A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED Lab
A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED Lab
  Groningen, the Netherlands
A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet
A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet
 

A1P003: Categorisation of the PED site
PED Lab.
 

  • PED Lab.

A1P004: Targets of the PED case study / PED Lab
Climate neutrality
 

  • Climate neutrality

Annual energy surplus
 

  • Annual energy surplus

Energy community
 

  • Energy community

Circularity
 

  • Circularity

Net-zero emission
 

  • Net-zero emission

A1P005: Phase of the PED case study / PED Lab
A1P005: Project Phase of your case study/PED Lab
  Implementation Phase
A1P006: Start Date
A1P006: Start date
  12/18
A1P007: End Date
A1P007: End date
  12/23
A1P009: Data availability
A1P009: Data availability
 

  • Monitoring data available within the districts
  • Open data city platform – different dashboards
  • GIS open datasets

A1P010: Sources
Any publication, link to website, deliverable referring to the PED/PED Lab
 

  • TNO, Hanze, RUG
  • Ped noord book

A1P011: Geographic coordinates
X Coordinate (longitude):
  6.535121
Y Coordinate (latitude):
  53.234846
A1P012: Country
A1P012: Country
  Netherlands
A1P013: City
A1P013: City
  Groningen
A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification).
A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification).
  Cfa
A1P015: District boundary
A1P015: District boundary
  Functional
A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab:
A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab:
  Mixed
A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure:
A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure:
  Multiple Owners
A1P018: Number of buildings in PED
A1P018: Number of buildings in PED
  11
A1P019: Conditioned space
A1P019: Conditioned space
  8.87
A1P020: Total ground area
A1P020: Total ground area
  62.225
A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area
A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area
  0
A1P022: Financial schemes
A1P022a: Financing – PRIVATE – Real estate
 

  • Financing – PRIVATE – Real estate

A1P022c: Financing – PRIVATE – Other
 

  • Financing – PRIVATE – Other

A1P022e: Financing – PUBLIC – National funding
 

  • Financing – PUBLIC – National funding

A1P022g: Financing – PUBLIC – Municipal funding
 

  • Financing – PUBLIC – Municipal funding

A1P022i: Financing – RESEARCH FUNDING – EU
 

  • Financing – RESEARCH FUNDING – EU

A1P023: Economic Targets
A1P023: Economic Targets
 

  • Boosting local businesses
  • Boosting local and sustainable production

A1P024: More comments:
A1P024: More comments:
  Beschrijving PED…
The Pilastro-Roveri area is a large peri-urban district in the northeast of the city of Bologna (about 650 hectares). In particular, the northern area is mainly characterised by the residential sector of Pilastro, a significant expanse of social housing built in the 1960s in response to the housing emergency due to migrations from southern Italy and nowadays satisfying more global migrations. The southern area is instead characterised by the presence of the production district called Le Roveri. The area appears relevant for the research as it has several evolution potentials towards a climate-neutral district. In particular some key factors are interesting:
– the presence of one of the largest photovoltaic parks in Europe on the roofs of CAAB, characterised by a
production of 11,350,000 Kw/h of primary energy;
– the presence of companies attentive to the issues of climate change and energy, able to act as facilitators for
the area. This is the case of FIVE, a leader in the production of electric bicycles, whose plant is the first nZEB (nearly Zero Energy Building) production building in the city;
– the high presence of industrial buildings of different sizes needing a reduction in energy consumption;
– the presence of obsolete, sometimes in decay, and of general highly energy-intensive buildings in the Pilastro
area, accompanied by spread phenomena of energy poverty;
– the presence of spaces that could be converted (e.g. unused warehouses, unexploited green areas);
– the presence of an active community, characterised by numerous associations, but also by social challenges
linked to multiple reasons;
– the presence of local actors interested in the development of the area (including the municipality, the university, Confindustria, ENEA, Confartigianato, etc.).
Two main research projects are actually ongoing in the area, applying energy improvement and transition to
neutrality strategies: GECO – Green Energy Community, funded by EIT Climate-KIC and active since 2019, aims to trigger a virtuous path of energy sharing between companies and citizens through the creation of an energy community.
– GRETA – Green Energy Transition Actions, funded by the H2020 programme, aims to understand drivers and barriers on the involvement of citizens in the energy transition processes, by formulating Transition Paths and Energy Citizenship Contracts.
(from: Boeri, A., Boulanger, S., Turci, G., Pagliula, S. (2021) Strategie e tecnologie abilitanti per PED misti: efficienza tra smart cities e industria 4.0. TECHNE, 22, 180-190)
Contact person for general enquiries
A1P026: Name
  Jasper Tonen, Elisabeth Koops
A1P027: Organization
  Municipality of Groningen
A1P028: Affiliation
  Municipality / Public Bodies
A1P029: Email
  Jasper.tonen@groningen.nl
Pursuant to the General Data Protection Regulation: Do you agree to have the information disclosed in this form, processed, stored and made publicly available by the COST Action PED-EU-NET? The names and contact information (name of the contact person, contact-email of the contact person, name of the project manager and contact e-mail of the project manager) may be used by PED-EU-NET members and external partners (Annex 83 and JPI UE) for further clarifications and updates. It is not possible to continue without providing consent.
Pursuant to the General Data Protection Regulation
  Yes
A2P001: Fields of application
A2P001: Fields of application
 

  • Energy efficiency
  • Energy flexibility
  • Energy production
  • E-mobility
  • Urban comfort (pollution, heat island, noise level etc.)
  • Waste management

A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fields
A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fields
  Energy efficiency:
– buildings energy retrofit supported by tax bonuses
– replacing heat supply technologies
Energy production:
– installation of new (PV) systems for renewable on-site energy production;
– presence of a large PV plant in the South East (2 solar parks: 12MW and 107MW) and North area (0,4 MW)
Energy flexibility:
– energy storage solutions, battery storage and possible hydrogen production
– GRID balancing services
E-mobility
– Installation of new charging stations for electric vehicles;
Urban Management
– make use of the organizational structure
Waste Management
– circular use of municipal waste streams
A2P003: Application of ISO52000
A2P003: Application of ISO52000
  No
A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balance
A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balance
  No
A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balance
A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balance
  No
A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculation
A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculation
  Mobility, till now, is not included in the energy model.
A2P012: Annual renewable thermal production on-site during target year
A2P012: Geothermal
 

  • Geothermal

A2P012: Solar Thermal
 

  • Solar Thermal

A2P012: Biomass_heat
 

  • Biomass_heat

A2P012: Waste heat+HP
 

  • Waste heat+HP

A2P012: PVT_th
 

  • PVT_th

A2P013: Renewable resources on-site – Additional notes
A2P013: Renewable resources on-site – Additional notes
  Geothermal heatpump systems, Waste heat from data centers
A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary
A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary
  0
A2P023: Technological Solutions / Innovations – Energy Generation
A2P023: Photovoltaics
 

  • Photovoltaics

A2P023: Solar thermal collectors
 

  • Solar thermal collectors

A2P023: Geothermal energy system
 

  • Geothermal energy system

A2P023: Waste heat recovery
 

  • Waste heat recovery

A2P023: Waste to energy
 

  • Waste to energy

A2P023: Heat Pump
 

  • Heat Pump

A2P024: Technological Solutions / Innovations – Energy Flexibility
A2P024: A2P024: Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
 

  • Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)

A2P024: Energy management system
 

  • Energy management system

A2P024: Demand-side management
 

  • Demand-side management

A2P024: Thermal Storage
 

  • Thermal Storage

A2P024: Electric Storage
 

  • Electric Storage

A2P024: District Heating and Cooling
 

  • District Heating and Cooling

A2P024: Smart metering and demand-responsive control systems
 

  • Smart metering and demand-responsive control systems

A2P025: Technological Solutions / Innovations – Energy Efficiency
A2P025: Energy efficiency measures in historic buildings
 

  • Energy efficiency measures in historic buildings

A2P025: High-performance new buildings
 

  • High-performance new buildings

A2P025: Smart Public infrastructure (e.g. smart lighting)
 

  • Smart Public infrastructure (e.g. smart lighting)

A2P025: Urban data platforms
 

  • Urban data platforms

A2P026: Technological Solutions / Innovations – Mobility
A2P026: e-Mobility
 

  • e-Mobility

A2P028: Energy efficiency certificates
A2P028: Energy efficiency certificates
  Yes
A2P028: If yes, please specify and/or enter notes
  Energy Performance Certificate
A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy
A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy
 

  • Energy master planning (SECAP, etc.)
  • New development strategies
  • National / international city networks addressing sustainable urban development and climate neutrality

A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid
A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid
 

  • Electrification of Heating System based on Heat Pumps
  • Electrification of Cooking Methods
  • Biogas

A3P005: Sustainable behaviour
A3P005: Sustainable behaviour
  In Groningen we are working with different sustainable behaviours approaches and also developed the Unified Citizen Engagement Approach (UCEA). Currently, there are two different approaches in use in the municipality of Groningen: the District energy approach (Wijkgerichte aanpak, developed by the Municipality of Groningen) and the Cooperative approach (Coöperative Aanpak, developed by Grunneger Power). Based upon those approaches and knowledge that is gained through social research executed by TNO and HUAS the new Unified Citizen Engagement Approach (UCEA) has been developed.
A3P006: Economic strategies
A3P006: Economic strategies
 

  • Innovative business models
  • Blockchain

A3P007: Social models
A3P007: Social models
 

  • Strategies towards (local) community-building
  • Co-creation / Citizen engagement strategies
  • Citizen Social Research
  • Prevention of energy poverty
  • Citizen/owner involvement in planning and maintenance

A3P008: Integrated urban strategies
A3P008: Integrated urban strategies
 

  • Strategic urban planning
  • District Energy plans
  • City Vision 2050
  • SECAP Updates

A3P009: Environmental strategies
A3P009: Environmental strategies
 

  • Energy Neutral

A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspects
A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspects
  At national/regional/local level a legislation on PEDs development is not yet available in the Netherlands.
There will be a new Environmental Act and Heat Act in the nearby future. We are working on a paper about the current legal barriers, which are in short for Groningen:
 Lack of legal certainty and clarity with regard to the energy legislation.
 Lack of coherence between policy and legislation from different ministries.
 The planned revision of the Dutch Heat Law prevents Groningen from effectively realizing sustainable heat transition plans and goals.
 Lack of capacity on the distribution grid for electricity
B2P001: PED Lab concept definition
B2P001: PED Lab concept definition
  Groningen was selected as Lighthouse City for the MAKING-CITY project. MAKING-CITY is a 60-month Horizon 2020 project launched in December 2018. It aims to address and demonstrate the urban energy system transformation towards smart and low-carbon cities, based on the Positive Energy District (PED) concept. The PED operational models developed in MAKING-CITY will help European and other cities around the world to adopt a long-term City Vision 2050 for energy transition and sustainable urbanisation whilst turning citizens into actors of this transformation. Groningen works with two PED districts in two completely different neighbourhoods in terms of structure and buildings. This is why we see this as a lab: to see wat works and what doesn’t. In order to be able to implement this in the rest of the city.
B2P002: Installation life time
B2P002: Installation life time
  The MAKING-CITY project lasts from November 2018 – November 2023. By that time PED North and PED South East are a fact.
B2P003: Scale of action
B2P003: Scale
  District
B2P004: Operator of the installation
B2P004: Operator of the installation
  The Municipality of Groningen is Manager of the lab but works closely with other parties such as the university, university of applied sciences, research institute TNO and several other parties.
B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materials
B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materials
  Groningen does not have a strategy to reuse and recyle materials
B2P006: Circular Economy Approach
B2P006: Do you apply any strategy to reuse and recycling the materials?
  No
B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab
B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab
 

  • Civic

B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED Lab
B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED Lab
  Municipality
B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab
B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab
 

  • Academia
  • Private
  • Industrial
  • Other

B2P009: Other
  research companies, monitoring company, ict company
B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab
B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab
 

  • Buildings
  • Demand-side management
  • Energy storage
  • Energy networks
  • Waste management
  • Lighting
  • E-mobility
  • Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
  • Social interactions
  • Business models

B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab
B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab
 

  • Tools for prototyping and modelling

B2P014: Monitoring measures
B2P014: Monitoring measures
 

  • Execution plan
  • Available data
  • Type of measured data
  • Equipment
  • Level of access

B2P015: Key Performance indicators
B2P015: Key Performance indicators
 

  • Energy
  • Social
  • Economical / Financial

B2P019: Available tools
B2P019: Available tools
 

  • Energy modelling
  • Social models
  • Business and financial models

C1P001: Unlocking Factors
C1P001: Recent technological improvements for on-site RES production
  3 – Moderately important
C1P001: Innovative, integrated, prefabricated packages for buildings envelope / Energy efficiency of building stock
  3 – Moderately important
C1P001: Energy Communities, P2P, Prosumers concepts
  4 – Important
C1P001: Storage systems and E-mobility market penetration
  4 – Important
C1P001: Decreasing costs of innovative materials
  5 – Very important
C1P001: Financial mechanisms to reduce costs and maximize benefits
  5 – Very important
C1P001: The ability to predict Multiple Benefits
  3 – Moderately important
C1P001: The ability to predict the distribution of benefits and impacts
  3 – Moderately important
C1P001: Citizens improved awareness and engagement on sustainable energy issues (bottom-up)
  5 – Very important
C1P001: Social acceptance (top-down)
  3 – Moderately important
C1P001: Improved local and national policy frameworks (i.e. incentives, laws etc.)
  4 – Important
C1P001: Presence of integrated urban strategies and plans
  3 – Moderately important
C1P001: Multidisciplinary approaches available for systemic integration
  2 – Slightly important
C1P001: Availability of grants (from EC or other donors) to finance the PED Lab projects
  3 – Moderately important
C1P001: Availability of RES on site (Local RES)
  4 – Important
C1P001: Ongoing or established collaboration on Public Private Partnership among key stakeholders
  3 – Moderately important
C1P001: Any other UNLOCKING FACTORS
  1 – Unimportant
C1P002: Driving Factors
C1P002: Climate Change adaptation need
  2 – Slightly important
C1P002: Climate Change mitigation need (local RES production and efficiency)
  3 – Moderately important
C1P002: Rapid urbanization trend and need of urban expansions
  1 – Unimportant
C1P002: Urban re-development of existing built environment
  4 – Important
C1P002: Economic growth need
  2 – Slightly important
C1P002: Improved local environmental quality (air, noise, aesthetics, etc.)
  1 – Unimportant
C1P002: Territorial and market attractiveness
  2 – Slightly important
C1P002: Energy autonomy/independence
  2 – Slightly important
C1P002: Any other DRIVING FACTOR
  4 – Important
C1P002: Any other DRIVING FACTOR (if any)
  Earthquakes due to gas extraction
C1P003: Administrative barriers
C1P003: Difficulty in the coordination of high number of partners and authorities
  3 – Moderately important
C1P003: Lack of good cooperation and acceptance among partners
  3 – Moderately important
C1P003: Lack of public participation
  1 – Unimportant
C1P003: Lack of institutions/mechanisms to disseminate information
  2 – Slightly important
C1P003:Long and complex procedures for authorization of project activities
  4 – Important
C1P003: Time consuming requirements by EC or other donors concerning reporting and accountancy
  4 – Important
C1P003: Complicated and non-comprehensive public procurement
  3 – Moderately important
C1P003: Fragmented and or complex ownership structure
  4 – Important
C1P003: City administration & cross-sectoral attitude/approaches (silos)
  5 – Very important
C1P003: Lack of internal capacities to support energy transition
  1 – Unimportant
C1P003: Any other Administrative BARRIER
  1 – Unimportant
C1P004: Policy barriers
C1P004: Lack of long-term and consistent energy plans and policies
  1 – Unimportant
C1P004: Lacking or fragmented local political commitment and support on the long term
  1 – Unimportant
C1P004: Lack of Cooperation & support between national-regional-local entiies
  2 – Slightly important
C1P004: Any other Political BARRIER
  1 – Unimportant
C1P005: Legal and Regulatory barriers
C1P005: Inadequate regulations for new technologies
  4 – Important
C1P005: Regulatory instability
  3 – Moderately important
C1P005: Non-effective regulations
  3 – Moderately important
C1P005: Unfavorable local regulations for innovative technologies
  3 – Moderately important
C1P005: Building code and land-use planning hindering innovative technologies
  1 – Unimportant
C1P005: Insufficient or insecure financial incentives
  3 – Moderately important
C1P005: Unresolved privacy concerns and limiting nature of privacy protection regulation
  2 – Slightly important
C1P005: Shortage of proven and tested solutions and examples
  2 – Slightly important
C1P005: Any other Legal and Regulatory BARRIER
  1 – Unimportant
C1P007: Technical barriers
C1P007: Lack of skilled and trained personnel
  4 – Important
C1P007: Deficient planning
  2 – Slightly important
C1P007: Retrofitting work in dwellings in occupied state
  2 – Slightly important
C1P007: Lack of well-defined process
  3 – Moderately important
C1P007: Inaccuracy in energy modelling and simulation
  4 – Important
C1P007: Lack/cost of computational scalability
  1 – Unimportant
C1P007: Grid congestion, grid instability
  4 – Important
C1P007: Negative effects of project intervention on the natural environment
  1 – Unimportant
C1P007: Energy retrofitting work in dense and/or historical urban environment
  3 – Moderately important
C1P007: Difficult definition of system boundaries
  1 – Unimportant
C1P007: Any other Thecnical BARRIER
  1 – Unimportant
C1P008: Social and Cultural barriers
C1P008: Inertia
  2 – Slightly important
C1P008: Lack of values and interest in energy optimization measurements
  3 – Moderately important
C1P008: Low acceptance of new projects and technologies
  2 – Slightly important
C1P008: Difficulty of finding and engaging relevant actors
  2 – Slightly important
C1P008: Lack of trust beyond social network
  4 – Important
C1P008: Rebound effect
  2 – Slightly important
C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards environmentalism
  1 – Unimportant
C1P008: Exclusion of socially disadvantaged groups
  5 – Very important
C1P008: Non-energy issues are more important and urgent for actors
  4 – Important
C1P008: Any other Social BARRIER
  1 – Unimportant
C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards energy collaboration
  2 – Slightly important
C1P009: Information and Awareness barriers
C1P009: Insufficient information on the part of potential users and consumers
  3 – Moderately important
C1P009: Perception of interventions as complicated and expensive, with negative socio-economic or environmental impacts
  3 – Moderately important
C1P009: Lack of awareness among authorities
  2 – Slightly important
C1P009: Information asymmetry causing power asymmetry of established actors
  3 – Moderately important
C1P009: High costs of design, material, construction, and installation
  4 – Important
C1P009: Any other Information and Awareness BARRIER
  1 – Unimportant
C1P010: Financial barriers
C1P010: Hidden costs
  2 – Slightly important
C1P010: Insufficient external financial support and funding for project activities
  3 – Moderately important
C1P010: Economic crisis
  1 – Unimportant
C1P010: Risk and uncertainty
  3 – Moderately important
C1P010: Lack of consolidated and tested business models
  3 – Moderately important
C1P010: Limited access to capital and cost disincentives
  2 – Slightly important
C1P010: Any other Financial BARRIER
  1 – Unimportant
C1P011: Market barriers
C1P011: Split incentives
  5 – Very important
C1P011: Energy price distortion
  4 – Important
C1P011: Energy market concentration, gatekeeper actors (DSOs)
  4 – Important
C1P011: Any other Market BARRIER
  1 – Unimportant
C1P012: Stakeholders involved
C1P012: Government/Public Authorities
 

  • Planning/leading
  • Design/demand aggregation
  • Construction/implementation

C1P012: Research & Innovation
 

  • Planning/leading
  • Design/demand aggregation
  • Monitoring/operation/management

C1P012: Financial/Funding
 

  • Design/demand aggregation
  • Construction/implementation

C1P012: Analyst, ICT and Big Data
 

  • Design/demand aggregation
  • Monitoring/operation/management

C1P012: Business process management
 

  • Planning/leading

C1P012: Urban Services providers
 

  • Design/demand aggregation
  • Monitoring/operation/management

C1P012: Real Estate developers
 

  • Construction/implementation

C1P012: Design/Construction companies
 

  • Construction/implementation

C1P012: End‐users/Occupants/Energy Citizens
 

  • None

C1P012: Social/Civil Society/NGOs
 

  • Planning/leading
  • Design/demand aggregation

C1P012: Industry/SME/eCommerce
 

  • Planning/leading
  • Design/demand aggregation
  • Construction/implementation
  • Monitoring/operation/management