LEGOFIT project, for the purpose of turning it into a PED project. | ||||||
| A1P025: Estimated PED case study / PED LAB costs | |||||||||
| A1P025: Estimated PED case study / PED LAB costs [mil. EUR] | 5 | 1 | |||||||
| Contact person for general enquiries | |||||||||
| A1P026: Name | Jasper Tonen, Elisabeth Koops | Dr. Jaume Salom, Dra. Cristina Corchero | Elina Ekelund | Åse Lekang Sørensen | Jingchun Shen | Samuli Rinne | Joni Mäkinen | Cem Keskin | Stefan Synek |
| A1P027: Organization | Municipality of Groningen | IREC | Citycon Oyj | SINTEF / The Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods (ZEN) in Smart Cities | Högskolan Dalarna | City of Oulu | City of Espoo | Center for Energy, Environment and Economy, Ozyegin University | City of Munich |
| A1P028: Affiliation | Municipality / Public Bodies | Research Center / University | SME / Industry | Research Center / University | Research Center / University | Municipality / Public Bodies | Municipality / Public Bodies | Research Center / University | Municipality / Public Bodies |
| A1P028: Other | Andreas Bärnreuther | ||||||||
| A1P029: Email | Jasper.tonen@groningen.nl | Jsalom@irec.cat | Elina.ekelund@citycon.com | ase.sorensen@sintef.no | jih@du.se | samuli.rinne@ouka.fi | joni.makinen@espoo.fi | cem.keskin@ozyegin.edu.tr | stefan.synek@muenchen.de |
| Contact person for other special topics | |||||||||
| A1P030: Name | Elina Ekelund | Xingxing Zhang | Samuli Rinne | M. Pınar Mengüç | Stefan Synek | ||||
| A1P031: Email | Elina.ekelund@citycon.com | xza@du.se | samuli.rinne@ouka.fi | pinar.menguc@ozyegin.edu.tr | stefan.synek@muenchen.de | ||||
| Pursuant to the General Data Protection Regulation | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| A2P001: Fields of application | |||||||||
| A2P001: Fields of application |
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| A2P001: Other | |||||||||
| A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fields | |||||||||
| A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fields | Energy efficiency: - buildings energy retrofit supported by tax bonuses - replacing heat supply technologies Energy production: - installation of new (PV) systems for renewable on-site energy production; - presence of a large PV plant in the South East (2 solar parks: 12MW and 107MW) and North area (0,4 MW) Energy flexibility: - energy storage solutions, battery storage and possible hydrogen production - GRID balancing services E-mobility - Installation of new charging stations for electric vehicles; Urban Management - make use of the organizational structure Waste Management - circular use of municipal waste streams | Energy SmartLab capacities - Building simulation model: thermal inertia and thermal loads of a building or community can be co-simulated with a building model. – System Operator and Aggregator simulation models: the interaction with remote control actions carried out by electricity System Operators or flexibility Aggregators can be simulated as well. – Grid simulation model: the physical interaction of the building with the grid power supply can be simulated enabling the experimental validation of flexibility services to the network. Energy SmartLab systems - SAFT Li-ion battery: maximum stored energy 20000 Wh, rated power 150 kW, rated discharge current 200 A, rated charge current 34 A, operating voltage 189 V – 227 V – 254 V, capacity 82 Ah. – Ultracapacitors: maximum stored energy 57 Wh, rated power 10 kW, rated current 20 A, peak current (<1s) 200 Apk, operating voltage 250 V – 500 V, capacity 1,65 F. – Electric vehicle second life battery: maximum stored energy 23300 Wh, rated power 40 kW, rated current 150 A, operating voltage 240 V – 400 V, capacity 32 Ah - 5 microgrid emulators (emulated power 5.5 kVA, max generation connected 10kVA, max consumption connected 10 kVA) - 1 grid emulator (Rated power: 200 kVA, Rated current per phase: 350 A, Rated current per neutral conductor: 35) | Energy efficiency: - eliminating waste energy utilizing smart energy system - utilizing excess heat from grocery stores Energy flexibility: - A battery energy storage system (1,5 MW/1,5MWh); Active participation in Nordpool electricity market (FCR-N) Energy production: - heating and cooling from geothermal heat pump system; 171 energy wells (over 51 km); heat capacity 4 MW - installation of new photovoltaic (PV) systems for renewable on-site energy production; Estimation of annual production is about 540 MWh (630 kWp) E-mobility - Installation of charging stations for electric vehicles (for 134 EVs) - e-bike services (warm storage room, charging cabinets for e-bikes) Digital technologies: - Building Analytics system by Schneider Electric | Campus Evenstad is a small department at Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, with 220 students. The vision for Campus Evenstad is an energy-flexible Campus Evenstad in an emission-free Europe. The area consists of approx. 20 buildings managed and owned by Statsbygg; the Norwegian government’s building commissioner, property manager and developer. The oldest building is from the 1700-century and the newest is the administration centre (2017) which is a Zero Emission Building (ZEB) with the highest ambitions (ZEB-COM). Their concept has been to realize Campus Evenstad as an energy pilot, where innovative energy solutions are demonstrated, showing how local areas can become more self-sufficient in energy. The energy system at Evenstad consists of several innovative energy solutions that are new in a Norwegian and European context. They are combined in local infrastructure for electricity and heat, which has led to new knowledge and learning about how the solutions work together, and how the interaction is between the local and the national energy system. The solutions consist of solar cells (PV), solar collectors, combined heat and power plant (CHP) based on wood chips, biofuel boiler, electric boiler, grid connection, district heating, heat storage, stationary battery and bidirectional electric vehicle (EV) charging (V2G). Statsbygg has gained a lot of operational experience from Campus Evenstad - both from individual technologies and from the interaction between these, which benefits Statsbygg's 2,200 buildings and 3 million m2 around Norway. Sharing of experiences is central. Campus Evenstad is a pilot in the Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods (ZEN) in Smart Cities were several of the solutions has been developed and studied. | Load calculation and system optimisation: City Energy Analyst Identification of stranded assets for asset owners and investors to understand the carbon risks: CRREM | Different kinds of waste heat streams are utilized by heat pumps. These are district heating return water (actually this is an indirect way to cool down the flue gas in the scrubber), ventilation exhaust air and sewage water. As a normal case, in ventilation also air-to-air heat exchanges are used. PV power is harvested also, in vertical and more horizontal panels. Buildings are well insulated to decrease the needed amount of heating energy in the first place. | - Kera development commitment (https://www.espoo.fi/en/kera-development-commitment). - SPARCS Co-creation model for sustainable and smart urban areas (www.co-creatingsparcs.fi/en). - Kera area carbon neutrality roadmap (https://static.espoo.fi/cdn/ff/MHDdcMNJ9aYn7CjpoD4zNpo5M-M9HIDLXlJdUrUmf-8/1642756766/public/2022-01/Kera%20carbon%20neutrality%20map_EN.pdf) | LEED NC Campus + LEGOFIT Project Energy Efficiency: Tri- generation, Compliance with ISO 50001, ASHRAE 90.1, energy efficient appliances, HVAC and lighting Energy flexibility: Energy demand management Energy production: Solar PVs Onsite + (to be installed more) E-mobility: EV Charging stations Indoor Air Quality: Energy Management System, Compliance with ASHRAE 62.1, ASHRAE 55 Construction materials: Passive systems, LEED certified buildings, innovative materials such as PCM Waste Management: Zero waste document | |
| A2P003: Application of ISO52000 | |||||||||
| A2P003: Application of ISO52000 | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | Yes | ||
| A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balance | |||||||||
| A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balance | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balance | |||||||||
| A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balance | No | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No |
| A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculation | |||||||||
| A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculation | Mobility, till now, is not included in the energy model. | – Electric vehicle second life battery: maximum stored energy 23300 Wh, rated power 40 kW, rated current 150 A, operating voltage 240 V – 400 V, capacity 32 Ah | Mobility is not included in the energy model. | At Campus Evenstad there is infrastructure for EV charging and bidirectional charging (V2G). EV charging is included in the energy balance. | Not included. However, there is a charging place for a shared EV in one building. | Not included, the campus is a non car area except emergencies | |||
| A2P007: Annual energy demand in buildings / Thermal demand | |||||||||
| A2P007: Annual energy demand in buildings / Thermal demand [GWh/annum] | 2.3 | 5.5 | 0.77 | 0.6777 | 2.1 | 54.5 | |||
| A2P008: Annual energy demand in buildings / Electric Demand | |||||||||
| A2P008: Annual energy demand in buildings / Electric Demand [GWh/annum] | 0.33 | 5.8 | 0.76 | 0.03656 | 0.2 | 19.4 | |||
| A2P009: Annual energy demand for e-mobility | |||||||||
| A2P009: Annual energy demand for e-mobility [GWh/annum] | 0 | ||||||||
| A2P010: Annual energy demand for urban infrastructure | |||||||||
| A2P010: Annual energy demand for urban infrastructure [GWh/annum] | 0 | ||||||||
| A2P011: Annual renewable electricity production on-site during target year | |||||||||
| A2P011: PV | no | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| A2P011: PV - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0.54 | 0.065 | 0.1 | 4 | |||||
| A2P011: Wind | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: Wind - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P011: Hydro | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: Hydro - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P011: Biomass_el | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: Biomass_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0.050 | ||||||||
| A2P011: Biomass_peat_el | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: Biomass_peat_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P011: PVT_el | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: PVT_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0.01818 | ||||||||
| A2P011: Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: Other - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P012: Annual renewable thermal production on-site during target year | |||||||||
| A2P012: Geothermal | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Geothermal: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 5 | ||||||||
| A2P012: Solar Thermal | yes | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | yes |
| A2P012 - Solar Thermal: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0.045 | ||||||||
| A2P012: Biomass_heat | yes | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Biomass_heat: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0.1 | 0.35 | |||||||
| A2P012: Waste heat+HP | yes | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | no | no |
| A2P012 - Waste heat+HP: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 2.2 | ||||||||
| A2P012: Biomass_peat_heat | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Biomass_peat_heat: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P012: PVT_th | yes | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - PVT_th: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0.0825 | ||||||||
| A2P012: Biomass_firewood_th | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Biomass_firewood_th: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P012: Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Other: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P013: Renewable resources on-site - Additional notes | |||||||||
| A2P013: Renewable resources on-site - Additional notes | Geothermal heatpump systems, Waste heat from data centers | Listed values are measurements from 2018. Renewable energy share is increasing. | Heat is produced from DH return, refrigeration and exhaust air. The mentioned 2200 MWh/a includes HP el. consumption (about 1/6 of that) | Local energy utility will implement district level thermal solution. First, energy will be produced from waste heat from a local data center. Further thermal solutions are under discussion and development. | |||||
| A2P014: Annual energy use | |||||||||
| A2P014: Annual energy use [GWh/annum] | 11.3 | 1.500 | 0.318 | 2.3 | 78.8 | 3.5 | |||
| A2P015: Annual energy delivered | |||||||||
| A2P015: Annual energy delivered [GWh/annum] | 5.76 | 1 | 0.2055 | 15.4 | |||||
| A2P016: Annual non-renewable electricity production on-site during target year | |||||||||
| A2P016: Annual non-renewable electricity production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||||
| A2P017: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year | |||||||||
| A2P017: Gas | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes |
| A2P017 - Gas: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | 0 | ||||||||
| A2P017: Coal | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P017 - Coal: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | 0 | ||||||||
| A2P017: Oil | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes |
| A2P017 - Oil: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | 0 | ||||||||
| A2P017: Other | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P017 - Other: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | 0 | ||||||||
| A2P018: Annual renewable electricity imports from outside the boundary during target year | |||||||||
| A2P018: PV | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | yes | yes |
| A2P018 - PV: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | 0.00045547 | ||||||||
| A2P018: Wind | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | yes |
| A2P018 - Wind: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P018: Hydro | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - Hydro: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P018: Biomass_el | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | yes |
| A2P018 - Biomass_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P018: Biomass_peat_el | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | yes |
| A2P018 - Biomass_peat_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P018: PVT_el | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes |
| A2P018 - PVT_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P018: Other | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - Other: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | 5.26 | 0.187 | |||||||
| A2P019: Annual renewable thermal imports from outside the boundary during target year | |||||||||
| A2P019: Geothermal | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes |
| A2P019 Geothermal: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P019: Solar Thermal | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Solar Thermal: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P019: Biomass_heat | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | yes |
| A2P019 Biomass_heat: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0.7 | ||||||||
| A2P019: Waste heat+HP | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes |
| A2P019 Waste heat+HP: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P019: Biomass_peat_heat | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Biomass_peat_heat: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P019: PVT_th | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 PVT_th: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P019: Biomass_firewood_th | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Biomass_firewood_th: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||||
| A2P019: Other | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Other: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0 | ||||||||
| A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary | |||||||||
| A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary | 0 | 0 | 1.0532319391635 | 0 | 0.53839572192513 | 3.2857142857143 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| A2P021: GHG-balance calculated for the PED | |||||||||
| A2P021: GHG-balance calculated for the PED [tCO2/annum] | 0 | 6.93 | 0 | 450000 | |||||
| A2P022: KPIs related to the PED case study / PED Lab | |||||||||
| A2P022: Safety & Security | none | ||||||||
| A2P022: Health | thermal comfort diagram | Encouraging a healthy lifestyle | |||||||
| A2P022: Education | none | ||||||||
| A2P022: Mobility | none | Modal Split, Fuel mix in mobility, Energy use for transportation, Access to public transport, Public infrastructure promoting low-carbon mobility, Number of public EV charging stations, Energy delivered for EV charging | |||||||
| A2P022: Energy | On-site energy ratio | normalized CO2/GHG & Energy intensity | Final energy consumption, Primary energy consumption, Energy imported to PED, Energy exported from PED, RES production, PED energy balance, Energy savings in the PED, GHG emissions, Reduction of emissions, Final energy consumption per capita, Primary energy consumption per capita, Primary energy sources (shares), Buildings connected to DH-network or renewable energy grid, GHG emissions per capita, System flexibility for energy players, RES storage usage, Peak load reduction | Energy | |||||
| A2P022: Water | |||||||||
| A2P022: Economic development | cost of excess emissions | Total investments, Payback time, Economic value of savings | |||||||
| A2P022: Housing and Community | Development of housing prices, Housing cost overburden rate, Citizen engagement/empowerment to climate conscious actions, Inhabitants in dense areas, Energy poverty | ||||||||
| A2P022: Waste | Recycling rate | ||||||||
| A2P022: Other | Smart Cities strategies, Quality of open data | ||||||||
| A2P023: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Generation | |||||||||
| A2P023: Photovoltaics | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| A2P023: Solar thermal collectors | yes | no | no | yes | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Wind Turbines | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no |
| A2P023: Geothermal energy system | yes | no | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | yes |
| A2P023: Waste heat recovery | yes | no | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | no | no |
| A2P023: Waste to energy | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Polygeneration | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Co-generation | no | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | yes | no |
| A2P023: Heat Pump | yes | no | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| A2P023: Hydrogen | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Hydropower plant | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Biomass | no | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Biogas | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Other | The Co-generation is biomass based. | ||||||||
| A2P024: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Flexibility | |||||||||
| A2P024: A2P024: Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| A2P024: Energy management system | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| A2P024: Demand-side management | yes | no | no | yes | no | no | yes | yes | no |
| A2P024: Smart electricity grid | no | yes | yes | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| A2P024: Thermal Storage | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | no | yes |
| A2P024: Electric Storage | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | no | no | yes | yes |
| A2P024: District Heating and Cooling | yes | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| A2P024: Smart metering and demand-responsive control systems | yes | no | no | yes | no | no | no | yes | yes |
| A2P024: P2P – buildings | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P024: Other | Bidirectional electric vehicle (EV) charging (V2G) | ||||||||
| A2P025: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Efficiency | |||||||||
| A2P025: Deep Retrofitting | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | no | no | yes |
| A2P025: Energy efficiency measures in historic buildings | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: High-performance new buildings | yes | no | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | no |
| A2P025: Smart Public infrastructure (e.g. smart lighting) | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| A2P025: Urban data platforms | yes | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | no | yes |
| A2P025: Mobile applications for citizens | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: Building services (HVAC & Lighting) | no | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | no |
| A2P025: Smart irrigation | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no |
| A2P025: Digital tracking for waste disposal | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: Smart surveillance | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no |
| A2P025: Other | |||||||||
| A2P026: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Mobility | |||||||||
| A2P026: Efficiency of vehicles (public and/or private) | no | yes | no | no | no | yes | yes | no | no |
| A2P026: Measures to reduce traffic volume (e.g. measure to support public transportation, shared mobility, measure to reduce journeys and distances) | no | no | yes | no | no | yes | yes | no | no |
| A2P026: e-Mobility | yes | no | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| A2P026: Soft mobility infrastructures and last mile solutions | no | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| A2P026: Car-free area | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no |
| A2P026: Other | Local transportation hub with direct connection to metro & bus terminal; parking spaces for 1,400 bicycles and for 1,300 cars Promoting e-Mobility: 134 charging stations, A technical reservation for expanding EV charging system 1400 bicycle racks and charging cabinets for 10 e-bicycle batteries | ||||||||
| A2P027: Mobility strategies - Additional notes | |||||||||
| A2P027: Mobility strategies - Additional notes | |||||||||
| A2P028: Energy efficiency certificates | |||||||||
| A2P028: Energy efficiency certificates | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | |
| A2P028: If yes, please specify and/or enter notes | Energy Performance Certificate | Energy Performance Certificate => Energy efficiency class B (2018 version) | Passive house (2 buildings, 4 200 m2, from 2015) | The obligatory buildijng energy classification | |||||
| A2P029: Any other building / district certificates | |||||||||
| A2P029: Any other building / district certificates | Yes | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | |||
| A2P029: If yes, please specify and/or enter notes | LEED (Core & Shell, v4) GOLD certification, Smart Building certification (GOLD) | Zero Emission Building (ZEB) with the highest ambitions (ZEB-COM) (admin building, 1 141 m2, 2016) | LEED BD+C, LEED NC CAMPUS | ||||||
| A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy | |||||||||
| A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy |
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| A3P002: Quantitative targets included in the city / national strategy | |||||||||
| A3P002: Quantitative targets included in the city / national strategy | Relevant city strategies behind PED development in Espoo include the following: - The Espoo Story: Sustainability is heavily included within the values and goals of the current Espoo city strategy, also known as the Espoo Story, running from 2021 to 2025. For example, the strategy names being a responsible pioneer as one of the main values of the city and has chosen achieving carbon neutrality by 2030 as one of the main goals of the current council term. In addition to the Espoo story, four cross-administrative development programmes act as cooperation platforms that allow the city, together with its partners, to develop innovative solutions through experiments and pilot projects in line with the Espoo Story. The Sustainable Espoo development programme is one of the four programmes, thus putting sustainability on the forefront in city development work. - EU Mission: 100 climate-neutral and smart cities by 2030: Cities selected for the Mission commit to achieving carbon-neutrality in 2030. A key tool in the Mission is the Climate City Contract. Each selected city will prepare and implement its contracts in collaboration with local businesses as well as other stakeholders and residents. - Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy: Espoo is committed to the Covenant of Mayors for Climate and Energy, under which the signatories commit to supporting the European Union’s 40% greenhouse gas emission reduction goal by 2030. The Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan (SECAP) is a key instrument for implementing the agreement. The Action Plan outlines the key measures the city will take to achieve its carbon neutrality goal. The plan also includes a mapping of climate change risks and vulnerabilities, adaptation measures, emission calculations, emission reduction scenarios and impact estimations of measures. The SECAP of the City of Espoo is available here (only available in Finnish). - UN Sustainable development Goals: The city of Espoo has committed to becoming a forerunner and achieving the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) by 2025. The goal is to make Espoo financially, ecologically, socially, and culturally sustainable. - The Circular Cities Declaration: At the end of 2020, Espoo signed the Europe-wide circular economy commitment Circular Cities Declaration. The ten goals of the declaration promote the implementation of the city’s circular economy. - Espoo Clean Heat: Fortum and the City of Espoo are committed to producing carbon-neutral district heating in the network operating in the areas of Espoo, Kauniainen and Kirkkonummi during the 2020s. The district heating network provides heating to some 250,000 end-users in homes and offices. Coal will be completely abandoned in the production of district heating by 2025. The main targets related to PED development included in the noted city strategies are the following: - Espoo will achieve carbon neutrality by 2030. To be precise, this carbon neutrality goal is defined as an 80% emission reduction from the 1990 level by the year 2030. The remaining 20% share can be absorbed in carbon sinks or compensated by other means. - District heating in Espoo will be carbon-neutral by 2029, and coal-based production will be phased out from district heating by 2025. - Espoo aims to end the use of fossil fuels in the heating of city-owned buildings by 2025. - Quantitative goals within the Espoo SECAP report: - Espoo aims to reduce total energy consumption within the municipal sector by 7.5% by the end of 2025 in comparison to the 2015 level. The social housing company Espoon Asunnot OY aims to meet the same target. - Espoo aims to cover 10% of the energy consumption of new buildings via on-site production. - Espoo aims to raise the modal split of cycling to 15% by 2024. - Espoo aims to raise the modal split of public transport by 1.1% yearly. - Espoo aims to reduce the emissions of bus transport by 90% by the end of 2025, when compared to 2010 levels. | The study aligns closely with the decarbonisation and energy reduction pathways of residential multi family buildings with 1.5°C global warming target in Sweden. This study will also contribute to the achievement of the carbon neturality of whole Borlänge city by 2030. | Carbon neutrality by 2035 | City wide climate neutrality by 2035, city administration climate neutrality by 2030 | |||||
| A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid | |||||||||
| A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid |
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| A3P003: Other | Boiler Automation, Energy Management System, Electric Battery Storage, Demand Management and Flexible Pricing | ||||||||
| A3P004: Identification of needs and priorities | |||||||||
| A3P004: Identification of needs and priorities | -Allows for real physical equipment to be operated under a broad range of scenarios without depending on the real occurrence of the boundary conditions suitable for the experimental validation -Pioneer in addressing the concept and implementation of Microgrids and aims to become a leading experimental facility for improving the optimal development of Flexible Energy Buildings and Flexibility Aggregation. | - Citycon (developer and owner of Lippulaiva) aims to be carbon neutral in its energy use by 2030 - Lippulaiva is a unique urban centre with state-of-the-art energy concept. The centre has a smart managing system, which allows for example the temporary reduction of power used in air conditioning and charging stations when energy consumption is at its peak. In addition, a backup generator and a large electric battery will balance the operation of the electricity network. - Lippulaiva is also an important mobility hub for the people of Espoo. Espoonlahti metro station is located under the centre, and the West Metro started to operate to Espoonlahti in December 2022. Lippulaiva also has a bus terminal, which serves the metro’s feeder traffic in the Espoonlahti major district. | In our project, we carried out a comprehensive exploration of strategies to achieve positive energy districts in a Swedish residential portfolio. The focus on urban energy transitions necessitates a holistic approach that integrates building retrofit, solar technology exploration, and heating supply optimisation. Exploration of Local Solar Sources: The analysis reveals varying solar irradiance resources throughout the year, emphasizing the importance of strategic placement. Integration of combined photovoltaic and thermal panels into building envelopes demonstrates the potential to cover a significant portion of the energy demand even in Sweden. Heating Supply Optimisation with Solar Technologies: Despite the surplus energy production from on-site solar technology, challenges arise due to temporal energy asymmetry. The introduction of heat pumps emerges as a feasible solution to balance energy gaps, utilising both rejected and free heat. Optimisation scenarios, utilising a combination of geothermal heat pumps, water source heat pumps, and PVT, showcase remarkable reductions in emissions and primary energy consumption. Urban Form and Energy Infrastructure Design: We realised the importance of returning to urban form and energy infrastructure design to optimise future residential portfolio potential. Building layout design, influenced by zoning regulations and innovative typologies, plays a crucial role in achieving district level energy efficiency. Future challenges, including demographic shifts, e-mobility, and climate change, necessitate a more holistic approach to energy infrastructure design, addressing not only heating and electricity demands but also cooling requirements. | Developing and demonstrating solutions for carbon neutrality | Carbon and Energy Neutrality | ||||
| A3P005: Sustainable behaviour | |||||||||
| A3P005: Sustainable behaviour | In Groningen we are working with different sustainable behaviours approaches and also developed the Unified Citizen Engagement Approach (UCEA). Currently, there are two different approaches in use in the municipality of Groningen: the District energy approach (Wijkgerichte aanpak, developed by the Municipality of Groningen) and the Cooperative approach (Coöperative Aanpak, developed by Grunneger Power). Based upon those approaches and knowledge that is gained through social research executed by TNO and HUAS the new Unified Citizen Engagement Approach (UCEA) has been developed. | -Improving the development of Net Zero Energy Buildings and Flexible Energy buildings. | For Citycon, it was important to engage local people within the Lippulaiva project. During the construction period as well as after opening of the shopping center, citizens have been engaged in multiple ways, such as informing local citizens of the progress of construction, engaging young people in the design processes of the shopping centre and long-term commitment of youngsters with Lippulaiva Buddy class initiative. Users’ engagement activities are conducted in close co-operation with SPARCS partners. | While our investigation primarily centres on technical optimisation within Positive Energy District (PED) development, it is essential to acknowledge the broader scope encompassing social and governance dimensions. Specifically, understanding stakeholders' willingness to embrace technical recommendations upon project completion is important. Several potential influencing factors merit exploration, including economic considerations, technical optimisation-associated embodied carbon balance, the general public's technical perceptions, and operational feasibility. Evaluating these aspects holistically not only enhances the efficacy of PED initiatives but also fosters greater acceptance and participation within the communities they serve. | E. g. visualizing energy and water consumption | Under LEGOFIT project, promoting sustainable behavior for better occupant experience is a targeted aim under a work package. | |||
| A3P006: Economic strategies | |||||||||
| A3P006: Economic strategies |
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| A3P006: Other | |||||||||
| A3P007: Social models | |||||||||
| A3P007: Social models |
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| A3P007: Other | Campus Evenstad is a small department at Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, with 220 students. Sharing knowledge is essential: Evenstad has regular visits from Politicians, decision-makers, researchers, environmental organizations, and energy- and building companies. | ||||||||
| A3P008: Integrated urban strategies | |||||||||
| A3P008: Integrated urban strategies |
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| A3P008: Other | |||||||||
| A3P009: Environmental strategies | |||||||||
| A3P009: Environmental strategies |
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| A3P009: Other | Carbon free in terms of energy | ||||||||
| A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspects | |||||||||
| A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspects | At national/regional/local level a legislation on PEDs development is not yet available in the Netherlands. There will be a new Environmental Act and Heat Act in the nearby future. We are working on a paper about the current legal barriers, which are in short for Groningen: Lack of legal certainty and clarity with regard to the energy legislation. Lack of coherence between policy and legislation from different ministries. The planned revision of the Dutch Heat Law prevents Groningen from effectively realizing sustainable heat transition plans and goals. Lack of capacity on the distribution grid for electricity | - European Commission has legislated on Energy Community (‘Renewable energy’ directive - 2018/2001/EU and ‘Common rules for the internal electricity market’ directive- 2019/944/EU). - Spanish building certification is regulated through Royal Decree 235/2013. | - Energy efficiency regulations (Directive 2006/32/EC and 2009/72/EC) - EU directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings => all new buildings should be “nearly zero-energy buildings” (nZEB) from 2021 | Campus Evenstad became a prosumer in 2016, as the first with DSO Eidsiva. Evenstad is also one of the first three PV systems in Norway to receive green certificates. | ISO 45001, ISO 14001, ISO 50001, Zero Waste Policy | decision by the Munich City Council in 2019 to become climate neutral by 2030 / 2035 | |||
| B1P001: PED/PED relevant concept definition | |||||||||
| B1P001: PED/PED relevant concept definition | Lippulaiva is a project with high level goal in terms of energy efficiency, energy flexibility and energy production. | The biggest impact is the demonstration of several new energy solutions for local communities. Statsbygg/Campus Evenstad contributes to the development of innovations, pushing technological development through purchasing and demonstration of the solutions. This is a benefit for both end users, energy service providers and society at large. Evenstad also contribute to developing the local business community. For example, local biomass chip production for CHP, development of V2G-software etc. Several key solutions have been important when aiming to achieve the goals of reduced emissions, increased self-sufficiency in energy, and an energy-flexible campus. Example Vehicle-to-grid (V2G): We realized bidirectional EV charging at Campus Evenstad in 2019, demonstrating V2G for the first time in Norway. The experiences from Evenstad provide increased knowledge and practical experience from purchasing, installing and operating the V2G solution, and can contribute to creating new solutions within the energy system. With the equipment installed, the batteries in EVs can supply power back to buildings or the power grid. Example solar cells (PV): We installed PV in 2013 when there were only a few grid-connected PV systems in Norway. The PV system was an important piece in changing the view on solar energy in Norway, where businesses, the public sector and private individuals started seeing the potential for solar energy also this far north. In 2022, the PV system was expanded with PV cells on the facade of the energy center. Example Solar collector system: Covers 100m2 of the roof surface of dormitories and supplies supplies 117 dormitories with all the hot water they need (4000m2 floor area. The solar collector system is connected to the district heating system, where the main heat source is bioenergy. Solar energy and bioenergy complement each other at different times of the year. Example battery bank: Among the 5 largest electrical batteries in Norway connected to the grid. Example CHP: First of its kind in Norway, generating heat and electricity from biomass. Already in 2010, fossil fuels were phased out by converting from oil to wood-chip heating. | The Rymdgatan's Residential Portfolio in Sweden presents a compelling case study for its classification as a PED-related research, given its alignment with sustainable behaviours and overarching PED development principles as follows: Inclusivity and Social Equity: The residential portfolio situated in Rymdgatan caters primarily to a low-income community. By focusing on this demographic, the project addresses critical aspects of social equity within sustainable urban development. Ensuring access to energy-efficient housing and amenities for economically disadvantaged populations not only fosters social cohesion but also mitigates energy poverty, a pressing concern in many urban contexts. Multifamily Residential Building: The inclusion of multifamily residential buildings within the portfolio underscores a commitment to density and efficient land use, both essential components of sustainable urban design. Such developments promote resource optimisation by consolidating housing units, thereby reducing per capita energy consumption and infrastructure demands. Moreover, multifamily dwellings often facilitate community engagement and shared resource management, fostering a culture of sustainability among residents. Low Carbon Retrofitting and Transition: The overarching initiative to transition the entire Jakobsgårdarna district. The included Rymdgatan portfolio, towards low carbon retrofitting, represents a significant example of decarbonization and climate resilience. By integrating energy-efficient technologies and renewable energy solutions into existing infrastructure, the project not only reduces carbon emissions but also serves as a blueprint for revitalising old urban environments sustainably. This holistic approach to retrofitting demonstrates a systemic commitment to environmental stewardship and long-term sustainability. Climate Adaptation and Renewable Energy Integration: Despite Sweden's climatic challenges, including lower solar resources during winter months, the Rymdgatan project leverages its geographical context to optimize renewable energy utilization. Sweden's greater solar resource availability during summer and geothermal potentials complement the design's emphasis on seasonal energy planning, where surplus energy generated during peak periods can be stored or redistributed efficiently. By embracing climate-responsive design strategies, the project demonstrates resilience in the face of climate variability while harnessing renewable energy potential effectively. | The original idea is that the area produces at least as much it consumes. | Implementation of district level heating system to make heating energy positive and expanding local renewable electricity production. | The campus should be considered a PED case study due to its exemplary commitment to sustainability and energy efficiency, as evidenced by several of its buildings achieving LEED certification. This certification underscores the campus's adherence to rigorous environmental standards and its proactive steps towards reducing carbon footprints. Also, the integration of sustainable practices across the campus aligns with the PED framework, which aims to create urban areas that produce more energy than they consume. Therefore, this campus serves as a model of how educational institutions can lead the way in fostering sustainable communities and advancing the goals of PED. | Munich as demonstrator together with Lyon in ASCEND project | ||
| B1P002: Motivation behind PED/PED relevant project development | |||||||||
| B1P002: Motivation behind PED/PED relevant project development | - Citycon’s (developer and owner of Lippulaiva) target is to be carbon neutral by 2030 - Increasing sustainability requirements from the financing, tenants, cities, other stakeholders | In line with the EU's vision of "local energy communities", Campus Evenstad demonstrates energy actions that contribute to the clean energy transition. The campus has been developed over several years, demonstrating several innovative and sustainable technologies and energy solutions in a microgrid, e.g. vehicle to grid (V2G), biomass-based combined heat and power (CHP), solar energy, energy storage and zero emission buildings. It shows how to use new technology to enable zero emissions areas. Dedicated professionals, both Statsbygg's operating staff and researchers from FME ZEN have been central to the realization, together with dedicated management at the University campus, who have shown a great willingness to implement new solutions. | Borlänge city has committed to become the carbon-neutral city by 2030. | Developing systems towards carbon neutrality. Also urban renewal. | The purpose of implementing the PED project on this sustainable campus, where several buildings have LEED certification, is to further enhance its energy efficiency and environmental stewardship by creating a district that generates more energy than it consumes. The initiator was motivated by the need to address climate change, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and promote renewable energy sources. Additionally, the campus's existing commitment to sustainability and the success of its LEED-certified buildings provided a strong foundation for demonstrating the feasibility and benefits of PED development, serving as a model for sustainable urban living and energy self-sufficiency. | speed and scale of PEDs | |||
| B1P003: Environment of the case study area | |||||||||
| B2P003: Environment of the case study area | Urban area | Rural | Urban area | Suburban area | Urban area | Suburban area | Urban area | ||
| B1P004: Type of district | |||||||||
| B2P004: Type of district |
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| B1P005: Case Study Context | |||||||||
| B1P005: Case Study Context |
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| B1P006: Year of construction | |||||||||
| B1P006: Year of construction | 2022 | 1990 | 2024 | ||||||
| B1P007: District population before intervention - Residential | |||||||||
| B1P007: District population before intervention - Residential | 100 | 3500 | 6 | ||||||
| B1P008: District population after intervention - Residential | |||||||||
| B1P008: District population after intervention - Residential | 100 | 3500 | 14000 | 6 | |||||
| B1P009: District population before intervention - Non-residential | |||||||||
| B1P009: District population before intervention - Non-residential | 6 | 9800 | |||||||
| B1P010: District population after intervention - Non-residential | |||||||||
| B1P010: District population after intervention - Non-residential | 6 | 10000 | 9800 | ||||||
| B1P011: Population density before intervention | |||||||||
| B1P011: Population density before intervention | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 34 | 0 |
| B1P012: Population density after intervention | |||||||||
| B1P012: Population density after intervention | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.010658622423328 | 0.058333333333333 | 0.041379310344828 | 34.337771548704 | 0.010714285714286 |
| B1P013: Building and Land Use before intervention | |||||||||
| B1P013: Residential | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | yes | no | yes |
| B1P013 - Residential: Specify the sqm [m²] | 4360 | ||||||||
| B1P013: Office | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| B1P013 - Office: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P013: Industry and Utility | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| B1P013 - Industry and Utility: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P013: Commercial | no | no | yes | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Commercial: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P013: Institutional | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no |
| B1P013 - Institutional: Specify the sqm [m²] | 285.400 | ||||||||
| B1P013: Natural areas | no | no | yes | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Natural areas: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P013: Recreational | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Recreational: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P013: Dismissed areas | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| B1P013 - Dismissed areas: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P013: Other | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Other: Specify the sqm [m²] | 706 | ||||||||
| B1P014: Building and Land Use after intervention | |||||||||
| B1P014: Residential | no | no | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | no | yes |
| B1P014 - Residential: Specify the sqm [m²] | 4360 | ||||||||
| B1P014: Office | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| B1P014 - Office: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P014: Industry and Utility | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Industry and Utility: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P014: Commercial | no | no | yes | no | no | yes | yes | no | no |
| B1P014 - Commercial: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P014: Institutional | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no |
| B1P014 - Institutional: Specify the sqm [m²] | 280000 | ||||||||
| B1P014: Natural areas | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Natural areas: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P014: Recreational | no | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | no | no |
| B1P014 - Recreational: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P014: Dismissed areas | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Dismissed areas: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||||
| B1P014: Other | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Other: Specify the sqm [m²] | 706 | ||||||||
| B2P001: PED Lab concept definition | |||||||||
| B2P001: PED Lab concept definition | Groningen was selected as Lighthouse City for the MAKING-CITY project. MAKING-CITY is a 60-month Horizon 2020 project launched in December 2018. It aims to address and demonstrate the urban energy system transformation towards smart and low-carbon cities, based on the Positive Energy District (PED) concept. The PED operational models developed in MAKING-CITY will help European and other cities around the world to adopt a long-term City Vision 2050 for energy transition and sustainable urbanisation whilst turning citizens into actors of this transformation. Groningen works with two PED districts in two completely different neighbourhoods in terms of structure and buildings. This is why we see this as a lab: to see wat works and what doesn’t. In order to be able to implement this in the rest of the city. | addressing the concept and implementation of Microgrids and aims to become a leading experimental facility for improving the optimal development of Flexible Energy Buildings and Flexibility Aggregation | |||||||
| B2P002: Installation life time | |||||||||
| B2P002: Installation life time | The MAKING-CITY project lasts from November 2018 – November 2023. By that time PED North and PED South East are a fact. | ||||||||
| B2P003: Scale of action | |||||||||
| B2P003: Scale | District | Virtual | |||||||
| B2P004: Operator of the installation | |||||||||
| B2P004: Operator of the installation | The Municipality of Groningen is Manager of the lab but works closely with other parties such as the university, university of applied sciences, research institute TNO and several other parties. | IREC | |||||||
| B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materials | |||||||||
| B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materials | Groningen does not have a strategy to reuse and recyle materials | ||||||||
| B2P006: Circular Economy Approach | |||||||||
| B2P006: Do you apply any strategy to reuse and recycling the materials? | No | No | |||||||
| B2P006: Other | |||||||||
| B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab | |||||||||
| B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab |
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| B2P007: Other | |||||||||
| B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED Lab | |||||||||
| B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED Lab | Municipality | Research center/University | |||||||
| B2P008: Other | |||||||||
| B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab | |||||||||
| B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab |
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| B2P009: Other | research companies, monitoring company, ict company | ||||||||
| B2P010: Synergies between the fields of activities | |||||||||
| B2P010: Synergies between the fields of activities | |||||||||
| B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab | |||||||||
| B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab |
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| B2P011: Other | |||||||||
| B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab | |||||||||
| B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab |
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| B2P013: Availability of the facilities for external people | |||||||||
| B2P013: Availability of the facilities for external people | |||||||||
| B2P014: Monitoring measures | |||||||||
| B2P014: Monitoring measures |
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| B2P015: Key Performance indicators | |||||||||
| B2P015: Key Performance indicators |
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| B2P016: Execution of operations | |||||||||
| B2P016: Execution of operations | |||||||||
| B2P017: Capacities | |||||||||
| B2P017: Capacities | - Building simulation model: thermal inertia and thermal loads of a building or community can be co-simulated with a building model. – System Operator and Aggregator simulation models: the interaction with remote control actions carried out by electricity System Operators or flexibility Aggregators can be simulated as well. – Grid simulation model: the physical interaction of the building with the grid power supply can be simulated enabling the experimental validation of flexibility services to the network. | ||||||||
| B2P018: Relations with stakeholders | |||||||||
| B2P018: Relations with stakeholders | |||||||||
| B2P019: Available tools | |||||||||
| B2P019: Available tools |
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| B2P019: Available tools | |||||||||
| B2P020: External accessibility | |||||||||
| B2P020: External accessibility | |||||||||
| C1P001: Unlocking Factors | |||||||||
| C1P001: Recent technological improvements for on-site RES production | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P001: Innovative, integrated, prefabricated packages for buildings envelope / Energy efficiency of building stock | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P001: Energy Communities, P2P, Prosumers concepts | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important |
| C1P001: Storage systems and E-mobility market penetration | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important |
| C1P001: Decreasing costs of innovative materials | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P001: Financial mechanisms to reduce costs and maximize benefits | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P001: The ability to predict Multiple Benefits | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P001: The ability to predict the distribution of benefits and impacts | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: Citizens improved awareness and engagement on sustainable energy issues (bottom-up) | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important |
| C1P001: Social acceptance (top-down) | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important |
| C1P001: Improved local and national policy frameworks (i.e. incentives, laws etc.) | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P001: Presence of integrated urban strategies and plans | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important |
| C1P001: Multidisciplinary approaches available for systemic integration | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P001: Availability of grants (from EC or other donors) to finance the PED Lab projects | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P001: Availability of RES on site (Local RES) | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important |
| C1P001: Ongoing or established collaboration on Public Private Partnership among key stakeholders | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important |
| C1P001: Any other UNLOCKING FACTORS | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: Any other UNLOCKING FACTORS (if any) | |||||||||
| C1P002: Driving Factors | |||||||||
| C1P002: Climate Change adaptation need | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important |
| C1P002: Climate Change mitigation need (local RES production and efficiency) | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important |
| C1P002: Rapid urbanization trend and need of urban expansions | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P002: Urban re-development of existing built environment | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important |
| C1P002: Economic growth need | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P002: Improved local environmental quality (air, noise, aesthetics, etc.) | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important |
| C1P002: Territorial and market attractiveness | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P002: Energy autonomy/independence | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P002: Any other DRIVING FACTOR | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P002: Any other DRIVING FACTOR (if any) | Earthquakes due to gas extraction | ||||||||
| C1P003: Administrative barriers | |||||||||
| C1P003: Difficulty in the coordination of high number of partners and authorities | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P003: Lack of good cooperation and acceptance among partners | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P003: Lack of public participation | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important |
| C1P003: Lack of institutions/mechanisms to disseminate information | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P003:Long and complex procedures for authorization of project activities | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P003: Time consuming requirements by EC or other donors concerning reporting and accountancy | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important |
| C1P003: Complicated and non-comprehensive public procurement | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P003: Fragmented and or complex ownership structure | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P003: City administration & cross-sectoral attitude/approaches (silos) | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P003: Lack of internal capacities to support energy transition | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P003: Any other Administrative BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P003: Any other Administrative BARRIER (if any) | |||||||||
| C1P004: Policy barriers | |||||||||
| C1P004: Lack of long-term and consistent energy plans and policies | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important |
| C1P004: Lacking or fragmented local political commitment and support on the long term | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important |
| C1P004: Lack of Cooperation & support between national-regional-local entities | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P004: Any other Political BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P004: Any other Political BARRIER (if any) | |||||||||
| C1P005: Legal and Regulatory barriers | |||||||||
| C1P005: Inadequate regulations for new technologies | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P005: Regulatory instability | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P005: Non-effective regulations | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P005: Unfavorable local regulations for innovative technologies | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P005: Building code and land-use planning hindering innovative technologies | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P005: Insufficient or insecure financial incentives | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P005: Unresolved privacy concerns and limiting nature of privacy protection regulation | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P005: Shortage of proven and tested solutions and examples | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P005: Any other Legal and Regulatory BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P005: Any other Legal and Regulatory BARRIER (if any) | |||||||||
| C1P006: Environmental barriers | |||||||||
| C1P006: Environmental barriers | 2 - Slightly important | Air Quality Management Importance Level: 5 (Very Important) Energy Efficiency Importance Level: 5 (Very Important) Water Conservation Importance Level: 5 (Very Important) Waste Management Importance Level: 4 (Important) Material Selection Importance Level: 4 (Important) Renewable Energy Integration Importance Level: 5 (Very Important) Heat Island Effect Mitigation Importance Level: 4 (Important) Noise Pollution Control Importance Level: 3 (Moderately Important) | |||||||
| C1P007: Technical barriers | |||||||||
| C1P007: Lack of skilled and trained personnel | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important |
| C1P007: Deficient planning | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P007: Retrofitting work in dwellings in occupied state | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P007: Lack of well-defined process | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P007: Inaccuracy in energy modelling and simulation | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P007: Lack/cost of computational scalability | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P007: Grid congestion, grid instability | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P007: Negative effects of project intervention on the natural environment | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P007: Energy retrofitting work in dense and/or historical urban environment | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P007: Difficult definition of system boundaries | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P007: Any other Thecnical BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P007: Any other Thecnical BARRIER (if any) | Energy management systems of different new technologies does not "talk together" (e.g. solar inverter, V2G inverter). This creates challenges. | ||||||||
| C1P008: Social and Cultural barriers | |||||||||
| C1P008: Inertia | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important |
| C1P008: Lack of values and interest in energy optimization measurements | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P008: Low acceptance of new projects and technologies | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important |
| C1P008: Difficulty of finding and engaging relevant actors | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P008: Lack of trust beyond social network | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P008: Rebound effect | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards environmentalism | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P008: Exclusion of socially disadvantaged groups | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P008: Non-energy issues are more important and urgent for actors | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important |
| C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards energy collaboration | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important |
| C1P008: Any other Social BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P008: Any other Social BARRIER (if any) | |||||||||
| C1P009: Information and Awareness barriers | |||||||||
| C1P009: Insufficient information on the part of potential users and consumers | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important |
| C1P009: Perception of interventions as complicated and expensive, with negative socio-economic or environmental impacts | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P009: Lack of awareness among authorities | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important |
| C1P009: Information asymmetry causing power asymmetry of established actors | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P009: High costs of design, material, construction, and installation | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P009: Any other Information and Awareness BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P009: Any other Information and Awareness BARRIER (if any) | Different interests - Grid/energy stakeholders and building stakeholders | ||||||||
| C1P010: Financial barriers | |||||||||
| C1P010: Hidden costs | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P010: Insufficient external financial support and funding for project activities | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important |
| C1P010: Economic crisis | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P010: Risk and uncertainty | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important |
| C1P010: Lack of consolidated and tested business models | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P010: Limited access to capital and cost disincentives | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | |
| C1P010: Any other Financial BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P010: Any other Financial BARRIER (if any) | |||||||||
| C1P011: Market barriers | |||||||||
| C1P011: Split incentives | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P011: Energy price distortion | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P011: Energy market concentration, gatekeeper actors (DSOs) | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P011: Any other Market BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P011: Any other Market BARRIER (if any) | |||||||||
| C1P012: Stakeholders involved | |||||||||
| C1P012: Government/Public Authorities |
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| C1P012: Research & Innovation |
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| C1P012: Financial/Funding |
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| C1P012: Analyst, ICT and Big Data |
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| C1P012: Business process management |
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| C1P012: Urban Services providers |
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| C1P012: Real Estate developers |
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| C1P012: Design/Construction companies |
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| C1P012: End‐users/Occupants/Energy Citizens |
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| C1P012: Social/Civil Society/NGOs |
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| C1P012: Industry/SME/eCommerce |
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| C1P012: Other |
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| C1P012: Other (if any) | |||||||||
| Summary |
Authors (framework concept)
Beril Alpagut (Demir Energy); Giulia Turci (University of Bologna); Michal Kuzmic (Czech Technical University in Prague); Paolo Civiero (Università Roma Tre); Serena Pagliulia (University of Bologna); Oscar Seco (CIEMAT); Silvia Soutullo (CIEMAT); Daniele Vettorato (EURAC Research, IEA Annex 83); Bailador Ferreras M. Almudena (CIEMAT); Vicky Albert-Seifried (FHG ISE)
Contributors (to the content)
Laura Aelenei (LNEG), Nienke Maas (TNO), Savis Gohari (OsloMet), Andras Reith (ABUD), Ghazal Etminan (AIT), Maria-Beatrice Andreucci (Universita Sapienza), Francesco Reda (VTT, IEA Annex 83), Mari Hukkalainen (VTT), Judith-Borsboom (Locality), Gilda Massa (ENEA), Jelena Ziemele (University of Latvia), Nikola Pokorny (CVUT), Sergio Diaz de Garayo Balsategui (CENER, IEA Annex 83), Matthias Haaze (ZHAW, IEA Annex 83), Christoph Gollner (FFG, JPI UE), Silvia Bossi (ENEA, JPI UE), Christian Winzer (Zurich University of Applied Science), George Martinopoulos (Centre for Research and Technology Hellas), Maria Nuria Sánchez (CIEMAT), Angelina Tomova (Energy Agency of Plovdiv)
Implemented by
Boutik.pt: Filipe Martins, Jamal Khan
Marek Suchánek (Czech Technical University in Prague)
