| Name | Project | Type | Compare |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tartu, Estonia | V2G-QUESTS | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Utrecht, the Netherlands (District of Kanaleneiland) | V2G-QUESTS | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Aveiro, Portugal | V2G-QUESTS | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Győr Geothermal District Heating Project | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Jacobs Borchs Gate, Drammen | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Dietenbach, Freiburg im Breisgau | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| SmartEnCity, Lecce | SmartEnCity – Towards Smart Zero CO2 Cities across Europe | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| STARDUST, Trento | STARDUST – Holistic and Integrated Urban Model for Smart Cities | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Klimatkontrakt Hyllie, Malmö | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| EnStadt:Pfaff, Kaiserslautern | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare | |
| mySMARTlife, Helsinki | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| REPLICATE (pilot action in the Novoli-Cascine district on “le PIagge” buildings), Firenze | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Sinfonia, Bolzano | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Hunziker Areal, Zürich | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Hammarby Sjöstad 2.0, | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Sharing Cities, Milano | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| District Heating Pozo Barredo, Mieres | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Cityfied (demo Linero), Lund | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Smart Otaniemi, Espoo | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare | |
| Zukunftsquartier, Vienna | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Santa Chiara Open Lab, Trento | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Barrio La Pinada, Paterna | PED Case Study / PED Lab | Compare | |
| Zero Village Bergen (ZVB) | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Võru +CityxChange | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| NTNU Campus within the Knowledge Axis, Trondheim | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Furuset project, Oslo | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Laser Valley – Land of Lights | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Ydalir project | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| NyBy – Ny Flyplass (New City – New Airport) | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Fornebu, Bærum | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Fleuraye west, Carquefou | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Smart Energy Åland | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Romania, Alba Iulia PED | ASCEND – Accelerate poSitive Clean ENergy Districts | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Romania, Alba Iulia PED | InterPED – INTERoperable cloud-based solution for cross-vector planning and management of Positive Energy Districts | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Munich, Harthof district | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Lublin | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Roubaix, MustBe0 – Résidence Philippe le Hardi – 125 Rue d’Oran | CULTURAL-E – Climate and cultural-based solutions for Plus Energy Buildings | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Bærum, Eiksveien 116 | CULTURAL-E – Climate and cultural-based solutions for Plus Energy Buildings | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Findhorn, the Park | InterPED – INTERoperable cloud-based solution for cross-vector planning and management of Positive Energy Districts | PED Case Study | Uncompare |
| Amsterdam, Buiksloterham PED | ATELIER – AmsTErdam BiLbao cItizen drivEn smaRt cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Schönbühel-Aggsbach, Schönbühel an der Donau | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Umeå, Ålidhem district | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Aalborg East | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare | |
| Ankara, Çamlık District | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Trenčín | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Luxembourg, Betzdorf | LEGOFIT – Adaptable technological solutions based on early design actions for the construction and renovation of Energy Positive Homes | PED Relevant Case Study | Uncompare |
| Vantaa, Aviapolis | NEUTRALPATH – Pathway towards Climate-Neutrality through low risky and fully replicable Positive Clean Energy Districts | PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Vidin, Himik and Bononia | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Oslo, Verksbyen | Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Uden, Loopkantstraat | Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Zaragoza, Actur | NEUTRALPATH – Pathway towards Climate-Neutrality through low risky and fully replicable Positive Clean Energy Districts | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Aarhus, Brabrand | BIPED – Building Intelligent Positive Energy Districts | PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Riga, Ķīpsala, RTU smart student city | ExPEDite – Enabling Positive Energy Districts through Digital Twins | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Izmir, District of Karşıyaka | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Istanbul, Ozyegin University Campus | LEGOFIT – Adaptable technological solutions based on early design actions for the construction and renovation of Energy Positive Homes | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Espoo, Kera | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Borlänge, Rymdgatan’s Residential Portfolio | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Relevant Case Study | Uncompare |
| Freiburg, Waldsee | PED urban – Development of methods and tools for accounting, planning and operation of climate-neutral district | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Innsbruck, Campagne-Areal | PED Relevant Case Study | Uncompare | |
| Graz, Reininghausgründe | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Stor-Elvdal, Campus Evenstad | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Oulu, Kaukovainio | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Uncompare |
| Halmstad, Fyllinge | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Lund, Brunnshög district | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Vienna, Am Kempelenpark | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Évora, Portugal | POCITYF – A POsitive Energy CITY Transformation Framework | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Kladno, Sletiště (Sport Area), PED Winter Stadium | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Relevant Case Study | Uncompare |
| Groningen, PED South | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Lab | Compare |
| Groningen, PED North | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Lab | |
| Maia, Sobreiro Social Housing | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Lab | Uncompare |
| Lubia (Soria), CEDER-CIEMAT | PED Lab | Compare | |
| Tampere, Ilokkaanpuisto district | STARDUST – Holistic and Integrated Urban Model for Smart Cities | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Leon, Former Sugar Factory district | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Istanbul, Kadikoy district, Caferaga | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Espoo, Leppävaara district, Sello center | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Espoo, Espoonlahti district, Lippulaiva block | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Salzburg, Gneis district | Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet | Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Tartu, City centre area | SmartEnCity – Towards Smart Zero CO2 Cities across Europe | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Bologna, Pilastro-Roveri district | GRETA – GReen Energy Transition Actions | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Barcelona, SEILAB & Energy SmartLab | PED Lab | Uncompare | |
| Leipzig, Baumwollspinnerei district | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Kifissia, Energy community | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Relevant Case Study | Uncompare |
| Title | Groningen, PED North | Kifissia, Energy community | Barcelona, SEILAB & Energy SmartLab | Kladno, Sletiště (Sport Area), PED Winter Stadium | Borlänge, Rymdgatan’s Residential Portfolio | Oulu, Kaukovainio | Innsbruck, Campagne-Areal | Findhorn, the Park | Maia, Sobreiro Social Housing | Luxembourg, Betzdorf |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED Lab | ||||||||||
| A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED Lab | Groningen, PED North | Kifissia, Energy community | Barcelona, SEILAB & Energy SmartLab | Kladno, Sletiště (Sport Area), PED Winter Stadium | Borlänge, Rymdgatan’s Residential Portfolio | Oulu, Kaukovainio | Innsbruck, Campagne-Areal | Findhorn, the Park | Maia, Sobreiro Social Housing | Luxembourg, Betzdorf |
| A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet | ||||||||||
| A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet |
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| A1P003: Categorisation of the PED site | ||||||||||
| PED case study | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | no |
| PED relevant case study | no | yes | no | yes | yes | no | yes | no | no | yes |
| PED Lab. | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no |
| A1P004: Targets of the PED case study / PED Lab | ||||||||||
| Climate neutrality | yes | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Annual energy surplus | yes | no | no | yes | yes | no | no | yes | no | yes |
| Energy community | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | no | yes | no | yes |
| Circularity | yes | no | no | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | yes |
| Air quality and urban comfort | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes |
| Electrification | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | no | yes |
| Net-zero energy cost | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| Net-zero emission | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | yes | yes | no | no |
| Self-sufficiency (energy autonomous) | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| Maximise self-sufficiency | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | yes | yes | no |
| Other | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| Other (A1P004) | Green IT | |||||||||
| A1P005: Phase of the PED case study / PED Lab | ||||||||||
| A1P005: Project Phase of your case study/PED Lab | Implementation Phase | Planning Phase | In operation | Planning Phase | Planning Phase | In operation | Completed | In operation | Planning Phase | Implementation Phase |
| A1P006: Start Date | ||||||||||
| A1P006: Start date | 12/18 | 01/2011 | 2022 | 04/16 | 01/62 | 10/21 | 06/23 | |||
| A1P007: End Date | ||||||||||
| A1P007: End date | 12/23 | 02/2013 | 04/22 | 10/24 | 04/26 | |||||
| A1P008: Reference Project | ||||||||||
| A1P008: Reference Project | ||||||||||
| A1P009: Data availability | ||||||||||
| A1P009: Data availability |
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| A1P009: Other | ||||||||||
| A1P010: Sources | ||||||||||
| Any publication, link to website, deliverable referring to the PED/PED Lab |
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| A1P011: Geographic coordinates | ||||||||||
| X Coordinate (longitude): | 6.535121 | 23.814588 | 2.1 | 14.09296 | 15.394495 | 25.517595084093507 | 11.424346738140256 | -3.6099 | -8.373557 | 6.361602 |
| Y Coordinate (latitude): | 53.234846 | 38.077349 | 41.3 | 50.13715 | 60.486609 | 64.99288098173132 | 47.271470786729104 | 57.6530 | 41.135804 | 49.682774 |
| A1P012: Country | ||||||||||
| A1P012: Country | Netherlands | Greece | Spain | Czech Republic | Sweden | Finland | Austria | United Kingdom | Portugal | Luxembourg |
| A1P013: City | ||||||||||
| A1P013: City | Groningen | Municipality of Kifissia | Barcelona and Tarragona | Kladno | Borlänge | Oulu | Innsbruck | Findhorn | Maia | Betzdorf |
| A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification) | ||||||||||
| A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification). | Cfa | Csa | Csa | Cfb | Dsb | Dfc | Dfb | Dwc | Csb | Cfb |
| A1P015: District boundary | ||||||||||
| A1P015: District boundary | Functional | Virtual | Virtual | Geographic | Geographic | Geographic | Geographic | Virtual | Geographic | |
| Other | The energy will be produced by a PV plant installed on the terrace of a municipal building. Members of the energy community (that is under formation) will benefit from the energy produced via virtual net metering. PV instalment and the buildings (owned by the members of the community) will be within the boundaries of the Municipality but not necessary in the same area/district/neighbourhood | V1* (ca 8 buildings) | Regional (close to virtual) | |||||||
| A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab | ||||||||||
| A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab: | Mixed | Public | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Public | Public | |
| A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure | ||||||||||
| A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure: | Multiple Owners | Single Owner | Multiple Owners | Single Owner | Single Owner | Multiple Owners | Multiple Owners | Multiple Owners | Single Owner | |
| A1P018: Number of buildings in PED | ||||||||||
| A1P018: Number of buildings in PED | 7 | 0 | 8 | 10 | 6 | 4 | 160 | 22 | 24 | |
| A1P019: Conditioned space | ||||||||||
| A1P019: Conditioned space [m²] | 1.01 | 3700 | 19700 | 22277 | 173.8 | |||||
| A1P020: Total ground area | ||||||||||
| A1P020: Total ground area [m²] | 17.132 | 9945 | 60000 | 11351 | 180000 | |||||
| A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area | ||||||||||
| A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| A1P022: Financial schemes | ||||||||||
| A1P022a: Financing - PRIVATE - Real estate | yes | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | yes | no | no |
| A1P022a: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||||
| A1P022b: Financing - PRIVATE - ESCO scheme | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022b: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||||
| A1P022c: Financing - PRIVATE - Other | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no |
| A1P022c: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||||
| A1P022d: Financing - PUBLIC - EU structural funding | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022d: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||||
| A1P022e: Financing - PUBLIC - National funding | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | no |
| A1P022e: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||||
| A1P022f: Financing - PUBLIC - Regional funding | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no |
| A1P022f: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||||
| A1P022g: Financing - PUBLIC - Municipal funding | yes | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022g: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||||
| A1P022h: Financing - PUBLIC - Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes |
| A1P022h: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||||
| A1P022i: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - EU | yes | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | yes | yes | no |
| A1P022i: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||||
| A1P022j: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - National | no | no | no | yes | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| A1P022j: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||||
| A1P022k: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - Local/regional | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022k: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||||
| A1P022l: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022l: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | ||||||||||
| A1P022: Other | ||||||||||
| A1P023: Economic Targets | ||||||||||
| A1P023: Economic Targets |
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| A1P023: Other | Developing and demonstrating new solutions | Create affordable appartments for the citizens | ||||||||
| A1P024: More comments: | ||||||||||
| A1P024: More comments: | Semi-Virtual Energy Integration Laboratory (SEILAB) The Energy Smart Lab is an infrastructure conceived as a flexible and versatile platform for innovative technological developments for both industry and competitive R+D projects. The areas of expertise of this laboratory pivot around the following technologies: – Power Electronics for the integration and control of the elements within a building or community: Renewable Energy Sources (RES), Energy Storage Systems and Electric Vehicles (EV) – ICT Platform for smart communications and energy management of systems, building, networks and communities. – Energy System Integration technologies for smart and flexible buildings and grids including RES and EV. The laboratory operation is based on the hardware emulation approach, which allows for real physical equipment to be operated under a broad range of scenarios without depending on the real occurrence of the boundary conditions suitable for the experimental validation. The laboratory is pioneer in addressing the concept and implementation of Microgrids and aims to become a leading experimental facility for improving the optimal development of Flexible Energy Buildings and Flexibility Aggregation. | Owners are two local social housing companies. The complete district will consist 4 building blocks, from which only the first one with 4 building is ready built and occupied. At the end, it would be a district of ca. 1100 flats in 16 buildings with 78000 m2 | ||||||||
| A1P025: Estimated PED case study / PED LAB costs | ||||||||||
| A1P025: Estimated PED case study / PED LAB costs [mil. EUR] | 5 | |||||||||
| Contact person for general enquiries | ||||||||||
| A1P026: Name | Jasper Tonen, Elisabeth Koops | Artemis Giavasoglou, Kleopatra Kalampoka | Dr. Jaume Salom, Dra. Cristina Corchero | David Škorňa | Jingchun Shen | Samuli Rinne | Georgios Dermentzis | Stefano Nebiolo | Adelina Rodrigues | Julien Bertucci |
| A1P027: Organization | Municipality of Groningen | Municipality of Kifissia – SPARCS local team | IREC | Město Kladno | Högskolan Dalarna | City of Oulu | University of Innsbruck | Findhorn Innovation Research and Education CIC | Maia Municipality (CM Maia) – Energy and Mobility division | SNHBM |
| A1P028: Affiliation | Municipality / Public Bodies | Municipality / Public Bodies | Research Center / University | Municipality / Public Bodies | Research Center / University | Municipality / Public Bodies | Research Center / University | Research Center / University | Municipality / Public Bodies | Municipality / Public Bodies |
| A1P028: Other | ||||||||||
| A1P029: Email | Jasper.tonen@groningen.nl | giavasoglou@kifissia.gr | Jsalom@irec.cat | david.skorna@mestokladno.cz | jih@du.se | samuli.rinne@ouka.fi | Georgios.Dermentzis@uibk.ac.at | stefanonebiolo@gmail.com | dscm.adelina@cm-maia.pt | julien.bertucci@snhbm.lu |
| Contact person for other special topics | ||||||||||
| A1P030: Name | Stavros Zapantis - vice mayor | Michal Kuzmič | Xingxing Zhang | Samuli Rinne | Carolina Gonçalves (AdEPorto) | |||||
| A1P031: Email | stavros.zapantis@gmail.com | michal.kuzmic@cvut.cz | xza@du.se | samuli.rinne@ouka.fi | carolinagoncalves@adeporto.eu | |||||
| Pursuant to the General Data Protection Regulation | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
| A2P001: Fields of application | ||||||||||
| A2P001: Fields of application |
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| A2P001: Other | ||||||||||
| A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fields | ||||||||||
| A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fields | Energy efficiency: - buildings energy retrofit supported by tax bonuses - replacing heat supply technologies Energy production: - installation of new (PV) systems for renewable on-site energy production; - presence of a large PV plant in the South East (2 solar parks: 12MW and 107MW) and North area (0,4 MW) Energy flexibility: - energy storage solutions, battery storage and possible hydrogen production - GRID balancing services E-mobility - Installation of new charging stations for electric vehicles; Urban Management - make use of the organizational structure Waste Management - circular use of municipal waste streams | Energy SmartLab capacities - Building simulation model: thermal inertia and thermal loads of a building or community can be co-simulated with a building model. – System Operator and Aggregator simulation models: the interaction with remote control actions carried out by electricity System Operators or flexibility Aggregators can be simulated as well. – Grid simulation model: the physical interaction of the building with the grid power supply can be simulated enabling the experimental validation of flexibility services to the network. Energy SmartLab systems - SAFT Li-ion battery: maximum stored energy 20000 Wh, rated power 150 kW, rated discharge current 200 A, rated charge current 34 A, operating voltage 189 V – 227 V – 254 V, capacity 82 Ah. – Ultracapacitors: maximum stored energy 57 Wh, rated power 10 kW, rated current 20 A, peak current (<1s) 200 Apk, operating voltage 250 V – 500 V, capacity 1,65 F. – Electric vehicle second life battery: maximum stored energy 23300 Wh, rated power 40 kW, rated current 150 A, operating voltage 240 V – 400 V, capacity 32 Ah - 5 microgrid emulators (emulated power 5.5 kVA, max generation connected 10kVA, max consumption connected 10 kVA) - 1 grid emulator (Rated power: 200 kVA, Rated current per phase: 350 A, Rated current per neutral conductor: 35) | Trnsys, PV modelling tools, CAD | Load calculation and system optimisation: City Energy Analyst Identification of stranded assets for asset owners and investors to understand the carbon risks: CRREM | Different kinds of waste heat streams are utilized by heat pumps. These are district heating return water (actually this is an indirect way to cool down the flue gas in the scrubber), ventilation exhaust air and sewage water. As a normal case, in ventilation also air-to-air heat exchanges are used. PV power is harvested also, in vertical and more horizontal panels. Buildings are well insulated to decrease the needed amount of heating energy in the first place. | The buildings are designed based on Passive House standards and dynamic building and system simulations are performed to optimise the HVAC systems, that are a ground-water heat pump for space heating and district heating for domestic hot water preparation. Photovoltaic systems are installed in the available roof spaces, however, more renewable sources are required due to very large number of apartments (very high density) to reach PED, and thus, simulation studies are performed. | Energy production: - installation of photovoltaic systems for renewable on-site energy production; - installation of a BIPV demonstrator for the City Hall building. Energy flexibility: - implementation of an energy community through an active citizens involvement process. Digital technologies: - smart-meters installation in some dwellings in order to monitor consumption and suggest more sustainable energy behaviours. [PCP] Through https://balcaodigital.e-redes.pt/consumptions/history “Espaço Municipal” (https://www.espacomunicipal.pt/pt/) might access history of consumption up to midnight of the previous day. E-mobility: - Installation of new charging stations for electric vehicles; Urban comfort and air quality: - Monitoring units for air pollutants concentration (PM2.5, PM10, NO2) [PCP] Currently we are monitoring CO, O3, NO2, SO2, noise, PM2.5 and PM10 at a point 267 m east from the four buildings southeast of Sobreiro area: | |||
| A2P003: Application of ISO52000 | ||||||||||
| A2P003: Application of ISO52000 | No | No | No | No | No | No | ||||
| A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balance | ||||||||||
| A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balance | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No | ||
| A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balance | ||||||||||
| A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balance | No | Yes | No | No | No | No | No | No | ||
| A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculation | ||||||||||
| A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculation | Mobility, till now, is not included in the energy model. | – Electric vehicle second life battery: maximum stored energy 23300 Wh, rated power 40 kW, rated current 150 A, operating voltage 240 V – 400 V, capacity 32 Ah | Not yet included. | Not included. However, there is a charging place for a shared EV in one building. | ||||||
| A2P007: Annual energy demand in buildings / Thermal demand | ||||||||||
| A2P007: Annual energy demand in buildings / Thermal demand [GWh/annum] | 2.3 | 1.4 | 0.6777 | 2.1 | 0.39 | |||||
| A2P008: Annual energy demand in buildings / Electric Demand | ||||||||||
| A2P008: Annual energy demand in buildings / Electric Demand [GWh/annum] | 0.33 | 0.3 | 0.03656 | 0.2 | 0.655 | 1.2 | ||||
| A2P009: Annual energy demand for e-mobility | ||||||||||
| A2P009: Annual energy demand for e-mobility [GWh/annum] | 0 | 0 | ||||||||
| A2P010: Annual energy demand for urban infrastructure | ||||||||||
| A2P010: Annual energy demand for urban infrastructure [GWh/annum] | 0 | |||||||||
| A2P011: Annual renewable electricity production on-site during target year | ||||||||||
| A2P011: PV | no | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | no |
| A2P011: PV - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 1.1 | 0.1 | 0.42 | |||||||
| A2P011: Wind | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| A2P011: Wind - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||||
| A2P011: Hydro | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: Hydro - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||||
| A2P011: Biomass_el | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: Biomass_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||||
| A2P011: Biomass_peat_el | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: Biomass_peat_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||||
| A2P011: PVT_el | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: PVT_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0.01818 | |||||||||
| A2P011: Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: Other - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||||
| A2P012: Annual renewable thermal production on-site during target year | ||||||||||
| A2P012: Geothermal | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Geothermal: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||||
| A2P012: Solar Thermal | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | no |
| A2P012 - Solar Thermal: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||||
| A2P012: Biomass_heat | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| A2P012 - Biomass_heat: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0.1 | |||||||||
| A2P012: Waste heat+HP | yes | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | yes | no | no |
| A2P012 - Waste heat+HP: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 1.7 | 2.2 | ||||||||
| A2P012: Biomass_peat_heat | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Biomass_peat_heat: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||||
| A2P012: PVT_th | yes | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - PVT_th: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0.0825 | |||||||||
| A2P012: Biomass_firewood_th | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| A2P012 - Biomass_firewood_th: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||||
| A2P012: Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Other: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||||
| A2P013: Renewable resources on-site - Additional notes | ||||||||||
| A2P013: Renewable resources on-site - Additional notes | Geothermal heatpump systems, Waste heat from data centers | Waste heat from cooling the ice rink. | Heat is produced from DH return, refrigeration and exhaust air. The mentioned 2200 MWh/a includes HP el. consumption (about 1/6 of that) | 3x225 kW wind turbines + 100 kW PV | ||||||
| A2P014: Annual energy use | ||||||||||
| A2P014: Annual energy use [GWh/annum] | 2.1 | 0.318 | 2.3 | 0.96 | 1.2 | |||||
| A2P015: Annual energy delivered | ||||||||||
| A2P015: Annual energy delivered [GWh/annum] | 0.2055 | -2 | 1.2 | |||||||
| A2P016: Annual non-renewable electricity production on-site during target year | ||||||||||
| A2P016: Annual non-renewable electricity production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||||
| A2P017: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year | ||||||||||
| A2P017: Gas | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P017 - Gas: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | ||||||||||
| A2P017: Coal | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P017 - Coal: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | ||||||||||
| A2P017: Oil | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P017 - Oil: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | ||||||||||
| A2P017: Other | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P017 - Other: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | 0 | |||||||||
| A2P018: Annual renewable electricity imports from outside the boundary during target year | ||||||||||
| A2P018: PV | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - PV: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | ||||||||||
| A2P018: Wind | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - Wind: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | ||||||||||
| A2P018: Hydro | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - Hydro: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | ||||||||||
| A2P018: Biomass_el | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - Biomass_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | ||||||||||
| A2P018: Biomass_peat_el | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - Biomass_peat_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | ||||||||||
| A2P018: PVT_el | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - PVT_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | ||||||||||
| A2P018: Other | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - Other: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | 0.187 | |||||||||
| A2P019: Annual renewable thermal imports from outside the boundary during target year | ||||||||||
| A2P019: Geothermal | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Geothermal: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||||
| A2P019: Solar Thermal | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Solar Thermal: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||||
| A2P019: Biomass_heat | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Biomass_heat: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0.7 | |||||||||
| A2P019: Waste heat+HP | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Waste heat+HP: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||||
| A2P019: Biomass_peat_heat | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Biomass_peat_heat: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||||
| A2P019: PVT_th | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 PVT_th: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||||
| A2P019: Biomass_firewood_th | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Biomass_firewood_th: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | ||||||||||
| A2P019: Other | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Other: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0 | |||||||||
| A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary | ||||||||||
| A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.53839572192513 | 3.2857142857143 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| A2P021: GHG-balance calculated for the PED | ||||||||||
| A2P021: GHG-balance calculated for the PED [tCO2/annum] | -104 | 6.93 | 0 | |||||||
| A2P022: KPIs related to the PED case study / PED Lab | ||||||||||
| A2P022: Safety & Security | none | |||||||||
| A2P022: Health | thermal comfort diagram | Encouraging a healthy lifestyle | indoor air quility (indoor CO2 concentration) - measured on the extract air of the mechanical ventilation system. Relative humidity to avoid mold. | |||||||
| A2P022: Education | none | |||||||||
| A2P022: Mobility | none | Modal Split, Fuel mix in mobility, Energy use for transportation, Access to public transport, Public infrastructure promoting low-carbon mobility, Number of public EV charging stations, Energy delivered for EV charging | ||||||||
| A2P022: Energy | Energy demand (heating and hot water), Energy demand (cooling), Cooling demand, Distributin losses, PV production, RES production, OER, Primafry Non-renewable energy balance, AMR, HMR, CO2 balance | normalized CO2/GHG & Energy intensity | Final energy consumption, Primary energy consumption, Energy imported to PED, Energy exported from PED, RES production, PED energy balance, Energy savings in the PED, GHG emissions, Reduction of emissions, Final energy consumption per capita, Primary energy consumption per capita, Primary energy sources (shares), Buildings connected to DH-network or renewable energy grid, GHG emissions per capita, System flexibility for energy players, RES storage usage, Peak load reduction | Space heating demand, thermal energy delivered by district heating, electricity of the heat pump, thermal losses of the pipes, and PV production. | ||||||
| A2P022: Water | ||||||||||
| A2P022: Economic development | Investment cost, Caputal cost, Operation cost, payback period, NPV, cummulated cash flow, savings, Life cycle, ROI, SROI | cost of excess emissions | Total investments, Payback time, Economic value of savings | |||||||
| A2P022: Housing and Community | Development of housing prices, Housing cost overburden rate, Citizen engagement/empowerment to climate conscious actions, Inhabitants in dense areas, Energy poverty | |||||||||
| A2P022: Waste | Recycling rate | |||||||||
| A2P022: Other | Smart Cities strategies, Quality of open data | |||||||||
| A2P023: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Generation | ||||||||||
| A2P023: Photovoltaics | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no |
| A2P023: Solar thermal collectors | yes | no | no | no | yes | no | no | yes | yes | no |
| A2P023: Wind Turbines | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| A2P023: Geothermal energy system | yes | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Waste heat recovery | yes | no | no | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | no | no |
| A2P023: Waste to energy | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Polygeneration | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Co-generation | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Heat Pump | yes | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no |
| A2P023: Hydrogen | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Hydropower plant | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Biomass | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | no |
| A2P023: Biogas | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Other | ||||||||||
| A2P024: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Flexibility | ||||||||||
| A2P024: A2P024: Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) | yes | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | no | yes | yes |
| A2P024: Energy management system | yes | no | yes | yes | no | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
| A2P024: Demand-side management | yes | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P024: Smart electricity grid | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P024: Thermal Storage | yes | no | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | no |
| A2P024: Electric Storage | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
| A2P024: District Heating and Cooling | yes | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | no |
| A2P024: Smart metering and demand-responsive control systems | yes | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | yes | no |
| A2P024: P2P – buildings | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P024: Other | ||||||||||
| A2P025: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Efficiency | ||||||||||
| A2P025: Deep Retrofitting | no | no | no | yes | yes | yes | no | no | yes | no |
| A2P025: Energy efficiency measures in historic buildings | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: High-performance new buildings | yes | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | yes | no | yes |
| A2P025: Smart Public infrastructure (e.g. smart lighting) | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no |
| A2P025: Urban data platforms | yes | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: Mobile applications for citizens | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: Building services (HVAC & Lighting) | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | yes |
| A2P025: Smart irrigation | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: Digital tracking for waste disposal | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no |
| A2P025: Smart surveillance | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: Other | ||||||||||
| A2P026: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Mobility | ||||||||||
| A2P026: Efficiency of vehicles (public and/or private) | no | no | yes | no | no | yes | no | no | yes | no |
| A2P026: Measures to reduce traffic volume (e.g. measure to support public transportation, shared mobility, measure to reduce journeys and distances) | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P026: e-Mobility | yes | no | no | no | no | yes | no | yes | yes | yes |
| A2P026: Soft mobility infrastructures and last mile solutions | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P026: Car-free area | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P026: Other | ||||||||||
| A2P027: Mobility strategies - Additional notes | ||||||||||
| A2P027: Mobility strategies - Additional notes | ||||||||||
| A2P028: Energy efficiency certificates | ||||||||||
| A2P028: Energy efficiency certificates | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |||
| A2P028: If yes, please specify and/or enter notes | Energy Performance Certificate | Energy Performance Certificate - in Greece it is mandatory in order to buy or rent a house or a dwelling | National standards apply. | The obligatory buildijng energy classification | Two buildings are certified "Passive House new build" | The Municipal Buildings have an energy certificate, according to the Portuguese legislation. | ||||
| A2P029: Any other building / district certificates | ||||||||||
| A2P029: Any other building / district certificates | No | No | No | No | No | Yes | ||||
| A2P029: If yes, please specify and/or enter notes | ||||||||||
| A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy | ||||||||||
| A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy |
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| A3P002: Quantitative targets included in the city / national strategy | ||||||||||
| A3P002: Quantitative targets included in the city / national strategy | Carbon neutrality 2050 | The study aligns closely with the decarbonisation and energy reduction pathways of residential multi family buildings with 1.5°C global warming target in Sweden. This study will also contribute to the achievement of the carbon neturality of whole Borlänge city by 2030. | Carbon neutrality by 2035 | |||||||
| A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid | ||||||||||
| A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid |
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| A3P003: Other | District heating based mainly on heat pumps and renewable sources | At a national level there are some studies regarding the decarbonization of the gas grid, but no concrete strategies so far. | ||||||||
| A3P004: Identification of needs and priorities | ||||||||||
| A3P004: Identification of needs and priorities | -Allows for real physical equipment to be operated under a broad range of scenarios without depending on the real occurrence of the boundary conditions suitable for the experimental validation -Pioneer in addressing the concept and implementation of Microgrids and aims to become a leading experimental facility for improving the optimal development of Flexible Energy Buildings and Flexibility Aggregation. | In our project, we carried out a comprehensive exploration of strategies to achieve positive energy districts in a Swedish residential portfolio. The focus on urban energy transitions necessitates a holistic approach that integrates building retrofit, solar technology exploration, and heating supply optimisation. Exploration of Local Solar Sources: The analysis reveals varying solar irradiance resources throughout the year, emphasizing the importance of strategic placement. Integration of combined photovoltaic and thermal panels into building envelopes demonstrates the potential to cover a significant portion of the energy demand even in Sweden. Heating Supply Optimisation with Solar Technologies: Despite the surplus energy production from on-site solar technology, challenges arise due to temporal energy asymmetry. The introduction of heat pumps emerges as a feasible solution to balance energy gaps, utilising both rejected and free heat. Optimisation scenarios, utilising a combination of geothermal heat pumps, water source heat pumps, and PVT, showcase remarkable reductions in emissions and primary energy consumption. Urban Form and Energy Infrastructure Design: We realised the importance of returning to urban form and energy infrastructure design to optimise future residential portfolio potential. Building layout design, influenced by zoning regulations and innovative typologies, plays a crucial role in achieving district level energy efficiency. Future challenges, including demographic shifts, e-mobility, and climate change, necessitate a more holistic approach to energy infrastructure design, addressing not only heating and electricity demands but also cooling requirements. | Developing and demonstrating solutions for carbon neutrality | The priority was to eliminate the CO2 emissions by optimizing the building envelope and the heating systems. | ||||||
| A3P005: Sustainable behaviour | ||||||||||
| A3P005: Sustainable behaviour | In Groningen we are working with different sustainable behaviours approaches and also developed the Unified Citizen Engagement Approach (UCEA). Currently, there are two different approaches in use in the municipality of Groningen: the District energy approach (Wijkgerichte aanpak, developed by the Municipality of Groningen) and the Cooperative approach (Coöperative Aanpak, developed by Grunneger Power). Based upon those approaches and knowledge that is gained through social research executed by TNO and HUAS the new Unified Citizen Engagement Approach (UCEA) has been developed. | -Improving the development of Net Zero Energy Buildings and Flexible Energy buildings. | While our investigation primarily centres on technical optimisation within Positive Energy District (PED) development, it is essential to acknowledge the broader scope encompassing social and governance dimensions. Specifically, understanding stakeholders' willingness to embrace technical recommendations upon project completion is important. Several potential influencing factors merit exploration, including economic considerations, technical optimisation-associated embodied carbon balance, the general public's technical perceptions, and operational feasibility. Evaluating these aspects holistically not only enhances the efficacy of PED initiatives but also fosters greater acceptance and participation within the communities they serve. | E. g. visualizing energy and water consumption | ||||||
| A3P006: Economic strategies | ||||||||||
| A3P006: Economic strategies |
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| A3P006: Other | ||||||||||
| A3P007: Social models | ||||||||||
| A3P007: Social models |
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| A3P007: Other | ||||||||||
| A3P008: Integrated urban strategies | ||||||||||
| A3P008: Integrated urban strategies |
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| A3P008: Other | ||||||||||
| A3P009: Environmental strategies | ||||||||||
| A3P009: Environmental strategies |
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| A3P009: Other | ||||||||||
| A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspects | ||||||||||
| A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspects | At national/regional/local level a legislation on PEDs development is not yet available in the Netherlands. There will be a new Environmental Act and Heat Act in the nearby future. We are working on a paper about the current legal barriers, which are in short for Groningen: Lack of legal certainty and clarity with regard to the energy legislation. Lack of coherence between policy and legislation from different ministries. The planned revision of the Dutch Heat Law prevents Groningen from effectively realizing sustainable heat transition plans and goals. Lack of capacity on the distribution grid for electricity | - European Commission has legislated on Energy Community (‘Renewable energy’ directive - 2018/2001/EU and ‘Common rules for the internal electricity market’ directive- 2019/944/EU). - Spanish building certification is regulated through Royal Decree 235/2013. | ||||||||
| B1P001: PED/PED relevant concept definition | ||||||||||
| B1P001: PED/PED relevant concept definition | Onsite Energy Ratio > 1 | The Rymdgatan's Residential Portfolio in Sweden presents a compelling case study for its classification as a PED-related research, given its alignment with sustainable behaviours and overarching PED development principles as follows: Inclusivity and Social Equity: The residential portfolio situated in Rymdgatan caters primarily to a low-income community. By focusing on this demographic, the project addresses critical aspects of social equity within sustainable urban development. Ensuring access to energy-efficient housing and amenities for economically disadvantaged populations not only fosters social cohesion but also mitigates energy poverty, a pressing concern in many urban contexts. Multifamily Residential Building: The inclusion of multifamily residential buildings within the portfolio underscores a commitment to density and efficient land use, both essential components of sustainable urban design. Such developments promote resource optimisation by consolidating housing units, thereby reducing per capita energy consumption and infrastructure demands. Moreover, multifamily dwellings often facilitate community engagement and shared resource management, fostering a culture of sustainability among residents. Low Carbon Retrofitting and Transition: The overarching initiative to transition the entire Jakobsgårdarna district. The included Rymdgatan portfolio, towards low carbon retrofitting, represents a significant example of decarbonization and climate resilience. By integrating energy-efficient technologies and renewable energy solutions into existing infrastructure, the project not only reduces carbon emissions but also serves as a blueprint for revitalising old urban environments sustainably. This holistic approach to retrofitting demonstrates a systemic commitment to environmental stewardship and long-term sustainability. Climate Adaptation and Renewable Energy Integration: Despite Sweden's climatic challenges, including lower solar resources during winter months, the Rymdgatan project leverages its geographical context to optimize renewable energy utilization. Sweden's greater solar resource availability during summer and geothermal potentials complement the design's emphasis on seasonal energy planning, where surplus energy generated during peak periods can be stored or redistributed efficiently. By embracing climate-responsive design strategies, the project demonstrates resilience in the face of climate variability while harnessing renewable energy potential effectively. | The original idea is that the area produces at least as much it consumes. | Extremely low building energy demand, the electric energy of the heat pump used for space heating is significantly lower compared to thermal energy for the domestic hot water preparation. | ||||||
| B1P002: Motivation behind PED/PED relevant project development | ||||||||||
| B1P002: Motivation behind PED/PED relevant project development | Strategic, economic | Borlänge city has committed to become the carbon-neutral city by 2030. | Developing systems towards carbon neutrality. Also urban renewal. | Since it is an urban area, with high building and apartment density, the need for CO2 reduction is quite relevant and thus, in new built, the minimization of CO2 emissions is crucial. | ||||||
| B1P003: Environment of the case study area | ||||||||||
| B2P003: Environment of the case study area | Urban area | Urban area | Suburban area | Urban area | Rural | Rural | ||||
| B1P004: Type of district | ||||||||||
| B2P004: Type of district |
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| B1P005: Case Study Context | ||||||||||
| B1P005: Case Study Context |
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| B1P006: Year of construction | ||||||||||
| B1P006: Year of construction | 1990 | 2022 | ||||||||
| B1P007: District population before intervention - Residential | ||||||||||
| B1P007: District population before intervention - Residential | 100 | 3500 | ||||||||
| B1P008: District population after intervention - Residential | ||||||||||
| B1P008: District population after intervention - Residential | 100 | 3500 | 780 | |||||||
| B1P009: District population before intervention - Non-residential | ||||||||||
| B1P009: District population before intervention - Non-residential | 6 | |||||||||
| B1P010: District population after intervention - Non-residential | ||||||||||
| B1P010: District population after intervention - Non-residential | 6 | |||||||||
| B1P011: Population density before intervention | ||||||||||
| B1P011: Population density before intervention | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| B1P012: Population density after intervention | ||||||||||
| B1P012: Population density after intervention | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.010658622423328 | 0.058333333333333 | 0.068716412650868 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| B1P013: Building and Land Use before intervention | ||||||||||
| B1P013: Residential | no | no | no | yes | yes | yes | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Residential: Specify the sqm [m²] | 4360 | |||||||||
| B1P013: Office | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Office: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||||
| B1P013: Industry and Utility | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Industry and Utility: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||||
| B1P013: Commercial | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Commercial: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||||
| B1P013: Institutional | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Institutional: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||||
| B1P013: Natural areas | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | no |
| B1P013 - Natural areas: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||||
| B1P013: Recreational | no | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Recreational: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||||
| B1P013: Dismissed areas | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Dismissed areas: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||||
| B1P013: Other | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Other: Specify the sqm [m²] | 706 | |||||||||
| B1P014: Building and Land Use after intervention | ||||||||||
| B1P014: Residential | no | no | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | no |
| B1P014 - Residential: Specify the sqm [m²] | 4360 | |||||||||
| B1P014: Office | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| B1P014 - Office: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||||
| B1P014: Industry and Utility | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Industry and Utility: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||||
| B1P014: Commercial | no | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Commercial: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||||
| B1P014: Institutional | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Institutional: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||||
| B1P014: Natural areas | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | no |
| B1P014 - Natural areas: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||||
| B1P014: Recreational | no | no | no | yes | no | yes | yes | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Recreational: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||||
| B1P014: Dismissed areas | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Dismissed areas: Specify the sqm [m²] | ||||||||||
| B1P014: Other | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Other: Specify the sqm [m²] | 706 | |||||||||
| B2P001: PED Lab concept definition | ||||||||||
| B2P001: PED Lab concept definition | Groningen was selected as Lighthouse City for the MAKING-CITY project. MAKING-CITY is a 60-month Horizon 2020 project launched in December 2018. It aims to address and demonstrate the urban energy system transformation towards smart and low-carbon cities, based on the Positive Energy District (PED) concept. The PED operational models developed in MAKING-CITY will help European and other cities around the world to adopt a long-term City Vision 2050 for energy transition and sustainable urbanisation whilst turning citizens into actors of this transformation. Groningen works with two PED districts in two completely different neighbourhoods in terms of structure and buildings. This is why we see this as a lab: to see wat works and what doesn’t. In order to be able to implement this in the rest of the city. | addressing the concept and implementation of Microgrids and aims to become a leading experimental facility for improving the optimal development of Flexible Energy Buildings and Flexibility Aggregation | ||||||||
| B2P002: Installation life time | ||||||||||
| B2P002: Installation life time | The MAKING-CITY project lasts from November 2018 – November 2023. By that time PED North and PED South East are a fact. | Permanent installation | ||||||||
| B2P003: Scale of action | ||||||||||
| B2P003: Scale | District | Virtual | Virtual | |||||||
| B2P004: Operator of the installation | ||||||||||
| B2P004: Operator of the installation | The Municipality of Groningen is Manager of the lab but works closely with other parties such as the university, university of applied sciences, research institute TNO and several other parties. | IREC | CM Maia, IPMAIA, NEW, AdEP. | |||||||
| B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materials | ||||||||||
| B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materials | Groningen does not have a strategy to reuse and recyle materials | |||||||||
| B2P006: Circular Economy Approach | ||||||||||
| B2P006: Do you apply any strategy to reuse and recycling the materials? | No | No | No | |||||||
| B2P006: Other | ||||||||||
| B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab | ||||||||||
| B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab |
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| B2P007: Other | ||||||||||
| B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED Lab | ||||||||||
| B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED Lab | Municipality | Research center/University | Municipality | |||||||
| B2P008: Other | ||||||||||
| B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab | ||||||||||
| B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab |
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| B2P009: Other | research companies, monitoring company, ict company | Energy Agency | ||||||||
| B2P010: Synergies between the fields of activities | ||||||||||
| B2P010: Synergies between the fields of activities | ||||||||||
| B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab | ||||||||||
| B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab |
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| B2P011: Other | ||||||||||
| B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab | ||||||||||
| B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab |
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| B2P013: Availability of the facilities for external people | ||||||||||
| B2P013: Availability of the facilities for external people | Depends on the building: _Tecmaia is open to the public but the buildings are for the exclusive use of companies allocated at the industrial site; _The municipal buildings have public access; _The residential buildings have an exclusive use for the residents. | |||||||||
| B2P014: Monitoring measures | ||||||||||
| B2P014: Monitoring measures |
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| B2P015: Key Performance indicators | ||||||||||
| B2P015: Key Performance indicators |
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| B2P016: Execution of operations | ||||||||||
| B2P016: Execution of operations | Current PED status (WP5 SPARCS): Conceptualization and methodology definition of the (virtual) PED for Maia Municipality with real monitoring and assessment in order to replicate and scale up to a city-level PED. The financial investments were already targeted. | |||||||||
| B2P017: Capacities | ||||||||||
| B2P017: Capacities | - Building simulation model: thermal inertia and thermal loads of a building or community can be co-simulated with a building model. – System Operator and Aggregator simulation models: the interaction with remote control actions carried out by electricity System Operators or flexibility Aggregators can be simulated as well. – Grid simulation model: the physical interaction of the building with the grid power supply can be simulated enabling the experimental validation of flexibility services to the network. | _Energy production and storage, _Monitoring; _Digitization. | ||||||||
| B2P018: Relations with stakeholders | ||||||||||
| B2P018: Relations with stakeholders | The relationship with stakeholders (municipal companies, industry, citizens, etc) has been fundamental for the definition of the PED. In this sense, some sessions were organized to gather different points of view in order to trace the best path for the PED. Also, the participation of Maia Municipality in EU projects, as EHHUR and OMEGA-X, makes possible the share of knowledge between different partners. | |||||||||
| B2P019: Available tools | ||||||||||
| B2P019: Available tools |
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| B2P019: Available tools | ||||||||||
| B2P020: External accessibility | ||||||||||
| B2P020: External accessibility | ||||||||||
| C1P001: Unlocking Factors | ||||||||||
| C1P001: Recent technological improvements for on-site RES production | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: Innovative, integrated, prefabricated packages for buildings envelope / Energy efficiency of building stock | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: Energy Communities, P2P, Prosumers concepts | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: Storage systems and E-mobility market penetration | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P001: Decreasing costs of innovative materials | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: Financial mechanisms to reduce costs and maximize benefits | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: The ability to predict Multiple Benefits | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P001: The ability to predict the distribution of benefits and impacts | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P001: Citizens improved awareness and engagement on sustainable energy issues (bottom-up) | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: Social acceptance (top-down) | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: Improved local and national policy frameworks (i.e. incentives, laws etc.) | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: Presence of integrated urban strategies and plans | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: Multidisciplinary approaches available for systemic integration | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: Availability of grants (from EC or other donors) to finance the PED Lab projects | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: Availability of RES on site (Local RES) | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P001: Ongoing or established collaboration on Public Private Partnership among key stakeholders | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: Any other UNLOCKING FACTORS | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P001: Any other UNLOCKING FACTORS (if any) | Collaboration with the local partners | |||||||||
| C1P002: Driving Factors | ||||||||||
| C1P002: Climate Change adaptation need | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P002: Climate Change mitigation need (local RES production and efficiency) | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P002: Rapid urbanization trend and need of urban expansions | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P002: Urban re-development of existing built environment | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P002: Economic growth need | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P002: Improved local environmental quality (air, noise, aesthetics, etc.) | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P002: Territorial and market attractiveness | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P002: Energy autonomy/independence | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P002: Any other DRIVING FACTOR | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P002: Any other DRIVING FACTOR (if any) | Earthquakes due to gas extraction | |||||||||
| C1P003: Administrative barriers | ||||||||||
| C1P003: Difficulty in the coordination of high number of partners and authorities | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P003: Lack of good cooperation and acceptance among partners | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P003: Lack of public participation | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P003: Lack of institutions/mechanisms to disseminate information | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P003:Long and complex procedures for authorization of project activities | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P003: Time consuming requirements by EC or other donors concerning reporting and accountancy | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P003: Complicated and non-comprehensive public procurement | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P003: Fragmented and or complex ownership structure | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P003: City administration & cross-sectoral attitude/approaches (silos) | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P003: Lack of internal capacities to support energy transition | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P003: Any other Administrative BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P003: Any other Administrative BARRIER (if any) | Fragmented financial support; lack of experimental budget for complex projects, etc. | |||||||||
| C1P004: Policy barriers | ||||||||||
| C1P004: Lack of long-term and consistent energy plans and policies | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P004: Lacking or fragmented local political commitment and support on the long term | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P004: Lack of Cooperation & support between national-regional-local entities | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P004: Any other Political BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P004: Any other Political BARRIER (if any) | Different priorities; overall problematic system od decentralization powers; non-fuctioning model of local development funding, etc. | |||||||||
| C1P005: Legal and Regulatory barriers | ||||||||||
| C1P005: Inadequate regulations for new technologies | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P005: Regulatory instability | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P005: Non-effective regulations | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P005: Unfavorable local regulations for innovative technologies | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P005: Building code and land-use planning hindering innovative technologies | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P005: Insufficient or insecure financial incentives | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P005: Unresolved privacy concerns and limiting nature of privacy protection regulation | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P005: Shortage of proven and tested solutions and examples | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P005: Any other Legal and Regulatory BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P005: Any other Legal and Regulatory BARRIER (if any) | ||||||||||
| C1P006: Environmental barriers | ||||||||||
| C1P006: Environmental barriers | 2 - Slightly important | Urban area very high buildings (and apartment) density and thus, less available space for renewable sources. | ||||||||
| C1P007: Technical barriers | ||||||||||
| C1P007: Lack of skilled and trained personnel | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P007: Deficient planning | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P007: Retrofitting work in dwellings in occupied state | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P007: Lack of well-defined process | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P007: Inaccuracy in energy modelling and simulation | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P007: Lack/cost of computational scalability | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P007: Grid congestion, grid instability | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P007: Negative effects of project intervention on the natural environment | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P007: Energy retrofitting work in dense and/or historical urban environment | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P007: Difficult definition of system boundaries | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P007: Any other Thecnical BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P007: Any other Thecnical BARRIER (if any) | Inadequate regulation towards energy transition | |||||||||
| C1P008: Social and Cultural barriers | ||||||||||
| C1P008: Inertia | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P008: Lack of values and interest in energy optimization measurements | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P008: Low acceptance of new projects and technologies | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P008: Difficulty of finding and engaging relevant actors | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P008: Lack of trust beyond social network | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P008: Rebound effect | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards environmentalism | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P008: Exclusion of socially disadvantaged groups | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P008: Non-energy issues are more important and urgent for actors | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards energy collaboration | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P008: Any other Social BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P008: Any other Social BARRIER (if any) | ||||||||||
| C1P009: Information and Awareness barriers | ||||||||||
| C1P009: Insufficient information on the part of potential users and consumers | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P009: Perception of interventions as complicated and expensive, with negative socio-economic or environmental impacts | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P009: Lack of awareness among authorities | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P009: Information asymmetry causing power asymmetry of established actors | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P009: High costs of design, material, construction, and installation | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P009: Any other Information and Awareness BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P009: Any other Information and Awareness BARRIER (if any) | ||||||||||
| C1P010: Financial barriers | ||||||||||
| C1P010: Hidden costs | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P010: Insufficient external financial support and funding for project activities | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P010: Economic crisis | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P010: Risk and uncertainty | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P010: Lack of consolidated and tested business models | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P010: Limited access to capital and cost disincentives | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | ||
| C1P010: Any other Financial BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P010: Any other Financial BARRIER (if any) | ||||||||||
| C1P011: Market barriers | ||||||||||
| C1P011: Split incentives | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P011: Energy price distortion | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P011: Energy market concentration, gatekeeper actors (DSOs) | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P011: Any other Market BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | |
| C1P011: Any other Market BARRIER (if any) | ||||||||||
| C1P012: Stakeholders involved | ||||||||||
| C1P012: Government/Public Authorities |
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| C1P012: Research & Innovation |
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| C1P012: Financial/Funding |
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| C1P012: Analyst, ICT and Big Data |
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| C1P012: Business process management |
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| C1P012: Urban Services providers |
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| C1P012: Real Estate developers |
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| C1P012: Design/Construction companies |
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| C1P012: End‐users/Occupants/Energy Citizens |
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| C1P012: Social/Civil Society/NGOs |
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| C1P012: Industry/SME/eCommerce |
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| C1P012: Other | ||||||||||
| C1P012: Other (if any) | ||||||||||
| Summary |
Authors (framework concept)
Beril Alpagut (Demir Energy); Giulia Turci (University of Bologna); Michal Kuzmic (Czech Technical University in Prague); Paolo Civiero (Università Roma Tre); Serena Pagliulia (University of Bologna); Oscar Seco (CIEMAT); Silvia Soutullo (CIEMAT); Daniele Vettorato (EURAC Research, IEA Annex 83); Bailador Ferreras M. Almudena (CIEMAT); Vicky Albert-Seifried (FHG ISE)
Contributors (to the content)
Laura Aelenei (LNEG), Nienke Maas (TNO), Savis Gohari (OsloMet), Andras Reith (ABUD), Ghazal Etminan (AIT), Maria-Beatrice Andreucci (Universita Sapienza), Francesco Reda (VTT, IEA Annex 83), Mari Hukkalainen (VTT), Judith-Borsboom (Locality), Gilda Massa (ENEA), Jelena Ziemele (University of Latvia), Nikola Pokorny (CVUT), Sergio Diaz de Garayo Balsategui (CENER, IEA Annex 83), Matthias Haaze (ZHAW, IEA Annex 83), Christoph Gollner (FFG, JPI UE), Silvia Bossi (ENEA, JPI UE), Christian Winzer (Zurich University of Applied Science), George Martinopoulos (Centre for Research and Technology Hellas), Maria Nuria Sánchez (CIEMAT), Angelina Tomova (Energy Agency of Plovdiv)
Implemented by
Boutik.pt: Filipe Martins, Jamal Khan
Marek Suchánek (Czech Technical University in Prague)
