A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED Lab
A1P001: Name of the PED case study / PED Lab
  Lubia (Soria), CEDER-CIEMAT
A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet
A1P002: Map / aerial view / photos / graphic details / leaflet
 

A1P003: Categorisation of the PED site
PED Lab.
 

  • PED Lab.

A1P004: Targets of the PED case study / PED Lab
Air quality and urban comfort
 

  • Air quality and urban comfort

Net-zero emission
 

  • Net-zero emission

Self-sufficiency (energy autonomous)
 

  • Self-sufficiency (energy autonomous)

A1P005: Phase of the PED case study / PED Lab
A1P005: Project Phase of your case study/PED Lab
  Implementation Phase
A1P006: Start Date
A1P006: Start date
  11/19
A1P007: End Date
A1P007: End date
  12/23
A1P009: Data availability
A1P009: Data availability
 

  • General statistical datasets

A1P010: Sources
Any publication, link to website, deliverable referring to the PED/PED Lab
 

  •  http://www.ceder.es/redes-inteligentes  O. Izquierdo-Monge, Paula Peña-Carro et al. “Conversion of a network section with loads, storage systems and renewable generation sources into a smart microgrid”. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(11), 5012; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11115012  O. Izquierdo-Monge, Paula Peña-Carro et al. “A Methodology for the Conversion of a Network Section with Generation Sources, Storage and Loads into an Electrical Microgrid Based on Raspberry Pi and Home Assistant”. ICSC-Cities 2020, CCIS 1359 proceedings. Springer. https:// doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69136-3_1.

A1P011: Geographic coordinates
X Coordinate (longitude):
  41.603
Y Coordinate (latitude):
  -2.508
A1P012: Country
A1P012: Country
  Spain
A1P013: City
A1P013: City
  Lubia – Soria
A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification).
A1P014: Climate Zone (Köppen Geiger classification).
  Cfb
A1P015: District boundary
A1P015: District boundary
  Geographic
A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab:
A1P016: Ownership of the case study/PED Lab:
  Public
A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure:
A1P017: Ownership of the land / physical infrastructure:
  Single Owner
A1P018: Number of buildings in PED
A1P018: Number of buildings in PED
  6
A1P020: Total ground area
A1P020: Total ground area
  6,400,000
A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area
A1P021: Floor area ratio: Conditioned space / total ground area
  0
A1P022: Financial schemes
A1P022k: Financing – RESEARCH FUNDING – Local/regional
 

  • Financing – RESEARCH FUNDING – Local/regional

A1P023: Economic Targets
A1P023: Economic Targets
 

  • Boosting local and sustainable production
  • Boosting consumption of local and sustainable products

A1P024: More comments:
A1P024: More comments:
  The Centre for the Development of Renewable Energy (CEDER) is located in the middle-north region of Spain (Lubia, Soria) and it is specialized in applied research, development and promotion of renewable energy (http://www.ceder.es/redes-inteligentes). Among the facilities of this Centre is the urban laboratory CEDER-CIEMAT lab whose main objective is to assess the performance of different configurations of energy networks at the district level. This PED-Lab infrastructure is an energy district that covers an area of 640 ha and connects six office buildings with energy generation installations by means of two energy rings: electrical grid (in operation phase) and thermal network (in the implementation phase). The buildings of this PED Lab can act as energy demanders or suppliers depending on the climatic and operational conditions. The majority of these buildings are constructed with conventional technologies but some of them are implemented with efficient and sustainable measures. The thermal network is composed by two biomass boilers, 300 kW power each, and water tanks with 90 kWh of thermal storage. This network will shortly be expanded with a low temperature (90°C) and high temperature (150°-250°C) rings. The low-temperature ring is made up by two Stirling engine cogeneration boilers (one biomass gasification boiler and one gas boiler). The high-temperature ring has a thermal generator made up of Fresnel solar concentrators and an ORC cogeneration system fed directly from the solar concentrator. The high-temperature ring is interconnected with the low-temperature ring through an oil/water heat exchanger. This network has thermal storage systems in the modalities of: aquifers, boreholes, phase change materials, cold storage with geothermal exchange ground recovery and thermal storage at very low temperature with zeolites. The electrical grid incorporates different renewable generation technologies (50 kW wind turbine and eight different photovoltaic systems with a total energy production of 116 kW), and engine generator of 100 kVA, a reversible hydraulic system, electricity storages (batteries) and flexible loads.
Contact person for general enquiries
A1P026: Name
  Dr. Raquel Ramos
A1P027: Organization
  Centre for the Development of Renewable Energy (CEDER) – Centre for Energy, Environment and Technology Research (CIEMAT)
A1P028: Affiliation
  Research Center / University
A1P029: Email
  raquel.ramos@ciemat.es
Contact person for other special topics
A1P030: Name
  Dr. Oscar Seco
A1P031: Email
  Oscar.seco@ciemat.es
Pursuant to the General Data Protection Regulation: Do you agree to have the information disclosed in this form, processed, stored and made publicly available by the COST Action PED-EU-NET? The names and contact information (name of the contact person, contact-email of the contact person, name of the project manager and contact e-mail of the project manager) may be used by PED-EU-NET members and external partners (Annex 83 and JPI UE) for further clarifications and updates. It is not possible to continue without providing consent.
Pursuant to the General Data Protection Regulation
  Yes
A2P001: Fields of application
A2P001: Fields of application
 

  • Energy efficiency
  • Energy flexibility
  • Energy production
  • Urban comfort (pollution, heat island, noise level etc.)
  • Digital technologies

A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fields
A2P002: Tools/strategies/methods applied for each of the above-selected fields
  Energy efficiency:
– Buildings energy retrofit.
Energy production:
– Biomass Boiler capacity: 0.6 MW
– Annual production: 1.2 GWh
– Solar thermal collectors: 70 kW, planned extended to: 0.47MW
– Geotermal & Absorption Pumps: 100 kW
– Share of renewables after extension: 100% (30% solar thermal and 70% biomass)
– AOC 50kW wind turbine. Awaiting installation of a two-way AC-AC converter for subsequent connection of the AOC 50kW wind turbine to the grid
– Bornay Inclin 3 kW wind turbine, connected to 24 Vdc batteries, to be connected to the grid by means of Xantrex inverter/charger
– 9kW photovoltaic park (66PV panels, brand BP Solar,type BP5140,of 140W) connected to the grid by means of two INGECON SUN 5 inverters
– 5kW photovoltaic pergola (24PV panels, brand Solon, type P200, of 210W) connected to the grid by means of one INGECON SUN 5 inverter
– 8.28kW photovoltaic roof (36PV panels, Brand LDK, type LDK-230P-20), connected to the grid by means of one INGECONSUN 10 inverter
– 12kW photovoltaic roof (80PV panels, brand Gamesa, type GS-1501), connected to the grid by means
– Stirling engine with a heat lamp based on natural gas, a helium cool lamp, 10kWe maximum power delivered and global performance of approximately 33%. Currently under refinement
Energy flexibility:
– Thermal storage systems: water tanks, aquifers, boreholes, phase change materials, cold storage with geothermal exchange ground recovery and thermal storage at very low temperature with zeolites.
– Electrical storage systems: batteries (lead-acid and lithium-ion).
– Flexible loads.
Control systems and Digital technologies:
– Full monitoring campaign.
– Smart-meters installation to monitor consumption and suggest another energy behaviours.
– Dynamic simulation tools to optimize the energy performance.
Urban comfort and air quality:
– Meteorological stations to monitor the climate evolution.
– Microclimatic simulation tools to quantify the thermal behaviour.
A2P003: Application of ISO52000
A2P003: Application of ISO52000
  No
A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balance
A2P004: Appliances included in the calculation of the energy balance
  Yes
A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balance
A2P005: Mobility included in the calculation of the energy balance
  No
A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculation
A2P006: Description of how mobility is included (or not included) in the calculation
  Mobility is not included in this energy lab yet.
A2P011: Annual renewable electricity production on-site during target year
A2P011: PV
 

  • PV

A2P011: Biomass_el
 

  • Biomass_el

A2P012: Annual renewable thermal production on-site during target year
A2P012: Geothermal
 

  • Geothermal

A2P012: Solar Thermal
 

  • Solar Thermal

A2P012: Biomass_heat
 

  • Biomass_heat

A2P012: Waste heat+HP
 

  • Waste heat+HP

A2P012: Biomass_firewood_th
 

  • Biomass_firewood_th

A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary
A2P020: Share of RES on-site / RES outside the boundary
  0
A2P023: Technological Solutions / Innovations – Energy Generation
A2P023: Photovoltaics
 

  • Photovoltaics

A2P023: Solar thermal collectors
 

  • Solar thermal collectors

A2P023: Wind Turbines
 

  • Wind turbines

A2P023: Geothermal energy system
 

  • Geothermal energy system

A2P023: Polygeneration
 

  • Polygeneration

A2P023: Co-generation
 

  • Co-generation

A2P023: Heat Pump
 

  • Heat Pump

A2P023: Hydrogen
 

  • Hydrogen

A2P023: Biomass
 

  • Biomass

A2P024: Technological Solutions / Innovations – Energy Flexibility
A2P024: A2P024: Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
 

  • Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)

A2P024: Energy management system
 

  • Energy management system

A2P024: Demand-side management
 

  • Demand-side management

A2P024: Smart electricity grid
 

  • Smart electricity grid

A2P024: Thermal Storage
 

  • Thermal Storage

A2P024: Electric Storage
 

  • Electric Storage

A2P024: District Heating and Cooling
 

  • District Heating and Cooling

A2P024: Smart metering and demand-responsive control systems
 

  • Smart metering and demand-responsive control systems

A2P025: Technological Solutions / Innovations – Energy Efficiency
A2P025: Deep Retrofitting
 

  • Deep Retrofitting

A2P025: Building services (HVAC & Lighting)
 

  • Building services (HVAC & Lighting)

A2P028: Energy efficiency certificates
A2P028: Energy efficiency certificates
  Yes
A2P028: If yes, please specify and/or enter notes
  (Energy Performance Certificate – in Spain it is mandatory in order to buy or rent a house or a dwelling)
A2P029: Any other building / district certificates
A2P029: Any other building / district certificates
  No
A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy
A3P001: Relevant city /national strategy
 

  • Smart cities strategies
  • New development strategies

A3P002: Quantitative targets included in the city / national strategy
A3P002: Quantitative targets included in the city / national strategy
  – Testing the combination of renewable technologies at district level. – Optimization of the generation side based on the weather forecasting and demand side. – Optimization of the control system, connected to the central node, to design and perform virtual analyses based on the combination of all the systems and infrastructures. – Optimization of ICT systems. – Design and management of a virtual analysis using the – Optimization of efficient measures: building performance, user´s behaviour… – Combination of flexible storage systems to operate the global installation.
A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid
A3P003: Strategies towards decarbonization of the gas grid
 

  • Electrification of Heating System based on Heat Pumps
  • Biogas
  • Hydrogen

A3P004: Identification of needs and priorities
A3P004: Identification of needs and priorities
   Create a thermal energy storage tank to be used for air conditioning the buildings.  Some buildings need to be renovated both to increase the energy performance, the seismic behaviour and spaces liveability and comfort.  Optimizing the coupling between technologies.  Guarantee the flexibility to operate the renewable installations to operate in different phases and with different configurations.  CEDER is a public research center and needs to have connected any energy system to the same greed.  CEDER has an industrial develop area where some experimental thermal storage system could be tested.
A3P005: Sustainable behaviour
A3P005: Sustainable behaviour
  – Minimize the building energy consumption while maintaining indoor comfort levels. – Onsite renewable production with flexible storage elements to fix demand side and generation side. – Flexible control solutions through digitalization systems.
A3P006: Economic strategies
A3P006: Economic strategies
 

  • Demand management Living Lab

A3P007: Social models
A3P007: Social models
 

  • Digital Inclusion
  • Educational activities and trainings (including capacity building towards technology literacy, energy efficient behaviour)

A3P008: Integrated urban strategies
A3P008: Integrated urban strategies
 

  • District Energy plans
  • Building / district Certification

A3P009: Environmental strategies
A3P009: Environmental strategies
 

  • Energy Neutral
  • Low Emission Zone
  • Pollutants Reduction
  • Greening strategies

A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspects
A3P010: Legal / Regulatory aspects
  – European Commission has legislated on Energy Community (‘Renewable energy’ directive – 2018/2001/EU and ‘Common rules for the internal electricity market’ directive- 2019/944/EU). – Spanish building certification is regulated through Royal Decree 235/2013
B1P011: Population density before intervention
B1P011: Population density before intervention
  0
B1P012: Population density after intervention
B1P012: Population density after intervention
  0
B2P001: PED Lab concept definition
B2P001: PED Lab concept definition
  CEDER is a pilot infrastructure that provide opportunities to experiment with planning and deployment of energy networks in PEDs.
B2P002: Installation life time
B2P002: Installation life time
  CEDER will follow an integrative approach including technology for a permanent installation.
B2P003: Scale of action
B2P003: Scale
  District
B2P004: Operator of the installation
B2P004: Operator of the installation
  CIEMAT Data detail in personal contact: mariano.martin@ciemat.es; oscar.izquiedo@ciemat.es
B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materials
B2P005: Replication framework: Applied strategy to reuse and recycling the materials
  No, Biomass in case of fuel.
B2P006: Circular Economy Approach
B2P006: Do you apply any strategy to reuse and recycling the materials?
  No
B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab
B2P007: Motivation for developing the PED Lab
 

  • Strategic

B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED Lab
B2P008: Lead partner that manages the PED Lab
  Research center/University
B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab
B2P009: Collaborative partners that participate in the PED Lab
 

  • Academia
  • Industrial

B2P010: Synergies between the fields of activities
B2P010: Synergies between the fields of activities
  The operation of the laboratory with all the components of the energy networks requires a collaborative work between various departments and entities. On the one hand, it is necessary to optimize the operation of renewable systems based on the weather conditions, forecast of the demand side and the flexibility of the generation systems. On the other hand, the optimization of the energy demands through a more sustainable behaviour of both the building and the users want to be acquired. For this, it is necessary to take into account technical aspects but also market, comfort and encourage the user participation, creating a decision-making matrix that allows optimizing the operation of the global system.
B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab
B2P011: Available facilities to test urban configurations in PED Lab
 

  • Buildings
  • Demand-side management
  • Prosumers
  • Renewable generation
  • Energy storage
  • Energy networks
  • Efficiency measures
  • Information and Communication Technologies (ICT)
  • Ambient measures
  • Social interactions

B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab
B2P012: Incubation capacities of PED Lab
 

  • Monitoring and evaluation infrastructure
  • Tools for prototyping and modelling

B2P014: Monitoring measures
B2P014: Monitoring measures
 

  • Equipment

B2P015: Key Performance indicators
B2P015: Key Performance indicators
 

  • Energy
  • Environmental
  • Economical / Financial

B2P017: Capacities
B2P017: Capacities
  – Innovative grid configuration to connect bio boilers and solar thermal on buildings. – Environmental & air quality evaluation. – Testing and evaluation of high efficient heating & cooling systems: Gas, biomass, geothermal and absorption H&C pumps … – Definition and implementation of the different regulation modes for the global system. Using the data from the research focused-partners, several regulation modes for the DH network could be defined and implemented in order to obtain an optimal operation of the network. – Innovation in MPC control to enable harvesting 100% renewables in the most efficient way. – Physical integration of the technologies with the existing facilities at the living lab. – Connection between the solar thermal collectors to achieve the lowest heat losses, providing the possibility to use the grid as high or low temperature DH, according to the demand schedule of the buildings. – Test the bio-boiler of the last generation and ultra-low emissions biomass condensing boiler in order to increase efficiency and reduce GHG and air pollutant emissions of the DH plant. – Control of the supply temperature of the DH grid to enable 100% renewables harvesting in the most efficient way. – Research of the incidence of a normal building or a bioclimatic building in the DH grid demand. – Methodologies for concept validation: Definition of the minimum requirements to verify the suitability of the solutions proposed. – Tests campaign: Experimental operation and characterization in a relevant environment, to exploit the technologies at their best and test different demand profiles, different configuration and loads, with real time monitoring and continuous commissioning to control the performance of the technology. – Validation and upgrading recommendation for the DH&C at district level. – Evaluation of innovation actions for potential energy interventions with demand response in buildings. – The complete available infrastructure (MV and LV electric systems, transformation hubs, end consumption, generation sources, communication elements, etc.) belongs to CEDER-CIEMAT, making this the perfect scenario to test and try the performance of “Smart Grid” and “Microgrid” projects. – The type of electric grid, its voltage levels (MV or LV), its variety of real loads (different buildings with different profiles: industrial buildings, offices and so on) and its sources of renewable generation and storage, mean it is ideal for intermediate tests between a small-scale laboratory and final deployment of the real product.
B2P018: Relations with stakeholders
B2P018: Relations with stakeholders
  CEDER – CIEMAT is a public research body assigned to the Ministry of Science and Innovation under the General Secretariat for Research, focusing on energy and environment. To develop this lab CIEMAT has relations with renewable companies (such as Geoter,…), research centers (such as CARTIF,…) and academia (such as University of Valladolid,…)
B2P019: Available tools
B2P019: Available tools
 

  • Energy modelling

B2P020: External accessibility
B2P020: External accessibility
  CIEMAT is a public body, so it´s open to any institution according the actual regulation and agreements.
C1P001: Unlocking Factors
C1P001: Recent technological improvements for on-site RES production
  2 – Slightly important
C1P001: Innovative, integrated, prefabricated packages for buildings envelope / Energy efficiency of building stock
  5 – Very important
C1P001: Energy Communities, P2P, Prosumers concepts
  5 – Very important
C1P001: Storage systems and E-mobility market penetration
  2 – Slightly important
C1P001: Decreasing costs of innovative materials
  1 – Unimportant
C1P001: Financial mechanisms to reduce costs and maximize benefits
  1 – Unimportant
C1P001: The ability to predict Multiple Benefits
  3 – Moderately important
C1P001: The ability to predict the distribution of benefits and impacts
  4 – Important
C1P001: Citizens improved awareness and engagement on sustainable energy issues (bottom-up)
  4 – Important
C1P001: Social acceptance (top-down)
  3 – Moderately important
C1P001: Improved local and national policy frameworks (i.e. incentives, laws etc.)
  3 – Moderately important
C1P001: Presence of integrated urban strategies and plans
  3 – Moderately important
C1P001: Multidisciplinary approaches available for systemic integration
  2 – Slightly important
C1P001: Availability of grants (from EC or other donors) to finance the PED Lab projects
  5 – Very important
C1P001: Availability of RES on site (Local RES)
  5 – Very important
C1P001: Ongoing or established collaboration on Public Private Partnership among key stakeholders
  3 – Moderately important
C1P001: Any other UNLOCKING FACTORS
  1 – Unimportant
C1P002: Driving Factors
C1P002: Climate Change adaptation need
  4 – Important
C1P002: Climate Change mitigation need (local RES production and efficiency)
  5 – Very important
C1P002: Rapid urbanization trend and need of urban expansions
  1 – Unimportant
C1P002: Urban re-development of existing built environment
  5 – Very important
C1P002: Economic growth need
  3 – Moderately important
C1P002: Improved local environmental quality (air, noise, aesthetics, etc.)
  4 – Important
C1P002: Territorial and market attractiveness
  3 – Moderately important
C1P002: Energy autonomy/independence
  4 – Important
C1P002: Any other DRIVING FACTOR
  1 – Unimportant
C1P003: Administrative barriers
C1P003: Difficulty in the coordination of high number of partners and authorities
  4 – Important
C1P003: Lack of good cooperation and acceptance among partners
  2 – Slightly important
C1P003: Lack of public participation
  1 – Unimportant
C1P003: Lack of institutions/mechanisms to disseminate information
  3 – Moderately important
C1P003:Long and complex procedures for authorization of project activities
  5 – Very important
C1P003: Time consuming requirements by EC or other donors concerning reporting and accountancy
  4 – Important
C1P003: Complicated and non-comprehensive public procurement
  4 – Important
C1P003: Fragmented and or complex ownership structure
  5 – Very important
C1P003: City administration & cross-sectoral attitude/approaches (silos)
  5 – Very important
C1P003: Lack of internal capacities to support energy transition
  4 – Important
C1P003: Any other Administrative BARRIER
  1 – Unimportant
C1P004: Policy barriers
C1P004: Lack of long-term and consistent energy plans and policies
  1 – Unimportant
C1P004: Lacking or fragmented local political commitment and support on the long term
  2 – Slightly important
C1P004: Lack of Cooperation & support between national-regional-local entiies
  3 – Moderately important
C1P004: Any other Political BARRIER
  1 – Unimportant
C1P005: Legal and Regulatory barriers
C1P005: Inadequate regulations for new technologies
  4 – Important
C1P005: Regulatory instability
  3 – Moderately important
C1P005: Non-effective regulations
  4 – Important
C1P005: Unfavorable local regulations for innovative technologies
  2 – Slightly important
C1P005: Building code and land-use planning hindering innovative technologies
  2 – Slightly important
C1P005: Insufficient or insecure financial incentives
  3 – Moderately important
C1P005: Unresolved privacy concerns and limiting nature of privacy protection regulation
  4 – Important
C1P005: Shortage of proven and tested solutions and examples
  2 – Slightly important
C1P005: Any other Legal and Regulatory BARRIER
  1 – Unimportant
C1P006: Environmental barriers
C1P006: Environmental barriers
  3 – Moderately important
C1P007: Technical barriers
C1P007: Lack of skilled and trained personnel
  1 – Unimportant
C1P007: Deficient planning
  2 – Slightly important
C1P007: Retrofitting work in dwellings in occupied state
  2 – Slightly important
C1P007: Lack of well-defined process
  1 – Unimportant
C1P007: Inaccuracy in energy modelling and simulation
  2 – Slightly important
C1P007: Lack/cost of computational scalability
  5 – Very important
C1P007: Grid congestion, grid instability
  5 – Very important
C1P007: Negative effects of project intervention on the natural environment
  5 – Very important
C1P007: Energy retrofitting work in dense and/or historical urban environment
  1 – Unimportant
C1P007: Difficult definition of system boundaries
  2 – Slightly important
C1P007: Any other Thecnical BARRIER
  1 – Unimportant
C1P008: Social and Cultural barriers
C1P008: Inertia
  2 – Slightly important
C1P008: Lack of values and interest in energy optimization measurements
  2 – Slightly important
C1P008: Low acceptance of new projects and technologies
  2 – Slightly important
C1P008: Difficulty of finding and engaging relevant actors
  3 – Moderately important
C1P008: Lack of trust beyond social network
  4 – Important
C1P008: Rebound effect
  2 – Slightly important
C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards environmentalism
  5 – Very important
C1P008: Exclusion of socially disadvantaged groups
  2 – Slightly important
C1P008: Non-energy issues are more important and urgent for actors
  1 – Unimportant
C1P008: Any other Social BARRIER
  1 – Unimportant
C1P008: Hostile or passive attitude towards energy collaboration
  5 – Very important
C1P009: Information and Awareness barriers
C1P009: Insufficient information on the part of potential users and consumers
  2 – Slightly important
C1P009: Perception of interventions as complicated and expensive, with negative socio-economic or environmental impacts
  5 – Very important
C1P009: Lack of awareness among authorities
  4 – Important
C1P009: Information asymmetry causing power asymmetry of established actors
  2 – Slightly important
C1P009: High costs of design, material, construction, and installation
  4 – Important
C1P009: Any other Information and Awareness BARRIER
  1 – Unimportant
C1P010: Financial barriers
C1P010: Hidden costs
  2 – Slightly important
C1P010: Insufficient external financial support and funding for project activities
  5 – Very important
C1P010: Economic crisis
  3 – Moderately important
C1P010: Risk and uncertainty
  2 – Slightly important
C1P010: Lack of consolidated and tested business models
  2 – Slightly important
C1P010: Limited access to capital and cost disincentives
  5 – Very important
C1P010: Any other Financial BARRIER
  1 – Unimportant
C1P011: Market barriers
C1P011: Split incentives
  5 – Very important
C1P011: Energy price distortion
  5 – Very important
C1P011: Energy market concentration, gatekeeper actors (DSOs)
  2 – Slightly important
C1P011: Any other Market BARRIER
  1 – Unimportant
C1P012: Stakeholders involved
C1P012: Government/Public Authorities
 

  • None

C1P012: Research & Innovation
 

  • None

C1P012: Financial/Funding
 

  • None

C1P012: Analyst, ICT and Big Data
 

  • Planning/leading

C1P012: Business process management
 

  • Construction/implementation

C1P012: Urban Services providers
 

  • Planning/leading

C1P012: Real Estate developers
 

  • None

C1P012: Design/Construction companies
 

  • None

C1P012: End‐users/Occupants/Energy Citizens
 

  • Construction/implementation

C1P012: Social/Civil Society/NGOs
 

  • Construction/implementation

C1P012: Industry/SME/eCommerce
 

  • Construction/implementation