| Name | Project | Type | Compare |
|---|---|---|---|
| Romania, Alba Iulia PED | ASCEND – Accelerate poSitive Clean ENergy Districts | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Romania, Alba Iulia PED | InterPED – INTERoperable cloud-based solution for cross-vector planning and management of Positive Energy Districts | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Munich, Harthof district | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Lublin | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Roubaix, MustBe0 – Résidence Philippe le Hardi – 125 Rue d’Oran | CULTURAL-E – Climate and cultural-based solutions for Plus Energy Buildings | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Bærum, Eiksveien 116 | CULTURAL-E – Climate and cultural-based solutions for Plus Energy Buildings | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Findhorn, the Park | InterPED – INTERoperable cloud-based solution for cross-vector planning and management of Positive Energy Districts | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Amsterdam, Buiksloterham PED | ATELIER – AmsTErdam BiLbao cItizen drivEn smaRt cities | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Schönbühel-Aggsbach, Schönbühel an der Donau | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Umeå, Ålidhem district | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Aalborg East | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Uncompare | |
| Ankara, Çamlık District | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Trenčín | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Luxembourg, Betzdorf | LEGOFIT – Adaptable technological solutions based on early design actions for the construction and renovation of Energy Positive Homes | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Vantaa, Aviapolis | NEUTRALPATH – Pathway towards Climate-Neutrality through low risky and fully replicable Positive Clean Energy Districts | PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Vidin, Himik and Bononia | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Oslo, Verksbyen | Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Uden, Loopkantstraat | Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Zaragoza, Actur | NEUTRALPATH – Pathway towards Climate-Neutrality through low risky and fully replicable Positive Clean Energy Districts | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Aarhus, Brabrand | BIPED – Building Intelligent Positive Energy Districts | PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Riga, Ķīpsala, RTU smart student city | ExPEDite – Enabling Positive Energy Districts through Digital Twins | PED Case Study | Uncompare |
| Izmir, District of Karşıyaka | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Case Study | Uncompare |
| Istanbul, Ozyegin University Campus | LEGOFIT – Adaptable technological solutions based on early design actions for the construction and renovation of Energy Positive Homes | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Espoo, Kera | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Case Study / PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Borlänge, Rymdgatan’s Residential Portfolio | PED-ACT – Auto characterization of PEDs for digital references towards iterative process optimisation | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Freiburg, Waldsee | PED urban – Development of methods and tools for accounting, planning and operation of climate-neutral district | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Innsbruck, Campagne-Areal | PED Relevant Case Study | Uncompare | |
| Graz, Reininghausgründe | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Stor-Elvdal, Campus Evenstad | ZEN – Research Centre on Zero Emission Neighbourhoods in Smart Cities | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Oulu, Kaukovainio | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Halmstad, Fyllinge | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare | |
| Lund, Brunnshög district | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Vienna, Am Kempelenpark | PED Case Study | Compare | |
| Évora, Portugal | POCITYF – A POsitive Energy CITY Transformation Framework | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | Compare |
| Kladno, Sletiště (Sport Area), PED Winter Stadium | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Groningen, PED South | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Lab | Compare |
| Groningen, PED North | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Lab | Uncompare |
| Maia, Sobreiro Social Housing | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Lab | Compare |
| Lubia (Soria), CEDER-CIEMAT | PED Lab | Compare | |
| Tampere, Ilokkaanpuisto district | STARDUST – Holistic and Integrated Urban Model for Smart Cities | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Leon, Former Sugar Factory district | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Istanbul, Kadikoy district, Caferaga | MAKING-CITY – Energy efficient pathway for the city transformation: enabling a positive future | PED Case Study | Uncompare |
| Espoo, Leppävaara district, Sello center | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Espoo, Espoonlahti district, Lippulaiva block | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Salzburg, Gneis district | Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramenet | Syn.ikia – Sustainable Plus Energy Neighbourhoods | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Tartu, City centre area | SmartEnCity – Towards Smart Zero CO2 Cities across Europe | PED Relevant Case Study / PED Lab | |
| Bologna, Pilastro-Roveri district | GRETA – GReen Energy Transition Actions | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Barcelona, SEILAB & Energy SmartLab | PED Lab | Compare | |
| Leipzig, Baumwollspinnerei district | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Case Study | Compare |
| Kifissia, Energy community | SPARCS – Sustainable energy Positive & zero cARbon CommunitieS | PED Relevant Case Study | Compare |
| Title | Tartu, City centre area | Aalborg East, Aalborg Municipality, Region of Northern Jutland, Denmark | Groningen, PED North | Istanbul, Kadikoy district, Caferaga | Innsbruck, Campagne-Areal | Riga, Ķīpsala, RTU smart student city | Izmir, District of Karşıyaka |
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| A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED Lab | |||||||
| A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED Lab | Tartu, City centre area | Aalborg East, Aalborg Municipality, Region of Northern Jutland, Denmark | Groningen, PED North | Istanbul, Kadikoy district, Caferaga | Innsbruck, Campagne-Areal | Riga, Ķīpsala, RTU smart student city | Izmir, District of Karşıyaka |
| A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet | |||||||
| A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet |
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| A1P003: Categorisation of the PED site | |||||||
| PED case study | no | no | no | yes | no | yes | yes |
| PED relevant case study | yes | yes | no | no | yes | no | no |
| PED Lab. | yes | yes | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A1P004: Targets of the PED case study / PED Lab | |||||||
| Climate neutrality | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes |
| Annual energy surplus | no | no | yes | no | no | no | yes |
| Energy community | no | no | yes | yes | no | yes | no |
| Circularity | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| Air quality and urban comfort | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes |
| Electrification | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| Net-zero energy cost | no | no | no | no | no | no | yes |
| Net-zero emission | yes | no | yes | no | yes | no | no |
| Self-sufficiency (energy autonomous) | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no |
| Maximise self-sufficiency | yes | yes | no | no | no | yes | yes |
| Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| Other (A1P004) | |||||||
| A1P005: Phase of the PED case study / PED Lab | |||||||
| A1P005: Project Phase of your case study/PED Lab | Implementation Phase | Planning Phase | Implementation Phase | Planning Phase | Completed | Planning Phase | Planning Phase |
| A1P006: Start Date | |||||||
| A1P006: Start date | 02/16 | 11/22 | 12/18 | 01/20 | 04/16 | 01/24 | 10/22 |
| A1P007: End Date | |||||||
| A1P007: End date | 07/22 | 11/25 | 12/23 | 12/22 | 04/22 | 12/26 | 10/25 |
| A1P008: Reference Project | |||||||
| A1P008: Reference Project | |||||||
| A1P009: Data availability | |||||||
| A1P009: Data availability |
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| A1P009: Other | Other | ||||||
| A1P010: Sources | |||||||
| Any publication, link to website, deliverable referring to the PED/PED Lab |
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| A1P011: Geographic coordinates | |||||||
| X Coordinate (longitude): | 26.722737 | 10.007 | 6.535121 | 29.02631952687517 | 11.424346738140256 | 24.08168339 | 27.110049 |
| Y Coordinate (latitude): | 58.380713 | 57.041028 | 53.234846 | 40.98841395247461 | 47.271470786729104 | 56.95245956 | 38.496054 |
| A1P012: Country | |||||||
| A1P012: Country | Estonia | Denmark | Netherlands | Turkey | Austria | Latvia | Turkey |
| A1P013: City | |||||||
| A1P013: City | Tartu | Aalborg | Groningen | Istanbul | Innsbruck | Riga | İzmir |
| A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification) | |||||||
| A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification). | Dfb | Dfb | Cfa | Csb | Dfb | Cfb | Csa |
| A1P015: District boundary | |||||||
| A1P015: District boundary | Functional | Virtual | Functional | Geographic | Geographic | Geographic | Geographic |
| Other | |||||||
| A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab | |||||||
| A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab: | Private | Public | Mixed | Mixed | Mixed | Public | Private |
| A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure | |||||||
| A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure: | Multiple Owners | Multiple Owners | Multiple Owners | Multiple Owners | Multiple Owners | Multiple Owners | Multiple Owners |
| A1P018: Number of buildings in PED | |||||||
| A1P018: Number of buildings in PED | 18 | 7 | 13 | 4 | 15 | 21 | |
| A1P019: Conditioned space | |||||||
| A1P019: Conditioned space [m²] | 35217 | 1.01 | 116052 | 22277 | 170000 | 102795 | |
| A1P020: Total ground area | |||||||
| A1P020: Total ground area [m²] | 793144 | 31308000 | 17.132 | 1151727 | 11351 | 119264 | 32600 |
| A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area | |||||||
| A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 3 |
| A1P022: Financial schemes | |||||||
| A1P022a: Financing - PRIVATE - Real estate | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022a: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | 6500000 | ||||||
| A1P022b: Financing - PRIVATE - ESCO scheme | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022b: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||
| A1P022c: Financing - PRIVATE - Other | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022c: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||
| A1P022d: Financing - PUBLIC - EU structural funding | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022d: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | 4000000 | ||||||
| A1P022e: Financing - PUBLIC - National funding | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022e: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | 8000000 | ||||||
| A1P022f: Financing - PUBLIC - Regional funding | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022f: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||
| A1P022g: Financing - PUBLIC - Municipal funding | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022g: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||
| A1P022h: Financing - PUBLIC - Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022h: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||
| A1P022i: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - EU | no | no | yes | yes | no | yes | yes |
| A1P022i: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | 7500000 | 1193355 | |||||
| A1P022j: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - National | no | yes | no | no | yes | no | yes |
| A1P022j: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||
| A1P022k: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - Local/regional | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022k: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||
| A1P022l: Financing - RESEARCH FUNDING - Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A1P022l: Add the value in EUR if available [EUR] | |||||||
| A1P022: Other | |||||||
| A1P023: Economic Targets | |||||||
| A1P023: Economic Targets |
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| A1P023: Other | Boosting new investors to the area, - Increasing the touristic value of area and urban mobility at the area, - Increasing the regional value (housing price, etc.), - Providing economic advantages by switching to positive energy production | Create affordable appartments for the citizens | |||||
| A1P024: More comments: | |||||||
| A1P024: More comments: | Owners are two local social housing companies. The complete district will consist 4 building blocks, from which only the first one with 4 building is ready built and occupied. At the end, it would be a district of ca. 1100 flats in 16 buildings with 78000 m2 | ||||||
| A1P025: Estimated PED case study / PED LAB costs | |||||||
| A1P025: Estimated PED case study / PED LAB costs [mil. EUR] | 25 | ||||||
| Contact person for general enquiries | |||||||
| A1P026: Name | Jaanus Tamm | Kristian Olesen | Jasper Tonen, Elisabeth Koops | Mr. Dogan UNERI | Georgios Dermentzis | Judith Stiekema | Ozlem Senyol |
| A1P027: Organization | Tartu City Government | Aalborg University | Municipality of Groningen | Municipality of Kadikoy | University of Innsbruck | OASC | Karsiyaka Municipality |
| A1P028: Affiliation | Municipality / Public Bodies | Research Center / University | Municipality / Public Bodies | Municipality / Public Bodies | Research Center / University | Other | Municipality / Public Bodies |
| A1P028: Other | not for profit private organisation | ||||||
| A1P029: Email | Jaanus.tamm@tartu.ee | Kristian@plan.aau.dk | Jasper.tonen@groningen.nl | dogan.uneri@kadikoy.bel.tr | Georgios.Dermentzis@uibk.ac.at | judith@oascities.org | ozlemkocaer2@gmail.com |
| Contact person for other special topics | |||||||
| A1P030: Name | Kaspar Alev | Alex Søgaard Moreno | Mrs. Damla MUHCU YILMAZ | Hasan Burak Cavka | |||
| A1P031: Email | Kaspar.alev@tartu.ee | asm@aalborg.dk | damla.muhcu@kadikoy.bel.tr | hasancavka@iyte.edu.tr | |||
| Pursuant to the General Data Protection Regulation | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| A2P001: Fields of application | |||||||
| A2P001: Fields of application |
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| A2P001: Other | |||||||
| A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fields | |||||||
| A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fields | Energy efficiency: - buildings retrofitting - combined public and private financing - low temperature central heating - LED lighting Energy production: - installation of photovoltaic (PV) systems for renewable on-site energy production; Digital technologies: - smart-meters smart home system. Smart city information platform E-mobility - Installation of new charging stations for electric vehicles; - e-bike/bikesharing services implementation. Urban comfort and air quality - Control units for air pollutants concentration (PM2.5, PM10, NO2) - Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan - SECAP) | Stakeholder engagement, expert energy system analysis, future scenarios | Energy efficiency: - buildings energy retrofit supported by tax bonuses - replacing heat supply technologies Energy production: - installation of new (PV) systems for renewable on-site energy production; - presence of a large PV plant in the South East (2 solar parks: 12MW and 107MW) and North area (0,4 MW) Energy flexibility: - energy storage solutions, battery storage and possible hydrogen production - GRID balancing services E-mobility - Installation of new charging stations for electric vehicles; Urban Management - make use of the organizational structure Waste Management - circular use of municipal waste streams | The buildings are designed based on Passive House standards and dynamic building and system simulations are performed to optimise the HVAC systems, that are a ground-water heat pump for space heating and district heating for domestic hot water preparation. Photovoltaic systems are installed in the available roof spaces, however, more renewable sources are required due to very large number of apartments (very high density) to reach PED, and thus, simulation studies are performed. | A suite of replicable modeling tools will enable stakeholders to analyze planning actions towards positive energy in a cost-effective fashion, aiding their evidence based decision-making process. The tools will be able to model the district’s energy production and demand, optimize for flexibility and simulate mobility and transport. By employing gamification and co-creation approaches, the project will enhance public awareness and engagement in energy efficiency. The project will culminate in the publication of practical guidelines, reusable models, algorithms, and training materials to aid other cities to replicate the digital twin for their districts, fostering widespread adoption of sustainable energy practices. | Methods involve studying the feasibility of digital PED references for the case cities about their energy, environmental, and economic performance by EnergyPlus tool. In case of insufficient energy data and the need of high resolution data, ‘Gaussian mixture model and expectation-maximization algorithm’ and ‘time-series decomposition-recombination’ method will be used to supplement data to EnergyPlus. The feasibility results will be returned to stakeholders for iterative discussion, and the iterative results will be used to update digital references. Replication plans are developed based on such a cooperation process for strategies to implement PEDs. If a PED is demonstrated during the project period, the measured data will be used to verify the feasibility model to optimize previous results (WP7– R3 & R4). In the MAKING-CITY project, the overall PED design method is developed, which will be further optimised in this project. In addition, PED-ACT will use the methods and knowledge, including how to choose a suitable PED in a city, energy balance calculation, and technologies available for PED. The RUGGEDISED project outputs the governance model into the replication plan in PED-ACT. Its ‘smart city open-data decision platform’ will illustrate an excellent example for the database in PED-ACT. The IEA EBC Annex 83 and Cost Action 19126 create the basis for data collection, developing existing PED databases, characterization of PED, and review of regulations of PED, as well as development of simulation tools. The UBEM project further enables a detailed high-resolution energy balance calculation of PED. | |
| A2P003: Application of ISO52000 | |||||||
| A2P003: Application of ISO52000 | No | No | No | Yes | No | No | Yes |
| A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balance | |||||||
| A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balance | Yes | No | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balance | |||||||
| A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balance | No | No | No | No | Yes | No | |
| A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculation | |||||||
| A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculation | Large combined industrial, residential, and commercial area with complex flows of in- and outgoing traffic. | Mobility, till now, is not included in the energy model. | The university operates a fleet of 13 electric vehicles (EV) (61kW power each). There are 5 EV charging stations on campus. | Mobility is not included in the calculations. | |||
| A2P007: Annual energy demand in buildings / Thermal demand | |||||||
| A2P007: Annual energy demand in buildings / Thermal demand [GWh/annum] | 9.1 | 218 | 2.3 | 0.94 | 0.39 | 8000 | 3.862 |
| A2P008: Annual energy demand in buildings / Electric Demand | |||||||
| A2P008: Annual energy demand in buildings / Electric Demand [GWh/annum] | 148 | 0.33 | 0.10 | 0.655 | 5000 | 1.226 | |
| A2P009: Annual energy demand for e-mobility | |||||||
| A2P009: Annual energy demand for e-mobility [GWh/annum] | 0 | ||||||
| A2P010: Annual energy demand for urban infrastructure | |||||||
| A2P010: Annual energy demand for urban infrastructure [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P011: Annual renewable electricity production on-site during target year | |||||||
| A2P011: PV | yes | no | no | yes | yes | no | yes |
| A2P011: PV - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0.51 | 0.42 | 1.028 | ||||
| A2P011: Wind | no | yes | no | no | no | yes | no |
| A2P011: Wind - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P011: Hydro | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: Hydro - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P011: Biomass_el | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: Biomass_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P011: Biomass_peat_el | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: Biomass_peat_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P011: PVT_el | no | no | no | no | no | yes | no |
| A2P011: PVT_el - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P011: Other | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P011: Other - specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P012: Annual renewable thermal production on-site during target year | |||||||
| A2P012: Geothermal | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Geothermal: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P012: Solar Thermal | yes | no | yes | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Solar Thermal: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0.5 | 0.08 | |||||
| A2P012: Biomass_heat | no | no | yes | no | no | yes | no |
| A2P012 - Biomass_heat: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 0.1 | ||||||
| A2P012: Waste heat+HP | no | yes | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Waste heat+HP: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | 300 | ||||||
| A2P012: Biomass_peat_heat | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Biomass_peat_heat: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P012: PVT_th | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - PVT_th: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P012: Biomass_firewood_th | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Biomass_firewood_th: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P012: Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P012 - Other: Please specify production in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P013: Renewable resources on-site - Additional notes | |||||||
| A2P013: Renewable resources on-site - Additional notes | Very little wind production currently exists in the area. The electricity production of the waste incineration plant will be included at a later date. Aalborg East is partly a remarkable area for hosting a Portland cement factory that accounts for a substantial share of Denmark’s total CO2 emissions. In turn, it also provides waste heat to the district heating grid for all of Aalborg city and some of the smaller towns that are connected to the same DH grid. | Geothermal heatpump systems, Waste heat from data centers | Two scenarios are conducted regarding Kadikoy PED energy generation. For the second scenario, just 0.53GWh/annum PV production is proposed. | Conventional power generation: The university’s heat supply is designed as a local centralized heat supply system. Electrical power, generated in combined heat and power (CHP) units, is delivered to the distribution network and sold to energy traders as regulated by local legislation and norms. There are two natural gas burners acting as heat sources (3MW and 6MW capacity), and two CHP units (1.6MW and 0.45MW thermal capacity). All heating is supplied from the CHP plants. Renewable Energy Sources (RES): a wind turbine (3.6 kW) and PV panels (11.7 kW) are connected to the faculty microgrid. In the future it is planned to power the campus entirely from local RES. | |||
| A2P014: Annual energy use | |||||||
| A2P014: Annual energy use [GWh/annum] | 620 | 0.74 | 0.96 | 5.088 | |||
| A2P015: Annual energy delivered | |||||||
| A2P015: Annual energy delivered [GWh/annum] | 399 | 0.49 | -2 | ||||
| A2P016: Annual non-renewable electricity production on-site during target year | |||||||
| A2P016: Annual non-renewable electricity production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | 0 | ||||||
| A2P017: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year | |||||||
| A2P017: Gas | no | no | no | no | no | yes | yes |
| A2P017 - Gas: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P017: Coal | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P017 - Coal: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P017: Oil | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P017 - Oil: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P017: Other | no | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P017 - Other: Annual non-renewable thermal production on-site during target year [GWh/annum] | 300 | ||||||
| A2P018: Annual renewable electricity imports from outside the boundary during target year | |||||||
| A2P018: PV | no | no | no | yes | no | no | yes |
| A2P018 - PV: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | -0.26 | 0.707 | |||||
| A2P018: Wind | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - Wind: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P018: Hydro | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - Hydro: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P018: Biomass_el | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - Biomass_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P018: Biomass_peat_el | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - Biomass_peat_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P018: PVT_el | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - PVT_el: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P018: Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P018 - Other: specify production in GWh/annum if available [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P019: Annual renewable thermal imports from outside the boundary during target year | |||||||
| A2P019: Geothermal | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Geothermal: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P019: Solar Thermal | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Solar Thermal: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P019: Biomass_heat | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Biomass_heat: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P019: Waste heat+HP | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Waste heat+HP: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P019: Biomass_peat_heat | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Biomass_peat_heat: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P019: PVT_th | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 PVT_th: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P019: Biomass_firewood_th | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Biomass_firewood_th: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P019: Other | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P019 Other: Please specify imports in GWh/annum [GWh/annum] | |||||||
| A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary | |||||||
| A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary | 0 | 0 | 0 | -2.2692307692308 | 0 | 0 | 1.4540311173975 |
| A2P021: GHG-balance calculated for the PED | |||||||
| A2P021: GHG-balance calculated for the PED [tCO2/annum] | 980 | ||||||
| A2P022: KPIs related to the PED case study / PED Lab | |||||||
| A2P022: Safety & Security | |||||||
| A2P022: Health | indoor air quility (indoor CO2 concentration) - measured on the extract air of the mechanical ventilation system. Relative humidity to avoid mold. | ||||||
| A2P022: Education | |||||||
| A2P022: Mobility | |||||||
| A2P022: Energy | Space heating demand, thermal energy delivered by district heating, electricity of the heat pump, thermal losses of the pipes, and PV production. | ||||||
| A2P022: Water | |||||||
| A2P022: Economic development | |||||||
| A2P022: Housing and Community | |||||||
| A2P022: Waste | |||||||
| A2P022: Other | |||||||
| A2P023: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Generation | |||||||
| A2P023: Photovoltaics | yes | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | yes |
| A2P023: Solar thermal collectors | no | yes | yes | yes | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Wind Turbines | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Geothermal energy system | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Waste heat recovery | no | yes | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Waste to energy | no | yes | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Polygeneration | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Co-generation | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Heat Pump | no | yes | yes | yes | yes | no | yes |
| A2P023: Hydrogen | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Hydropower plant | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Biomass | yes | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Biogas | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P023: Other | |||||||
| A2P024: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Flexibility | |||||||
| A2P024: A2P024: Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) | yes | no | yes | no | no | yes | no |
| A2P024: Energy management system | yes | yes | yes | no | no | yes | no |
| A2P024: Demand-side management | no | yes | yes | no | no | yes | no |
| A2P024: Smart electricity grid | no | yes | no | no | no | yes | no |
| A2P024: Thermal Storage | no | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | no |
| A2P024: Electric Storage | no | yes | yes | no | no | yes | no |
| A2P024: District Heating and Cooling | yes | yes | yes | no | yes | yes | no |
| A2P024: Smart metering and demand-responsive control systems | no | yes | yes | no | no | yes | no |
| A2P024: P2P – buildings | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| A2P024: Other | |||||||
| A2P025: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Energy Efficiency | |||||||
| A2P025: Deep Retrofitting | yes | yes | no | no | no | no | yes |
| A2P025: Energy efficiency measures in historic buildings | no | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: High-performance new buildings | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | no |
| A2P025: Smart Public infrastructure (e.g. smart lighting) | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: Urban data platforms | yes | no | yes | no | no | yes | no |
| A2P025: Mobile applications for citizens | yes | no | no | no | no | yes | no |
| A2P025: Building services (HVAC & Lighting) | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | yes |
| A2P025: Smart irrigation | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: Digital tracking for waste disposal | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: Smart surveillance | yes | yes | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P025: Other | |||||||
| A2P026: Technological Solutions / Innovations - Mobility | |||||||
| A2P026: Efficiency of vehicles (public and/or private) | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P026: Measures to reduce traffic volume (e.g. measure to support public transportation, shared mobility, measure to reduce journeys and distances) | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P026: e-Mobility | yes | no | yes | no | no | no | no |
| A2P026: Soft mobility infrastructures and last mile solutions | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P026: Car-free area | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| A2P026: Other | |||||||
| A2P027: Mobility strategies - Additional notes | |||||||
| A2P027: Mobility strategies - Additional notes | |||||||
| A2P028: Energy efficiency certificates | |||||||
| A2P028: Energy efficiency certificates | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| A2P028: If yes, please specify and/or enter notes | Energy Performance Certificate | Two buildings are certified "Passive House new build" | |||||
| A2P029: Any other building / district certificates | |||||||
| A2P029: Any other building / district certificates | No | No | No | No | No | ||
| A2P029: If yes, please specify and/or enter notes | |||||||
| A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy | |||||||
| A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy |
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| A3P002: Quantitative targets included in the city / national strategy | |||||||
| A3P002: Quantitative targets included in the city / national strategy | Reduction of 1018000 tons CO2 by 2030 | Karşıyaka Municipality is the first local government in Turkey to sign the Covenant of Mayors in 2011. During this period, the greenhouse gas inventory of the district was carried out three times and reduction targets were set for 2020 and 2030. In the 2021 Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan prepared as of the end of 2021, Karşıyaka Municipality has targeted a 40% reduction in its emissions for 2030 compared to the base year 2018. In the 2021 Sustainable Energy and Climate Action Plan, Karşıyaka Municipality aims to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions from 3.96 tCO2e / person in 2018 to 2.37 tCO2e / person in 2030. System solutions such as the use of renewable energy sources, air, ground or water source heat pump, cogeneration and microcogeneration are analysed by designers in order to fully or partially meet the energy requirements for heating, cooling, ventilation, hot water, electricity and lighting for all buildings with a floor area of less than 20,000 square metres. If at least 50% of the building's total energy consumption costs are covered by one or more of these applications, the points are taken in the assessment table in the Building and housing estate business certification guide of 2023. | |||||
| A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid | |||||||
| A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid |
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| A3P003: Other | District heating based mainly on heat pumps and renewable sources | ||||||
| A3P004: Identification of needs and priorities | |||||||
| A3P004: Identification of needs and priorities | Decarbonize part of Aalborg city as a way of working incrementally towards being a zero-emission city. | The priority was to eliminate the CO2 emissions by optimizing the building envelope and the heating systems. | According to the model developed for the district, the electrification of heating and cooling is necessary.Therefore, there needs to be the implementation of a heat pump. The building-integrated photovoltaic panelsshould follow. Through net-metering practices, the district is expected to reach energy positivity throughthis scenario. | ||||
| A3P005: Sustainable behaviour | |||||||
| A3P005: Sustainable behaviour | - Stakeholder engagement; - Focus on implementing renewable energy production where possible; - Rretrofitting and energy optimization of existing buildings. | In Groningen we are working with different sustainable behaviours approaches and also developed the Unified Citizen Engagement Approach (UCEA). Currently, there are two different approaches in use in the municipality of Groningen: the District energy approach (Wijkgerichte aanpak, developed by the Municipality of Groningen) and the Cooperative approach (Coöperative Aanpak, developed by Grunneger Power). Based upon those approaches and knowledge that is gained through social research executed by TNO and HUAS the new Unified Citizen Engagement Approach (UCEA) has been developed. | |||||
| A3P006: Economic strategies | |||||||
| A3P006: Economic strategies |
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| A3P006: Other | |||||||
| A3P007: Social models | |||||||
| A3P007: Social models |
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| A3P007: Other | |||||||
| A3P008: Integrated urban strategies | |||||||
| A3P008: Integrated urban strategies |
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| A3P008: Other | |||||||
| A3P009: Environmental strategies | |||||||
| A3P009: Environmental strategies |
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| A3P009: Other | |||||||
| A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspects | |||||||
| A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspects | Current energy tariffs disincentivize both individual and collective PV systems – meaning energy communities are not economically feasible, housing associations and public buildings struggle with finding a secure RoI for solar panels, and citizens and local industry lack an incentive to install solar panels on their own | At national/regional/local level a legislation on PEDs development is not yet available in the Netherlands. There will be a new Environmental Act and Heat Act in the nearby future. We are working on a paper about the current legal barriers, which are in short for Groningen: Lack of legal certainty and clarity with regard to the energy legislation. Lack of coherence between policy and legislation from different ministries. The planned revision of the Dutch Heat Law prevents Groningen from effectively realizing sustainable heat transition plans and goals. Lack of capacity on the distribution grid for electricity | |||||
| B1P001: PED/PED relevant concept definition | |||||||
| B1P001: PED/PED relevant concept definition | The large scale provides interesting opportunities for both urban development and strategic energy planning; the diverse mix of buildings and functions also allow for interesting discussions regarding PEDs. Another interesting facet is that the district heating grid is almost fully supplied by waste heat. | Extremely low building energy demand, the electric energy of the heat pump used for space heating is significantly lower compared to thermal energy for the domestic hot water preparation. | ExPEDite aims at creating and deploying a novel digital twin, allowing for real-time monitoring, visualization and management of district-level energy flows. Cities consume 65% of the world’s energy supply and are responsible for 70% of the CO² emissions, hence sharing a lot of the responsibility for climate change. We are faced with the challenge of redesigning our existing cities to make them more sustainable, resilient, inclusive and safe. Developing Positive Energy Districts (PEDs), is a breakthrough way to deal with the issue of urban emissions and applying adaptation and mitigation strategies to climate change, while ensuring that these urban areas generate an annual surplus of renewable energy and net zero greenhouse gas emissions. PEDs must address environmental, economic and social issues, providing solutions to energy consumption, production, emissions, transport & mobility and livability. By constantly monitoring and evaluating parameters through existing and/or novel sensor systems (e.g., renewable energy production/supply, transport conditions, air quality, energy demand, meteorological conditions, etc.), unconventional techniques may be applied to provide more sustainable options for the district’s needs. | The pilot area was selected on the basis of several criteria: its location within areas prioritised by Karşıyaka Municipality for combating climate change, compliance with the building regulations set out in the Green Building-Site-Operation (2023) guide, which are in line with Municipality's energy policy, the presence of open spaces that allow various applications for renewable energy, proximity to public facilities such as schools and municipal services, the availability of data on energy consumption (e.g. electricity and natural gas bills) and architectural features, the potential for community building, the suitability for solar energy systems, considering orientation and roof structure, and the potential for future building renovations. The aim of the initiative is to explore the feasibility of transforming the district into a Positive Energy District (PED). | |||
| B1P002: Motivation behind PED/PED relevant project development | |||||||
| B1P002: Motivation behind PED/PED relevant project development | The area has an interesting history of development and has recently undergone several urban improvements. This is coupled with a strong local network of business owners and other stakeholders, all with an interest in developing the area in the best way possible. This made for an interesting case from a planning perspective to investigate how this network would pick up on the concept of PED and whether they could see any potential utility in relation to their everyday experiences. | Since it is an urban area, with high building and apartment density, the need for CO2 reduction is quite relevant and thus, in new built, the minimization of CO2 emissions is crucial. | Expected outcome 1 Increased number of (tangible) city planning actions for positive clean energy districts using the (proto-)PED design, development and management digital twin tools (based on pre-market research learnings) using open-standards based components which can be reused elsewhere. 2 Increased integration of existing smaller scale management systems (e.g. Building management systems) with open-standards based operational city platforms using sectorial data (e.g. building data, mobility, urban planning, etc.). 3 Enhanced data gathering approaches with identification of relevant multidimensional data sets (e.g. meteorological, load profile, social, geo-spatial, etc.) high-resolution real-time data streams (e.g. renewable energy production, energy consumption), and relevant forecasting data, drawing also on the work of common European data spaces. 4 Increased number of city planning departments / approaches using common data and (replicable) elements and processes. 5 Consolidated city sensor network specifications, complemented by appropriate data gathering approaches for soft data. 6 Improved performance of AI based self-learning systems for optimization of positive clean energy districts and bottom-up complex models. 7 Enhanced innovation capacity of local/regional administrations and accelerated uptake of shared, smart and sustainable zero emission solutions. | ||||
| B1P003: Environment of the case study area | |||||||
| B2P003: Environment of the case study area | Urban area | Suburban area | Urban area | Urban area | Urban area | Urban area | |
| B1P004: Type of district | |||||||
| B2P004: Type of district |
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| B1P005: Case Study Context | |||||||
| B1P005: Case Study Context |
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| B1P006: Year of construction | |||||||
| B1P006: Year of construction | 2022 | 2005 | |||||
| B1P007: District population before intervention - Residential | |||||||
| B1P007: District population before intervention - Residential | 4500 | 16.931 | 23.379 | ||||
| B1P008: District population after intervention - Residential | |||||||
| B1P008: District population after intervention - Residential | 780 | ||||||
| B1P009: District population before intervention - Non-residential | |||||||
| B1P009: District population before intervention - Non-residential | |||||||
| B1P010: District population after intervention - Non-residential | |||||||
| B1P010: District population after intervention - Non-residential | |||||||
| B1P011: Population density before intervention | |||||||
| B1P011: Population density before intervention | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| B1P012: Population density after intervention | |||||||
| B1P012: Population density after intervention | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.068716412650868 | 0 | 0 |
| B1P013: Building and Land Use before intervention | |||||||
| B1P013: Residential | yes | no | no | yes | no | no | yes |
| B1P013 - Residential: Specify the sqm [m²] | 102795 | ||||||
| B1P013: Office | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Office: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||
| B1P013: Industry and Utility | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Industry and Utility: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||
| B1P013: Commercial | yes | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Commercial: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||
| B1P013: Institutional | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Institutional: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||
| B1P013: Natural areas | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Natural areas: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||
| B1P013: Recreational | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Recreational: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||
| B1P013: Dismissed areas | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Dismissed areas: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||
| B1P013: Other | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| B1P013 - Other: Specify the sqm [m²] | Cultural Center, Sports Center / Total building and land use data of neigborhood 13,878 residential, 4,441 commercial using before intervention. For project area & 49 building area m2 | ||||||
| B1P014: Building and Land Use after intervention | |||||||
| B1P014: Residential | yes | no | no | yes | yes | no | yes |
| B1P014 - Residential: Specify the sqm [m²] | 102795 | ||||||
| B1P014: Office | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Office: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||
| B1P014: Industry and Utility | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Industry and Utility: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||
| B1P014: Commercial | yes | no | no | yes | yes | no | no |
| B1P014 - Commercial: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||
| B1P014: Institutional | no | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| B1P014 - Institutional: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||
| B1P014: Natural areas | yes | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Natural areas: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||
| B1P014: Recreational | yes | no | no | no | yes | no | no |
| B1P014 - Recreational: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||
| B1P014: Dismissed areas | no | no | no | no | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Dismissed areas: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||
| B1P014: Other | no | no | no | yes | no | no | no |
| B1P014 - Other: Specify the sqm [m²] | |||||||
| B2P001: PED Lab concept definition | |||||||
| B2P001: PED Lab concept definition | An ongoing process and dialogue with local stakeholders to determine the future development of the area. | Groningen was selected as Lighthouse City for the MAKING-CITY project. MAKING-CITY is a 60-month Horizon 2020 project launched in December 2018. It aims to address and demonstrate the urban energy system transformation towards smart and low-carbon cities, based on the Positive Energy District (PED) concept. The PED operational models developed in MAKING-CITY will help European and other cities around the world to adopt a long-term City Vision 2050 for energy transition and sustainable urbanisation whilst turning citizens into actors of this transformation. Groningen works with two PED districts in two completely different neighbourhoods in terms of structure and buildings. This is why we see this as a lab: to see wat works and what doesn’t. In order to be able to implement this in the rest of the city. | |||||
| B2P002: Installation life time | |||||||
| B2P002: Installation life time | No new installation will be made throughout the project. Rather the project will attempt to establish a local PED network with the aim of empowering the stakeholders to better engage with sustainable technologies. | The MAKING-CITY project lasts from November 2018 – November 2023. By that time PED North and PED South East are a fact. | |||||
| B2P003: Scale of action | |||||||
| B2P003: Scale | District | District | District | ||||
| B2P004: Operator of the installation | |||||||
| B2P004: Operator of the installation | Kristian Olesen | The Municipality of Groningen is Manager of the lab but works closely with other parties such as the university, university of applied sciences, research institute TNO and several other parties. | |||||
| B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materials | |||||||
| B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materials | Replication is primarily focused on the establishment of a local network with an interest in and understanding of PED. | Groningen does not have a strategy to reuse and recyle materials | |||||
| B2P006: Circular Economy Approach | |||||||
| B2P006: Do you apply any strategy to reuse and recycling the materials? | No | No | No | ||||
| B2P006: Other | |||||||
| B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab | |||||||
| B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab |
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| B2P007: Other | |||||||
| B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED Lab | |||||||
| B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED Lab | Municipality | Research center/University | Municipality | ||||
| B2P008: Other | |||||||
| B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab | |||||||
| B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab |
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| B2P009: Other | research companies, monitoring company, ict company | ||||||
| B2P010: Synergies between the fields of activities | |||||||
| B2P010: Synergies between the fields of activities | |||||||
| B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab | |||||||
| B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab |
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| B2P011: Other | |||||||
| B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab | |||||||
| B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab |
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| B2P013: Availability of the facilities for external people | |||||||
| B2P013: Availability of the facilities for external people | |||||||
| B2P014: Monitoring measures | |||||||
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| B2P015: Key Performance indicators | |||||||
| B2P015: Key Performance indicators |
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| B2P016: Execution of operations | |||||||
| B2P016: Execution of operations | |||||||
| B2P017: Capacities | |||||||
| B2P017: Capacities | |||||||
| B2P018: Relations with stakeholders | |||||||
| B2P018: Relations with stakeholders | |||||||
| B2P019: Available tools | |||||||
| B2P019: Available tools |
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| B2P019: Available tools | |||||||
| B2P020: External accessibility | |||||||
| B2P020: External accessibility | |||||||
| C1P001: Unlocking Factors | |||||||
| C1P001: Recent technological improvements for on-site RES production | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P001: Innovative, integrated, prefabricated packages for buildings envelope / Energy efficiency of building stock | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important |
| C1P001: Energy Communities, P2P, Prosumers concepts | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: Storage systems and E-mobility market penetration | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: Decreasing costs of innovative materials | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P001: Financial mechanisms to reduce costs and maximize benefits | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important |
| C1P001: The ability to predict Multiple Benefits | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important |
| C1P001: The ability to predict the distribution of benefits and impacts | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important |
| C1P001: Citizens improved awareness and engagement on sustainable energy issues (bottom-up) | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important |
| C1P001: Social acceptance (top-down) | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P001: Improved local and national policy frameworks (i.e. incentives, laws etc.) | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P001: Presence of integrated urban strategies and plans | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P001: Multidisciplinary approaches available for systemic integration | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important |
| C1P001: Availability of grants (from EC or other donors) to finance the PED Lab projects | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P001: Availability of RES on site (Local RES) | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P001: Ongoing or established collaboration on Public Private Partnership among key stakeholders | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P001: Any other UNLOCKING FACTORS | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P001: Any other UNLOCKING FACTORS (if any) | |||||||
| C1P002: Driving Factors | |||||||
| C1P002: Climate Change adaptation need | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P002: Climate Change mitigation need (local RES production and efficiency) | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P002: Rapid urbanization trend and need of urban expansions | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P002: Urban re-development of existing built environment | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P002: Economic growth need | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important |
| C1P002: Improved local environmental quality (air, noise, aesthetics, etc.) | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P002: Territorial and market attractiveness | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P002: Energy autonomy/independence | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P002: Any other DRIVING FACTOR | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P002: Any other DRIVING FACTOR (if any) | Earthquakes due to gas extraction | ||||||
| C1P003: Administrative barriers | |||||||
| C1P003: Difficulty in the coordination of high number of partners and authorities | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important |
| C1P003: Lack of good cooperation and acceptance among partners | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P003: Lack of public participation | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P003: Lack of institutions/mechanisms to disseminate information | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important |
| C1P003:Long and complex procedures for authorization of project activities | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P003: Time consuming requirements by EC or other donors concerning reporting and accountancy | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P003: Complicated and non-comprehensive public procurement | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P003: Fragmented and or complex ownership structure | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P003: City administration & cross-sectoral attitude/approaches (silos) | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P003: Lack of internal capacities to support energy transition | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P003: Any other Administrative BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P003: Any other Administrative BARRIER (if any) | |||||||
| C1P004: Policy barriers | |||||||
| C1P004: Lack of long-term and consistent energy plans and policies | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important |
| C1P004: Lacking or fragmented local political commitment and support on the long term | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important |
| C1P004: Lack of Cooperation & support between national-regional-local entities | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important |
| C1P004: Any other Political BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P004: Any other Political BARRIER (if any) | |||||||
| C1P005: Legal and Regulatory barriers | |||||||
| C1P005: Inadequate regulations for new technologies | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P005: Regulatory instability | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P005: Non-effective regulations | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P005: Unfavorable local regulations for innovative technologies | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P005: Building code and land-use planning hindering innovative technologies | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P005: Insufficient or insecure financial incentives | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important |
| C1P005: Unresolved privacy concerns and limiting nature of privacy protection regulation | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P005: Shortage of proven and tested solutions and examples | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P005: Any other Legal and Regulatory BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P005: Any other Legal and Regulatory BARRIER (if any) | |||||||
| C1P006: Environmental barriers | |||||||
| C1P006: Environmental barriers | Urban area very high buildings (and apartment) density and thus, less available space for renewable sources. | - Climate Variability: 5 - Topographical Constraints: 4 - Sunlight Availability: 5 - Environmental Regulations: 3 - Zoning Restrictions: 2 - Air and Water Pollution: 2 - Natural Disasters: 1 - Water Scarcity: 1 | |||||
| C1P007: Technical barriers | |||||||
| C1P007: Lack of skilled and trained personnel | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P007: Deficient planning | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important |
| C1P007: Retrofitting work in dwellings in occupied state | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important |
| C1P007: Lack of well-defined process | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important |
| C1P007: Inaccuracy in energy modelling and simulation | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important |
| C1P007: Lack/cost of computational scalability | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important |
| C1P007: Grid congestion, grid instability | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P007: Negative effects of project intervention on the natural environment | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P007: Energy retrofitting work in dense and/or historical urban environment | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important |
| C1P007: Difficult definition of system boundaries | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important |
| C1P007: Any other Thecnical BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P007: Any other Thecnical BARRIER (if any) | |||||||
| C1P008: Social and Cultural barriers | |||||||
| C1P008: Inertia | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P008: Lack of values and interest in energy optimization measurements | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important |
| C1P008: Low acceptance of new projects and technologies | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P008: Difficulty of finding and engaging relevant actors | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important |
| C1P008: Lack of trust beyond social network | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P008: Rebound effect | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards environmentalism | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P008: Exclusion of socially disadvantaged groups | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P008: Non-energy issues are more important and urgent for actors | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important |
| C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards energy collaboration | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P008: Any other Social BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P008: Any other Social BARRIER (if any) | |||||||
| C1P009: Information and Awareness barriers | |||||||
| C1P009: Insufficient information on the part of potential users and consumers | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P009: Perception of interventions as complicated and expensive, with negative socio-economic or environmental impacts | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important |
| C1P009: Lack of awareness among authorities | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important |
| C1P009: Information asymmetry causing power asymmetry of established actors | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important |
| C1P009: High costs of design, material, construction, and installation | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P009: Any other Information and Awareness BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P009: Any other Information and Awareness BARRIER (if any) | |||||||
| C1P010: Financial barriers | |||||||
| C1P010: Hidden costs | 5 - Very important | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important |
| C1P010: Insufficient external financial support and funding for project activities | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P010: Economic crisis | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P010: Risk and uncertainty | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important |
| C1P010: Lack of consolidated and tested business models | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important |
| C1P010: Limited access to capital and cost disincentives | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 2 - Slightly important | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P010: Any other Financial BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P010: Any other Financial BARRIER (if any) | |||||||
| C1P011: Market barriers | |||||||
| C1P011: Split incentives | 4 - Important | 2 - Slightly important | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P011: Energy price distortion | 3 - Moderately important | 2 - Slightly important | 4 - Important | 5 - Very important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 5 - Very important |
| C1P011: Energy market concentration, gatekeeper actors (DSOs) | 4 - Important | 3 - Moderately important | 4 - Important | 4 - Important | 1 - Unimportant | 5 - Very important | 3 - Moderately important |
| C1P011: Any other Market BARRIER | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 1 - Unimportant | 3 - Moderately important | 1 - Unimportant |
| C1P011: Any other Market BARRIER (if any) | |||||||
| C1P012: Stakeholders involved | |||||||
| C1P012: Government/Public Authorities |
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| C1P012: Research & Innovation |
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| C1P012: Financial/Funding |
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| C1P012: Analyst, ICT and Big Data |
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| C1P012: Business process management |
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| C1P012: Urban Services providers |
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| C1P012: Real Estate developers |
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| C1P012: Design/Construction companies |
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| C1P012: End‐users/Occupants/Energy Citizens |
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| C1P012: Social/Civil Society/NGOs |
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| C1P012: Industry/SME/eCommerce |
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| C1P012: Other | |||||||
| C1P012: Other (if any) | |||||||
| Summary |
Authors (framework concept)
Beril Alpagut (Demir Energy); Giulia Turci (University of Bologna); Michal Kuzmic (Czech Technical University in Prague); Paolo Civiero (Università Roma Tre); Serena Pagliulia (University of Bologna); Oscar Seco (CIEMAT); Silvia Soutullo (CIEMAT); Daniele Vettorato (EURAC Research, IEA Annex 83); Bailador Ferreras M. Almudena (CIEMAT); Vicky Albert-Seifried (FHG ISE)
Contributors (to the content)
Laura Aelenei (LNEG), Nienke Maas (TNO), Savis Gohari (OsloMet), Andras Reith (ABUD), Ghazal Etminan (AIT), Maria-Beatrice Andreucci (Universita Sapienza), Francesco Reda (VTT, IEA Annex 83), Mari Hukkalainen (VTT), Judith-Borsboom (Locality), Gilda Massa (ENEA), Jelena Ziemele (University of Latvia), Nikola Pokorny (CVUT), Sergio Diaz de Garayo Balsategui (CENER, IEA Annex 83), Matthias Haaze (ZHAW, IEA Annex 83), Christoph Gollner (FFG, JPI UE), Silvia Bossi (ENEA, JPI UE), Christian Winzer (Zurich University of Applied Science), George Martinopoulos (Centre for Research and Technology Hellas), Maria Nuria Sánchez (CIEMAT), Angelina Tomova (Energy Agency of Plovdiv)
Implemented by
Boutik.pt: Filipe Martins, Jamal Khan
Marek Suchánek (Czech Technical University in Prague)
