| A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED Lab |
|
A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED Lab
|
| |
Groningen, the Netherlands
|
| A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet |
|
A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet
|
| |
|
| A1P003: Categorisation of the PED site |
|
PED Lab.
|
| |
|
| A1P004: Targets of the PED case study / PED Lab |
|
Climate neutrality
|
| |
|
|
Annual energy surplus
|
| |
|
|
Energy community
|
| |
|
|
Circularity
|
| |
|
|
Net-zero emission
|
| |
|
| A1P005: Phase of the PED case study / PED Lab |
|
A1P005: Project Phase of your case study/PED Lab
|
| |
Implementation Phase
|
| A1P006: Start Date |
|
A1P006: Start date
|
| |
12/18
|
| A1P007: End Date |
|
A1P007: End date
|
| |
12/23
|
| A1P009: Data availability |
|
A1P009: Data availability
|
| |
- Monitoring data available within the districts
- Open data city platform – different dashboards
- GIS open datasets
|
| A1P010: Sources |
|
Any publication, link to website, deliverable referring to the PED/PED Lab
|
| |
- TNO, Hanze, RUG
- Ped noord book
|
| A1P011: Geographic coordinates |
|
X Coordinate (longitude):
|
| |
6.535121
|
|
Y Coordinate (latitude):
|
| |
53.234846
|
| A1P012: Country |
|
A1P012: Country
|
| |
Netherlands
|
| A1P013: City |
|
A1P013: City
|
| |
Groningen
|
| A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification). |
|
A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification).
|
| |
Cfa
|
| A1P015: District boundary |
|
A1P015: District boundary
|
| |
Functional
|
| A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab: |
|
A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab:
|
| |
Mixed
|
| A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure: |
|
A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure:
|
| |
Multiple Owners
|
| A1P018: Number of buildings in PED |
|
A1P018: Number of buildings in PED
|
| |
11
|
| A1P019: Conditioned space |
|
A1P019: Conditioned space
|
| |
8.87
|
| A1P020: Total ground area |
|
A1P020: Total ground area
|
| |
62.225
|
| A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area |
|
A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area
|
| |
0
|
| A1P022: Financial schemes |
|
A1P022a: Financing – PRIVATE – Real estate
|
| |
- Financing – PRIVATE – Real estate
|
|
A1P022c: Financing – PRIVATE – Other
|
| |
- Financing – PRIVATE – Other
|
|
A1P022e: Financing – PUBLIC – National funding
|
| |
- Financing – PUBLIC – National funding
|
|
A1P022g: Financing – PUBLIC – Municipal funding
|
| |
- Financing – PUBLIC – Municipal funding
|
|
A1P022i: Financing – RESEARCH FUNDING – EU
|
| |
- Financing – RESEARCH FUNDING – EU
|
| A1P023: Economic Targets |
|
A1P023: Economic Targets
|
| |
- Boosting local businesses
- Boosting local and sustainable production
|
| A1P024: More comments: |
|
A1P024: More comments:
|
| |
Beschrijving PED…
The Pilastro-Roveri area is a large peri-urban district in the northeast of the city of Bologna (about 650 hectares). In particular, the northern area is mainly characterised by the residential sector of Pilastro, a significant expanse of social housing built in the 1960s in response to the housing emergency due to migrations from southern Italy and nowadays satisfying more global migrations. The southern area is instead characterised by the presence of the production district called Le Roveri. The area appears relevant for the research as it has several evolution potentials towards a climate-neutral district. In particular some key factors are interesting:
– the presence of one of the largest photovoltaic parks in Europe on the roofs of CAAB, characterised by a
production of 11,350,000 Kw/h of primary energy;
– the presence of companies attentive to the issues of climate change and energy, able to act as facilitators for
the area. This is the case of FIVE, a leader in the production of electric bicycles, whose plant is the first nZEB (nearly Zero Energy Building) production building in the city;
– the high presence of industrial buildings of different sizes needing a reduction in energy consumption;
– the presence of obsolete, sometimes in decay, and of general highly energy-intensive buildings in the Pilastro
area, accompanied by spread phenomena of energy poverty;
– the presence of spaces that could be converted (e.g. unused warehouses, unexploited green areas);
– the presence of an active community, characterised by numerous associations, but also by social challenges
linked to multiple reasons;
– the presence of local actors interested in the development of the area (including the municipality, the university, Confindustria, ENEA, Confartigianato, etc.).
Two main research projects are actually ongoing in the area, applying energy improvement and transition to
neutrality strategies: GECO – Green Energy Community, funded by EIT Climate-KIC and active since 2019, aims to trigger a virtuous path of energy sharing between companies and citizens through the creation of an energy community.
– GRETA – Green Energy Transition Actions, funded by the H2020 programme, aims to understand drivers and barriers on the involvement of citizens in the energy transition processes, by formulating Transition Paths and Energy Citizenship Contracts.
(from: Boeri, A., Boulanger, S., Turci, G., Pagliula, S. (2021) Strategie e tecnologie abilitanti per PED misti: efficienza tra smart cities e industria 4.0. TECHNE, 22, 180-190)
|
| Contact person for general enquiries |
|
A1P026: Name
|
| |
Jasper Tonen, Elisabeth Koops
|
|
A1P027: Organization
|
| |
Municipality of Groningen
|
|
A1P028: Affiliation
|
| |
Municipality / Public Bodies
|
|
A1P029: Email
|
| |
Jasper.tonen@groningen.nl
|
| Pursuant to the General Data Protection Regulation: Do you agree to have the information disclosed in this form, processed, stored and made publicly available by the COST Action PED-EU-NET? The names and contact information (name of the contact person, contact-email of the contact person, name of the project manager and contact e-mail of the project manager) may be used by PED-EU-NET members and external partners (Annex 83 and JPI UE) for further clarifications and updates. It is not possible to continue without providing consent. |
|
Pursuant to the General Data Protection Regulation
|
| |
Yes
|
| A2P001: Fields of application |
|
A2P001: Fields of application
|
| |
- Energy efficiency
- Energy flexibility
- Energy production
- E-mobility
- Urban comfort (pollution, heat island, noise level etc.)
- Waste management
|
| A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fields |
|
A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fields
|
| |
Energy efficiency:
– buildings energy retrofit supported by tax bonuses
– replacing heat supply technologies
Energy production:
– installation of new (PV) systems for renewable on-site energy production;
– presence of a large PV plant in the South East (2 solar parks: 12MW and 107MW) and North area (0,4 MW)
Energy flexibility:
– energy storage solutions, battery storage and possible hydrogen production
– GRID balancing services
E-mobility
– Installation of new charging stations for electric vehicles;
Urban Management
– make use of the organizational structure
Waste Management
– circular use of municipal waste streams
|
| A2P003: Application of ISO52000 |
|
A2P003: Application of ISO52000
|
| |
No
|
| A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balance |
|
A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balance
|
| |
No
|
| A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balance |
|
A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balance
|
| |
No
|
| A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculation |
|
A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculation
|
| |
Mobility, till now, is not included in the energy model.
|
| A2P012: Annual renewable thermal production on-site during target year |
|
A2P012: Geothermal
|
| |
|
|
A2P012: Solar Thermal
|
| |
|
|
A2P012: Biomass_heat
|
| |
|
|
A2P012: Waste heat+HP
|
| |
|
|
A2P012: PVT_th
|
| |
|
| A2P013: Renewable resources on-site – Additional notes |
|
A2P013: Renewable resources on-site – Additional notes
|
| |
Geothermal heatpump systems, Waste heat from data centers
|
| A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary |
|
A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary
|
| |
0
|
| A2P023: Technological Solutions / Innovations – Energy Generation |
|
A2P023: Photovoltaics
|
| |
|
|
A2P023: Solar thermal collectors
|
| |
|
|
A2P023: Geothermal energy system
|
| |
|
|
A2P023: Waste heat recovery
|
| |
|
|
A2P023: Waste to energy
|
| |
|
|
A2P023: Heat Pump
|
| |
|
| A2P024: Technological Solutions / Innovations – Energy Flexibility |
|
A2P024: A2P024: Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
|
| |
- Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
|
|
A2P024: Energy management system
|
| |
|
|
A2P024: Demand-side management
|
| |
|
|
A2P024: Thermal Storage
|
| |
|
|
A2P024: Electric Storage
|
| |
|
|
A2P024: District Heating and Cooling
|
| |
- District Heating and Cooling
|
|
A2P024: Smart metering and demand-responsive control systems
|
| |
- Smart metering and demand-responsive control systems
|
| A2P025: Technological Solutions / Innovations – Energy Efficiency |
|
A2P025: Energy efficiency measures in historic buildings
|
| |
- Energy efficiency measures in historic buildings
|
|
A2P025: High-performance new buildings
|
| |
- High-performance new buildings
|
|
A2P025: Smart Public infrastructure (e.g. smart lighting)
|
| |
- Smart Public infrastructure (e.g. smart lighting)
|
|
A2P025: Urban data platforms
|
| |
|
| A2P026: Technological Solutions / Innovations – Mobility |
|
A2P026: e-Mobility
|
| |
|
| A2P028: Energy efficiency certificates |
|
A2P028: Energy efficiency certificates
|
| |
Yes
|
|
A2P028: If yes, please specify and/or enter notes
|
| |
Energy Performance Certificate
|
| A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy |
|
A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy
|
| |
- Energy master planning (SECAP, etc.)
- New development strategies
- National / international city networks addressing sustainable urban development and climate neutrality
|
| A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid |
|
A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid
|
| |
- Electrification of Heating System based on Heat Pumps
- Electrification of Cooking Methods
- Biogas
|
| A3P005: Sustainable behaviour |
|
A3P005: Sustainable behaviour
|
| |
In Groningen we are working with different sustainable behaviours approaches and also developed the Unified Citizen Engagement Approach (UCEA). Currently, there are two different approaches in use in the municipality of Groningen: the District energy approach (Wijkgerichte aanpak, developed by the Municipality of Groningen) and the Cooperative approach (Coöperative Aanpak, developed by Grunneger Power). Based upon those approaches and knowledge that is gained through social research executed by TNO and HUAS the new Unified Citizen Engagement Approach (UCEA) has been developed.
|
| A3P006: Economic strategies |
|
A3P006: Economic strategies
|
| |
- Innovative business models
- Blockchain
|
| A3P007: Social models |
|
A3P007: Social models
|
| |
- Strategies towards (local) community-building
- Co-creation / Citizen engagement strategies
- Citizen Social Research
- Prevention of energy poverty
- Citizen/owner involvement in planning and maintenance
|
| A3P008: Integrated urban strategies |
|
A3P008: Integrated urban strategies
|
| |
- Strategic urban planning
- District Energy plans
- City Vision 2050
- SECAP Updates
|
| A3P009: Environmental strategies |
|
A3P009: Environmental strategies
|
| |
|
| A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspects |
|
A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspects
|
| |
At national/regional/local level a legislation on PEDs development is not yet available in the Netherlands.
There will be a new Environmental Act and Heat Act in the nearby future. We are working on a paper about the current legal barriers, which are in short for Groningen:
Lack of legal certainty and clarity with regard to the energy legislation.
Lack of coherence between policy and legislation from different ministries.
The planned revision of the Dutch Heat Law prevents Groningen from effectively realizing sustainable heat transition plans and goals.
Lack of capacity on the distribution grid for electricity
|
| B2P001: PED Lab concept definition |
|
B2P001: PED Lab concept definition
|
| |
Groningen was selected as Lighthouse City for the MAKING-CITY project. MAKING-CITY is a 60-month Horizon 2020 project launched in December 2018. It aims to address and demonstrate the urban energy system transformation towards smart and low-carbon cities, based on the Positive Energy District (PED) concept. The PED operational models developed in MAKING-CITY will help European and other cities around the world to adopt a long-term City Vision 2050 for energy transition and sustainable urbanisation whilst turning citizens into actors of this transformation. Groningen works with two PED districts in two completely different neighbourhoods in terms of structure and buildings. This is why we see this as a lab: to see wat works and what doesn’t. In order to be able to implement this in the rest of the city.
|
| B2P002: Installation life time |
|
B2P002: Installation life time
|
| |
The MAKING-CITY project lasts from November 2018 – November 2023. By that time PED North and PED South East are a fact.
|
| B2P003: Scale of action |
|
B2P003: Scale
|
| |
District
|
| B2P004: Operator of the installation |
|
B2P004: Operator of the installation
|
| |
The Municipality of Groningen is Manager of the lab but works closely with other parties such as the university, university of applied sciences, research institute TNO and several other parties.
|
| B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materials |
|
B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materials
|
| |
Groningen does not have a strategy to reuse and recyle materials
|
| B2P006: Circular Economy Approach |
|
B2P006: Do you apply any strategy to reuse and recycling the materials?
|
| |
No
|
| B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab |
|
B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab
|
| |
|
| B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED Lab |
|
B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED Lab
|
| |
Municipality
|
| B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab |
|
B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab
|
| |
- Academia
- Private
- Industrial
- Other
|
|
B2P009: Other
|
| |
research companies, monitoring company, ict company
|
| B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab |
|
B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab
|
| |
- Buildings
- Demand-side management
- Energy storage
- Energy networks
- Waste management
- Lighting
- E-mobility
- Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
- Social interactions
- Business models
|
| B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab |
|
B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab
|
| |
- Tools for prototyping and modelling
|
| B2P014: Monitoring measures |
|
B2P014: Monitoring measures
|
| |
- Execution plan
- Available data
- Type of measured data
- Equipment
- Level of access
|
| B2P015: Key Performance indicators |
|
B2P015: Key Performance indicators
|
| |
- Energy
- Social
- Economical / Financial
|
| B2P019: Available tools |
|
B2P019: Available tools
|
| |
- Energy modelling
- Social models
- Business and financial models
|
| C1P001: Unlocking Factors |
|
C1P001: Recent technological improvements for on-site RES production
|
| |
3 – Moderately important
|
|
C1P001: Innovative, integrated, prefabricated packages for buildings envelope / Energy efficiency of building stock
|
| |
3 – Moderately important
|
|
C1P001: Energy Communities, P2P, Prosumers concepts
|
| |
4 – Important
|
|
C1P001: Storage systems and E-mobility market penetration
|
| |
4 – Important
|
|
C1P001: Decreasing costs of innovative materials
|
| |
5 – Very important
|
|
C1P001: Financial mechanisms to reduce costs and maximize benefits
|
| |
5 – Very important
|
|
C1P001: The ability to predict Multiple Benefits
|
| |
3 – Moderately important
|
|
C1P001: The ability to predict the distribution of benefits and impacts
|
| |
3 – Moderately important
|
|
C1P001: Citizens improved awareness and engagement on sustainable energy issues (bottom-up)
|
| |
5 – Very important
|
|
C1P001: Social acceptance (top-down)
|
| |
3 – Moderately important
|
|
C1P001: Improved local and national policy frameworks (i.e. incentives, laws etc.)
|
| |
4 – Important
|
|
C1P001: Presence of integrated urban strategies and plans
|
| |
3 – Moderately important
|
|
C1P001: Multidisciplinary approaches available for systemic integration
|
| |
2 – Slightly important
|
|
C1P001: Availability of grants (from EC or other donors) to finance the PED Lab projects
|
| |
3 – Moderately important
|
|
C1P001: Availability of RES on site (Local RES)
|
| |
4 – Important
|
|
C1P001: Ongoing or established collaboration on Public Private Partnership among key stakeholders
|
| |
3 – Moderately important
|
|
C1P001: Any other UNLOCKING FACTORS
|
| |
1 – Unimportant
|
| C1P002: Driving Factors |
|
C1P002: Climate Change adaptation need
|
| |
2 – Slightly important
|
|
C1P002: Climate Change mitigation need (local RES production and efficiency)
|
| |
3 – Moderately important
|
|
C1P002: Rapid urbanization trend and need of urban expansions
|
| |
1 – Unimportant
|
|
C1P002: Urban re-development of existing built environment
|
| |
4 – Important
|
|
C1P002: Economic growth need
|
| |
2 – Slightly important
|
|
C1P002: Improved local environmental quality (air, noise, aesthetics, etc.)
|
| |
1 – Unimportant
|
|
C1P002: Territorial and market attractiveness
|
| |
2 – Slightly important
|
|
C1P002: Energy autonomy/independence
|
| |
2 – Slightly important
|
|
C1P002: Any other DRIVING FACTOR
|
| |
4 – Important
|
|
C1P002: Any other DRIVING FACTOR (if any)
|
| |
Earthquakes due to gas extraction
|
| C1P003: Administrative barriers |
|
C1P003: Difficulty in the coordination of high number of partners and authorities
|
| |
3 – Moderately important
|
|
C1P003: Lack of good cooperation and acceptance among partners
|
| |
3 – Moderately important
|
|
C1P003: Lack of public participation
|
| |
1 – Unimportant
|
|
C1P003: Lack of institutions/mechanisms to disseminate information
|
| |
2 – Slightly important
|
|
C1P003:Long and complex procedures for authorization of project activities
|
| |
4 – Important
|
|
C1P003: Time consuming requirements by EC or other donors concerning reporting and accountancy
|
| |
4 – Important
|
|
C1P003: Complicated and non-comprehensive public procurement
|
| |
3 – Moderately important
|
|
C1P003: Fragmented and or complex ownership structure
|
| |
4 – Important
|
|
C1P003: City administration & cross-sectoral attitude/approaches (silos)
|
| |
5 – Very important
|
|
C1P003: Lack of internal capacities to support energy transition
|
| |
1 – Unimportant
|
|
C1P003: Any other Administrative BARRIER
|
| |
1 – Unimportant
|
| C1P004: Policy barriers |
|
C1P004: Lack of long-term and consistent energy plans and policies
|
| |
1 – Unimportant
|
|
C1P004: Lacking or fragmented local political commitment and support on the long term
|
| |
1 – Unimportant
|
|
C1P004: Lack of Cooperation & support between national-regional-local entiies
|
| |
2 – Slightly important
|
|
C1P004: Any other Political BARRIER
|
| |
1 – Unimportant
|
| C1P005: Legal and Regulatory barriers |
|
C1P005: Inadequate regulations for new technologies
|
| |
4 – Important
|
|
C1P005: Regulatory instability
|
| |
3 – Moderately important
|
|
C1P005: Non-effective regulations
|
| |
3 – Moderately important
|
|
C1P005: Unfavorable local regulations for innovative technologies
|
| |
3 – Moderately important
|
|
C1P005: Building code and land-use planning hindering innovative technologies
|
| |
1 – Unimportant
|
|
C1P005: Insufficient or insecure financial incentives
|
| |
3 – Moderately important
|
|
C1P005: Unresolved privacy concerns and limiting nature of privacy protection regulation
|
| |
2 – Slightly important
|
|
C1P005: Shortage of proven and tested solutions and examples
|
| |
2 – Slightly important
|
|
C1P005: Any other Legal and Regulatory BARRIER
|
| |
1 – Unimportant
|
| C1P007: Technical barriers |
|
C1P007: Lack of skilled and trained personnel
|
| |
4 – Important
|
|
C1P007: Deficient planning
|
| |
2 – Slightly important
|
|
C1P007: Retrofitting work in dwellings in occupied state
|
| |
2 – Slightly important
|
|
C1P007: Lack of well-defined process
|
| |
3 – Moderately important
|
|
C1P007: Inaccuracy in energy modelling and simulation
|
| |
4 – Important
|
|
C1P007: Lack/cost of computational scalability
|
| |
1 – Unimportant
|
|
C1P007: Grid congestion, grid instability
|
| |
4 – Important
|
|
C1P007: Negative effects of project intervention on the natural environment
|
| |
1 – Unimportant
|
|
C1P007: Energy retrofitting work in dense and/or historical urban environment
|
| |
3 – Moderately important
|
|
C1P007: Difficult definition of system boundaries
|
| |
1 – Unimportant
|
|
C1P007: Any other Thecnical BARRIER
|
| |
1 – Unimportant
|
| C1P008: Social and Cultural barriers |
|
C1P008: Inertia
|
| |
2 – Slightly important
|
|
C1P008: Lack of values and interest in energy optimization measurements
|
| |
3 – Moderately important
|
|
C1P008: Low acceptance of new projects and technologies
|
| |
2 – Slightly important
|
|
C1P008: Difficulty of finding and engaging relevant actors
|
| |
2 – Slightly important
|
|
C1P008: Lack of trust beyond social network
|
| |
4 – Important
|
|
C1P008: Rebound effect
|
| |
2 – Slightly important
|
|
C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards environmentalism
|
| |
1 – Unimportant
|
|
C1P008: Exclusion of socially disadvantaged groups
|
| |
5 – Very important
|
|
C1P008: Non-energy issues are more important and urgent for actors
|
| |
4 – Important
|
|
C1P008: Any other Social BARRIER
|
| |
1 – Unimportant
|
|
C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards energy collaboration
|
| |
2 – Slightly important
|
| C1P009: Information and Awareness barriers |
|
C1P009: Insufficient information on the part of potential users and consumers
|
| |
3 – Moderately important
|
|
C1P009: Perception of interventions as complicated and expensive, with negative socio-economic or environmental impacts
|
| |
3 – Moderately important
|
|
C1P009: Lack of awareness among authorities
|
| |
2 – Slightly important
|
|
C1P009: Information asymmetry causing power asymmetry of established actors
|
| |
3 – Moderately important
|
|
C1P009: High costs of design, material, construction, and installation
|
| |
4 – Important
|
|
C1P009: Any other Information and Awareness BARRIER
|
| |
1 – Unimportant
|
| C1P010: Financial barriers |
|
C1P010: Hidden costs
|
| |
2 – Slightly important
|
|
C1P010: Insufficient external financial support and funding for project activities
|
| |
3 – Moderately important
|
|
C1P010: Economic crisis
|
| |
1 – Unimportant
|
|
C1P010: Risk and uncertainty
|
| |
3 – Moderately important
|
|
C1P010: Lack of consolidated and tested business models
|
| |
3 – Moderately important
|
|
C1P010: Limited access to capital and cost disincentives
|
| |
2 – Slightly important
|
|
C1P010: Any other Financial BARRIER
|
| |
1 – Unimportant
|
| C1P011: Market barriers |
|
C1P011: Split incentives
|
| |
5 – Very important
|
|
C1P011: Energy price distortion
|
| |
4 – Important
|
|
C1P011: Energy market concentration, gatekeeper actors (DSOs)
|
| |
4 – Important
|
|
C1P011: Any other Market BARRIER
|
| |
1 – Unimportant
|
| C1P012: Stakeholders involved |
|
C1P012: Government/Public Authorities
|
| |
- Planning/leading
- Design/demand aggregation
- Construction/implementation
|
|
C1P012: Research & Innovation
|
| |
- Planning/leading
- Design/demand aggregation
- Monitoring/operation/management
|
|
C1P012: Financial/Funding
|
| |
- Design/demand aggregation
- Construction/implementation
|
|
C1P012: Analyst, ICT and Big Data
|
| |
- Design/demand aggregation
- Monitoring/operation/management
|
|
C1P012: Business process management
|
| |
|
|
C1P012: Urban Services providers
|
| |
- Design/demand aggregation
- Monitoring/operation/management
|
|
C1P012: Real Estate developers
|
| |
- Construction/implementation
|
|
C1P012: Design/Construction companies
|
| |
- Construction/implementation
|
|
C1P012: End‐users/Occupants/Energy Citizens
|
| |
|
|
C1P012: Social/Civil Society/NGOs
|
| |
- Planning/leading
- Design/demand aggregation
|
|
C1P012: Industry/SME/eCommerce
|
| |
- Planning/leading
- Design/demand aggregation
- Construction/implementation
- Monitoring/operation/management
|
